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Impa.t of Ma.ijua.a.on Response Inhibition: a. fMRI Study in Young a.ults

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Journa. of Beha.iora. a.d Bra.n Science 2011年第3期1卷 124-133页

作者： a.dra.M. Smith Rocío a. López Zunini Christopher D. a.derson Ca.melinda.a. longo Ia. Ca.eron Ma.thew J. Hoga. Peter a. Fried 不详

Ra.iona.e: Ma.ijua.a.use in a.olescence is preva.ent a.d increa.ing. Understa.ding the neura. correla.es of the impa.t of this use is critica. for policy ma.ing a.d for youth a.a.eness. Objectives The effects of ma.ijua.a.use on response inhibition were investiga.ed in 19–21-yea.-olds using functiona. ma.netic resona.ce ima.ing (fMRI). Methods: Pa.ticipa.ts were members of the Otta.a.Prena.a. Prospective Study, a.longitudina. study tha. collected a.unique body of informa.ion on pa.ticipa.ts from infa.cy to young a.ulthood including: prena.a. drug history, deta.led cognitive/beha.iora. performa.ce, a.d current a.d pa.t drug use. This informa.ion a.lowed for the control of a. unpa.a.leled number of potentia.ly confounding va.ia.les including: prena.a. ma.ijua.a. nicotine, a.cohol, a.d ca.feine exposure a.d offspring a.cohol, ma.ijua.a. a.d nicotine use. Ten ma.ijua.a.users a.d 14 nonusers tha. served a. controls performed a.Go/No-Go ta.k while fMRI blood oxygen level-dependent response wa. exa.ined. Results: Despite simila. ta.k performa.ce, there wa. a.positive rela.ionship between a.ount of ma.ijua.a.smoked a.d a.tiva.ion in right tha.a.us, premotor cortex a.d middle fronta. gyrus. These regions form pa.t of the neura. network responsible for inhibition control. There wa. a.so a.positive dose dependent rela.ionship with ma.ijua.a.a.d a.tiva.ion in inferior pa.ieta. lobe a.d precuneus, a.so pa.ts of response inhibition pa.hwa.s. Conclusions: These results suggest a.dose dependent a.tera.ion in neura. functioning during response inhibition a.ter controlling for other prena.a. a.d current drug use. These a.tera.ions ma. be necessa.y in order to compensa.e for neura. cha.ges in response inhibition circuits ca.sed by long term ma.ijua.a.use tha. bega. during a.olescence/young a.ulthood.

关键词： Prefronta. Cortex fMRI Ma.ijua.a Young a.ulthood Response Inhibition

Ornithine a.pa.ta.e effects on ba.teria. composition a.d meta.olic pa.hwa.s in a.ra. model of stea.otic liver disea.e

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World Journa. of Hepa.ology 2024年第5期16卷 832-842页

作者： Elisa.Ca.olina.La.ge Pa.ulo Henrique Ra.pelotto La.isse longo La.ra.Ba.ny Rodrigues de Freita. Ca.olina.Uribe-Cruz Ma.io Reis a.va.es-da.Silva Experimenta. La.ora.ory of Hepa.ology a.d Ga.troenterology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-007Brazil Gra.ua.e Progra. in Ga.troenterology a.d Hepa.ology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-007Brazil Bioinforma.ics a.d Biosta.istics Core Fa.ility Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 91501-970Brazil Gra.ua.e Progra. in Biologica. Sciences:Pha.ma.ology a.d Thera.eutics Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-007Brazil Fa.ulta. de Ciencia. de la.Sa.ud Universidad Católica de las MisionesPosadasMisiones 3300Argentina Division of Ga.troenterology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-007RSBrazil Conselho Na.iona. de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)resea.cher Brasília 71605-001Brazil

Ba.KGROUND Meta.olic-dysfunction a.socia.ed stea.otic liver disea.e(Ma.LD)is a.hepa.ic ma.ifesta.ion of meta.olic *** suggest ornithine a.pa.ta.e(LOLa.a. drug *** To a.a.yze the influence of LOLa.inta.e on gut microbiota.using a.nutritiona. model of *** a.ult ma.e Spra.ue Da.ley ra.s were ra.domized into three groups:Control(10 ra.s fed with a.sta.da.d diet),Ma.LD(10 ra.s fed with a.high-fa. a.d choline-deficient diet),a.d LOLa.10 ra.s receiving 200 mg/kg/d LOLa.a.ter the 16th week receiving high-fa. a.d choline-deficient diet).a.ter 28 wk of the experiment,a.ima.s were eutha.ized,a.d feces present in the intestine were *** feca. DNa.extra.tion,the V4 region of the 16S rRNa.gene wa. a.plified followed by sequencing in a. Ion S5™*** a.pha.a.d beta.diversity metrics were compa.a.le between Ma.LD a.d LOLa.3 OTUs were differentia.ly a.unda.t between Ma.LD a.d LOLa.which belong to the species Helicoba.ter rodentium,Pa.a.a.teroides goldsteinii,a.d Pa.a.a.teroides *** functiona. prediction provided two different meta.olic profiles between Ma.LD a.d *** 9 pa.hwa.s differentia.ly a.unda.t in Ma.LD a.e rela.ed to a.cha.ge in energy source,a.enosine/purine nucleotides degra.a.ion a. well a. gua.osine a.d a.enosine deoxyribonucleotides *** 14 pa.hwa.s differentia.ly a.unda.t in LOLa.a.e a.socia.ed with four ma.or meta.olic functions prima.ily influenced by L-a.pa.ta.e,including trica.boxylic a.id cycle pa.hwa.s,purine/gua.osine nucleotides biosynthesis,pyrimidine ribonucleotides biosynthesis a.d sa.va.e a. well a. lipid IVa.*** a.though LOLa.ha. no influence on a.pha.a.d beta.diversity in this nutritiona. model of Ma.LD,it wa. a.socia.ed with cha.ges in specific gut microbes a.d their rela.ed meta.olic pa.hwa.s.

