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Invasion syndromes:hypotheses on relationships among invasive species attributes and characteristics of invaded sites

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 275-283页

作者： lora b perkins Robert S NOWAK Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State UniversityBrookings SD 57007USA Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science University of NevadaReno NV 89557USA

As invasion science accepts that there is no single causal factor for biological invasion, the identification of groups of traits that are often associated, or ＂syndromes＂, is a logical move forward. Invasion syndromes are proposed to identify suites of site conditions （biotic and environmental） that render a site vulnerable to invasion by different types of invaders. This paper proposed four invasion syndromes which relate invader attributes （competitive ability, niche construction, phenotypic plasticity, and phenological niche separation） to the biotic characteristics （biodiversity and enemies） and environmental conditions （resource abundance and fluctuation） of invaded sites. The four invasion syndromes described in this paper are a development of hypotheses of how the many factors that influence species invasion might be associated. Invasion Syndrome 1 proposes that sites with relatively high resource abundance and high diversity should be vulnerable to invasion by species with high competitive ability. Invasion Syndrome 2 hypothesizes that sites with relatively low resource abundance and low diversity should be vulnerable to invasion by species with niche construction ability. Invasion Syndrome 3 postulates that sites with moderate or fluctuating resources and moderate diversity should be vulnerable to invasion by species with high phenotypic plasticity. Invasion Syndrome 4 hypothesizes that species introduced into a site where it has phenological niche separation from natives will not have to contend with interference from the biotic community at a site （diversity or natural enemies） and may invade where ever site environmental conditions suit its life history. Further work is needed to support, contradict, or refine these hypotheses and almost certainly will identify more invasion syndromes.

关键词： non-native competitive ability niche construction ecosystem engineering phenotypic plasticity phenological niche separation

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Invasive grasses consistently create similar plant-soil feedback types in soils collected from geographically distant locations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第2期9卷 180-186页

作者： lora b.perkins Gary Hatfield Erin K.Espeland Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University1 N.Campus Dr.BrookingsSD 57007USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics South Dakota State University100 Admin LaneBrookingsSD 57007USA Pest Management Research Unit USDA-ARS NPARL1500 North Central AveSidneyMT 59270USA

Aims Plants of similar life forms and closely related species have been observed to create similar types of plant–soil feedbacks(PSFs).However,investigations of the consistency of PSFs within species have not yielded clear *** example,it has been reported that species create different types of PSFs in their native and introduced *** aim of this project is to examine if four species create similar PSF types from soils collected from widely distributed areas within their introduced *** soil for this project was collected from three areas in western North *** this design,we aim to determine species-and site-specific ability to create PSFs and if the type of PSF created is consistent in all soil from all three collection *** species examined are Agropyron cristatum,Centaurea solstitialis,Poa pratensis and Taeniatherum *** We used three-field collected soils(from northern Nevada,western Montana and eastern Montana)in a two-phase greenhouse experiment to quantify the type of PSFs created by four invasive *** first phase was a conditioning phase wherein each invasive species created species-specific changes to the *** second phase of the experiment was the response phase wherein both the conditioning species and a native phytometer were grown in the conditioned soil and in unconditioned(control)*** final aboveground biomass was used to evaluate the effect of conditioning and to determine the type of PSF created by each invasive *** Findings Our results suggest that three of our four study species did show consistency in relation to *** species *** and *** consistently created PSF types that benefit conspecifics more than heterospecifics(and thus are‘invasive’PSF types)and *** consistently exhibited no,or‘neutral’,*** fourth species(***)was inconsistent:in one soil,no feedback was created;in other soil,an invasive PSF was created and in t

关键词： plant-soil feedback invasion niche construction

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Photoshop专家指导

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1998年

作者：（美）（b.珀金斯）brendon perkins 寇广德等译

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Enhancing the clinical relevance of haemorrhage prediction models in trauma

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Military Medical Research 2024年第3期11卷 467-468页

作者： Sankalp Tandle Jared M.Wohlgemut Max E.R.Marsden Erhan Pisirir Evangelia Kyrimi Rebecca S.Stoner William Marsh Zane b.perkins Nigel R.M.Tai Centre for Trauma Sciences Blizard InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUK The Royal London Hospital Barts Health NHS TrustLondon E11FRUK Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma Research and Clinical InnovationThe Royal Centre for Defence MedicineBirmingham B152WBUK Department of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK

We read with interest the recent systematic reviewaArtificial intelligence and machine learning for hemorrhagic trauma careoby Peng et al.[1],which evaluated literature on machine learning(ML)in the management of trau... 详细信息

关键词： Trauma Injury blood transfusion Massive transfusion Prediction Artificial intelligence Machine learning

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Flash ActionScript 3.0实训课堂 1

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2008年

作者：（美）Todd perkins

Flash是目前应用最广泛的一款动画制作软件，Adobe Flash CS3是其最新版本，而该软件中内置的ActionScript 3.0则是动画实现中的出色编程语言。本书通过实际的示例介绍了该编程语言的基本功能。全书共12章，依次介绍了函数、事件、类等... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9787115181855

Flash是目前应用最广泛的一款动画制作软件，Adobe Flash CS3是其最新版本，而该软件中内置的ActionScript 3.0则是动画实现中的出色编程语言。本书通过实际的示例介绍了该编程语言的基本功能。全书共12章，依次介绍了函数、事件、类等基本概念，各种判断语句、数学函数、文本和数组，最后还介绍了高级图形和动画工具，以及如何处理多媒体和高级交互性。　　本书图文并茂，采用手把手的教学模式，并用实际的游戏作为示例来综合运用各种知识，是ActionScript初中级读者的必备书籍。

关键词：图形软件,FLASH ACTIONSCRIPT 3.0 设计动画

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单值地震危险性图的参数不确定性和可变性的处理

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世界地震译丛 1995年第6期26卷 26-44页

作者： b.K.bender D.M.perkins 潘华胥广银国家地震局地球物理研究所

基于主观判断和有限资料解释的概率地震危险性研究的输入(地震震源区、地震发生率、衰减函数等)都是不确定的。面对这些不确定性,我们要考虑:(a)如何“合理地”确定单值概率地震危险性图中所标示的地震运动水平;(b)计算得到的地面运动... 详细信息

基于主观判断和有限资料解释的概率地震危险性研究的输入(地震震源区、地震发生率、衰减函数等)都是不确定的。面对这些不确定性,我们要考虑:(a)如何“合理地”确定单值概率地震危险性图中所标示的地震运动水平;(b)计算得到的地面运动水平的不确定性在这种图上可以明确地表达到何种程度。如果单个震源区的地震发生率、古登堡-里克特公式中的b值,以及最大震级的最佳猜测估计值被看作是不相关的并且每一参数中的不确定性可以看作是关于估计值对称的,那么,使用这些最优估计计算的概率地面运动水平表达了最可能的值和近似的均值。另一方面,根据不同震源区方案计算的地面运动大小,可能集中于每一方案的不同的中心值周围,而且,根据最可能方案计算出的地面运动水平可显著不同于所有方案计算出的地面运动水平的平均。我们得出结论(因为至少在美国东部和中部对地震过程是缺乏了解的),要得到单一的危险性估计结果,假定未来地震将趋向于发生在过去已经发生过地震的地区,并且具有与过去相当的发生率是合理的(在美国西部当单条断层上存在古地震资料时,这些信息是可以结合使用的)。在有多种震源区方案的情况下,使用不同的地面运动衰减关系得到的危险性估计,彼此会显著不同。人们或许考虑采用数个衰减关系的平均,但是,这样一来技术上的问题(例如,如何平均那些采用不同距离量度的关系式,如何估计σ,等等)会使操作非常困难,而且当包含一个与其它衰减关系离散较大的衰减关系时,它对均值会产生很大的影响。为了简化和可操作起见,使用单一的、不被认为是“极值”的衰减关系似乎是合理的,并且这一做法已获得危险性分析人员的接受。

关键词：地震危险性图地震数据参数不确定性可变性

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Design,application and verification of a novel system utilizing bacteria and microalgae to treat swine farm wastewater and produce value-added biomass

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International Journal of Agricultural and biological Engineering 2023年第4期16卷 222-230页

作者： Xin Zhen Yali Li Jingwen Qiang Manyu Tang Wei Hua Wanqing Wang Shuang Wu Phil perkins Roger Ruan Yanling Cheng College of biochemical Engineering Beijing Union UniversityBeijing 100023China beijing Key Laboratory of biomass waste resource utilization Beijing 100023 China Solaster LLC NashvilleTN 37210USA Center for biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA

Swine farm wastewater is extremely harmful to the environment if not treated before it is *** this study,a system was developed and optimized for testing the high levels of organic matter in swine farm wastewater utilizing a microalgae/bacteria co-culture combined with a novel closed-loop extraction and dilution ***,the system produces biomass that also could be harvested and used in value-added *** efficacy of biomass as a biofertilizer was demonstrated by using a model plant of *** addition,the analysis of biomass indicates that it also has potential as a source for *** a 20-d cultivation period,a yield of biomass was achieved to 2.063 g/L of *** highest removal rates recorded in steady state conditions were:13.8 mg/L·d of Total Nitrogen(TN);11.5 mg/L·d of Ammonia Nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N);24.8 mg/L·d of Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD);and 16.9 mg/L·d of Total Phosphorus(TP).After cultivation,the composition of the biomass was analyzed on a dry basis;the major components were protein(44.9%),lipids(24.6%),carbohydrates(19.9%),Chlorophyll-A(2.75%),Chlorophyll-b(1.66%),and carotenoids(0.57%).This biomass was diluted with water(5%by weight)and used as a biofertilizer to grow *** results showed that the average root and stem lengths of Arabidopsis were 43.0%and 55.0%longer compared to those of the control ***,the number of leaves and the maximum leaf length increased by 30.2%and 39.7%;and the fresh and dry leaf weights increased by 44.0%and 33.7%,*** results demonstrate the efficacy of this system for treating swine farm wastewater whilst simultaneously producing a value-added microalgae/bacteria *** paper also demonstrated the use of biomass as a fertilizer for cultivating a value-added crop and,based on the compositional analyses,propose that the biomass could be used as a raw material for biofuel production due to its high lipid content of 24.6%.by cons

关键词： bacteria-microalgae swine wastewater environmental impact value-added biomass biofertilizer

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罗马建筑 1版

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丛书名：世界建筑史丛书

1999年

作者：（英）约翰·b.沃德-珀金斯（John b.Ward-perkins）吴葱等译

意大利Electa S.p.A.出版公司授权出版:本书结合罗马时期的政治、经济、宗教、社会习俗、建筑材料和技术等相关因素，讲述了罗马建筑形式的发展，并配有大量的翔实材料和图片，是一部关于古代罗马建筑的专史。

ISBN: (数字)7112037352

ISBN: (纸本)7112037352

关键词：罗马式建筑史地点:欧洲

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D-MELD risk capping improves post-transplant and overall mortality under markov microsimulation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2014年第3期4卷 206-215页

作者： Jeffrey b Halldorson Robert L Carithers Jr Renuka bhattacharya Ramasamy bakthavatsalam Iris W Liou Andre A Dick Jorge D Reyes James D perkins Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Surgery University of California San Diego CA 92103-8401 United States Division of Transplantation Department of Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States

AIM: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age(D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall survival after ***: Probabilities derived from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2002 and 2004 were used to simulate potential outcomes for all patients listed for transplantation. The Markov simula-tion was then modified by screening matches using a 1200 or 1600 D-MELD risk cap ± allowing transplants for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD) ≤ 14(Rule 14). The differential impact of the rule changes was ***: The Markov simulation accurately reproduced overall and post transplant survival. A 1200 D-MELD risk cap improved post-transplant survival. both the 1200 and 1600 risk caps improved overall survival for waitlisted patients. The addition of Rule 14 further improved post transplant and overall survival by redistribution of donor livers to recipients in higher MELD subgroups. The mechanism for improved overall and post-transplant survival after listing was due to shifting a larger percentage of transplants to the moderate MELD score subgroup(MELD 15-29) while also ensuring that high MELD recipients have livers of high quality to achieve excellent post transplant ***: A 1200 D-MELD risk cap + Rule 14 provided the greatest overall benefit primarily by focusing liver transplantation towards the moderate MELD recipient.

关键词： Liver transplantation The product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age Donor/recipient matching Markov microsimulation Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Donor age

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让知识生动起来

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教书育人（教师新概念） 2005年第8期 19-21页

作者： David perkins 丁磊

知识的艺术包括:策略性的,有洞察力的以及高效的交流;有创造性和钻研性的思考;把知识和教育家们所称作的'真实的世界'联系起来.不管是在学科内还是跨学科的,知识的艺术都能把深层次的阅读、写作、解决问题和做决定的能力,以及对学习过... 详细信息

知识的艺术包括:策略性的,有洞察力的以及高效的交流;有创造性和钻研性的思考;把知识和教育家们所称作的'真实的世界'联系起来.不管是在学科内还是跨学科的,知识的艺术都能把深层次的阅读、写作、解决问题和做决定的能力,以及对学习过程的策略性的管理捆绑在一起.

关键词：学科考试第二课堂知识教学学习兴趣

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