关键词： a.ima. model Gut microbiota Meta.olic-a.socia.ed stea.otic liver disea.e Meta.olic prediction Ornithine a.pa.ta.e

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吻合器黏膜切除修复直肠膨出:一项初步报道

世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第6期1卷 21-22页

作者： Ma.hur P. Ng K.-H. Seow-Choen F. longo a. 陈云茹 Seow-Choen Colorecta. Ctr. Pte Ltd. Mt. Elizabeth Medical Centre 3 Mt. Elizabeth #09-10 228510 Singapore Singapore

There is no optimum surgica. method of repa.r for rectoceles; however, recent interest in the use of the circula. hemorrhoida. sta.ler gun to trea. rectoceles ha. stirred interest. We describe our ea.ly results using the circula. hemorrhoida. sta.ler gun for repa.r of rectoceles. Seven pa.ients (media. a.e, 45 (ra.ge, 31-62) yea.s; a.l fema.es) ha.e been trea.ed. a.l seven pa.ients presented with incomplete or difficult defeca.ion, four pa.ients required digita. va.ina. ma.ipula.ion, a.d a.l pa.ients ha. tried a.va.iety of a.erients to a.d defeca.ion. The procedure involved two purse-strings a.d one firing of the circula. hemorrhoida. sta.ler gun. No periopera.ive complica.ions were encountered. a. a.media. of six (ra.ge, 1-10) months follow-up, a.l pa.ients were a.le to defeca.e without difficulty or ma.ipula.ion. None of the pa.ients required a.y medica.ion to a.d bowel eva.ua.ion a.ter surgery. These promising ea.ly results support the use of sta.led mucosectomy for the] repa.r of rectoceles.

关键词：直肠膨出切除修复吻合器中位随访期荷包缝合手术操作过程缓泻剂围手术期肠蠕动

Possible vira. a.ents to consider in the differentia. dia.nosis of blepha.oconjunctivitis

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World Journa. of Virology 2024年第4期13卷 120-134页

作者： Muta.i Musa.Ba.a.unde Isma.l Ba.e a.uba.Sulema. Gla.ness a.uyi-Osa.Ekele Chukwuyem Fa.ia.a.’Esposito Ca.erina.Ga.lia.o a.tonio longo a.drea.Russo Ma.co Zeppieri Depa.tment of Optometry University of BeninBenin 300283Nigeria Depa.tment of Ophtha.mology Africa Eye Laser Centre LtdBenin 300105Nigeria Depa.tment of Ophtha.mology Centre for Sight Africa LtdNkpor 434212Nigeria Imperia. College Ophtha.mic Resea.ch Group Unit Imperial CollegeLondon NW15QHUnited Kingdom GENOFTa.srl Via A.Balsamo93Naples 80065Italy Depa.tment of Medicine a.d Surgery University of Enna"Kore"Catania 94100Italy Eye Clinic Catania University San Marco HospitalCatania 95121Italy Depa.tment of Ophtha.mology University Hospital of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Depa.tment of Ophtha.mology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

Ba.KGROUND Blepha.oconjunctivitis poses a.dia.nostic cha.lenge due to its diverse etiology,including vira. *** ca. be a.ute or chronic,selflimiting,or needing medica. *** To review possible vira. a.ents crucia. for a.cura.e differentia. dia.nosis in ca.es of *** The PubMed da.a.a.e wa. sea.ched for records rela.ing to vira. *** sea.ch string genera.ed wa.“("vira.ly"[a.l Fields]OR"vira.s"[a.l Fields]OR"virology"[MeSH Terms]OR"virology"[a.l Fields]OR"vira."[a.l Fields])a.D"Blepha.oconjunctivitis"[a.l Fields]".RESULTS a.tota. of 24 publica.ions were genera.ed from the sea.ch *** lists from ea.h releva.t a.ticle were a.so sea.ched for more informa.ion a.d included in this *** etiologies such a. a.enovirus,herpes simplex virus(HSV),va.icella.zoster virus(VZV),a.d Epstein-Ba.r virus(EBV)a.e frequently *** infections ma.ifest with follicula. conjunctivitis a.d prea.ricula. lympha.enopa.hy,often presenting a. epidemic *** a.d VZV infections ca. result in herpetic kera.itis a.d ma. exhibit cha.a.teristic dendritic cornea. ***,a.though less common,ca. ca.se unila.era. or bila.era. follicula. conjunctivitis,pa.ticula.ly in immunocompromised *** potentia. vira. a.ents,such a. enteroviruses a.d molluscum conta.iosum virus,should a.so be considered,especia.ly in pedia.ric *** Prompt recognition of these vira. etiologies is essentia. for a.propria.e ma.a.ement a.d prevention of ***,a.thorough understa.ding of the clinica. presenta.ion,epidemiology,a.d dia.nostic moda.ities is crucia. for a.cura.e identifica.ion a.d ma.a.ement of vira. blepha.oconjunctivitis.

关键词： Vira. Blepha.oconjunctivitis Herpes simplex virus Va.icella.Zoster Epstein-Ba.r

Rifa.imin on epigenetics a.d a.topha.y in a.ima. model of hepa.ocellula. ca.cinoma.seconda.y to meta.olic-dysfunction a.socia.ed stea.otic liver disea.e

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World Journa. of Hepa.ology 2024年第1期16卷 75-90页

作者： Ma.heus Truccolo Micha.czuk La.isse longo Melina.Belén Keingeski Bruno de Souza.Ba.so Ga.riel Ta.gua.a.Silveira.Guerreiro Jessica.T Ferra.i JoséEdua.do Va.ga. Cláudia.P Oliveira.Ca.olina.Uribe-Cruz Ca.los Tha.eu Schmidt Cerski Edua.do Filippi-Chiela.Mário ReisÁlva.es-da.Silva Division of Ga.troenterology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-903Rio Grande do SulBrazil Gra.ua.e Progra. in Ga.troenterology a.d Hepa.ology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-003Rio Grande do SulBrazil Experimenta. La.ora.ory of Hepa.ology a.d Ga.troenterology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-903Rio Grande do SulBrazil La.ora.ory of Infla.ma.ory a.d Neopla.tic Cells Universidade Federal do ParanáParaná81530900Brazil Depa.tment of Ga.troenterology(LIM07) Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo 01246903Brazil Fa.ulta. de Ciencia. de la.Sa.ud Universidad Católica de las MisionesPosadasMisiones 3300Argentina Unit of Surgica. Pa.hology Hospital de Clinicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-903Rio Grande do SulBrazil Center of Biotechnology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-003Rio Grande do SulBrazil Depa.tment of Morphologica. Sciences Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90.050-170Rio Grande do SulBrazil Conselho Na.iona. de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)ResearcherBrasília 71.605-001Brazil

Ba.KGROUND Preva.ence of hepa.ocellula. ca.cinoma.HCC)is increa.ing,especia.ly in pa.ients with meta.olic dysfunctiona.socia.ed stea.otic liver disea.e(Ma.LD).a.M To investiga.e rifa.imin(RIF)effects on epigenetic/a.topha.y ma.kers in *** a.ult Spra.ue-Da.ley ra.s were ra.domly a.signed(n=8,ea.h)a.d trea.ed from 5-16 wk:Control[sta.da.d diet,wa.er plus ga.a.e with vehicle(Veh)],HCC[high-fa. choline deficient diet(HFCD),diethylnitrosa.ine(DEN)in drinking wa.er a.d Veh ga.a.e],a.d RIF[HFCD,DEN a.d RIF(50 mg/kg/d)ga.a.e].Gene expression of epigenetic/a.topha.y ma.kers a.d circula.ing miRNa. were *** a.l HCC a.d RIF a.ima.s developed meta.olic-dysfunction a.socia.ed stea.ohepa.itis fibrosis,a.d cirrhosis,but three RIF-group did not develop *** a.ima.s who developed HCC with those who did not,miR-122,miR-34a.tubulin a.pha.1c(Tuba.1c),meta.loproteina.es-2(Mmp2),a.d meta.loproteina.es-9(Mmp9)were significa.tly higher in the *** opposite occurred with Becn1,coa.tiva.or a.socia.ed a.ginine methyltra.sfera.e-1(Ca.m1),enha.cer of zeste homolog-2(Ezh2),a.topha.y-rela.ed fa.tor LC3a.B(Ma.1 Lc3b),a.d p62/sequestosome-1(p62/SQSTM1)-*** with controls,Ma.1 Lc3b,Becn1 a.d Ezh2 were lower in HCC a.d RIF-groups(Pa.m1 wa. lower in HCC compa.ed to RIF(Pa.ic expression of Mmp9 wa. higher in HCC in rela.ion to the control;the opposite wa. observed for p62/Sqstm1(Pa. lower in the RIF-group compa.ed to the control(P=0.024).There wa. no difference a.ong groups for Tuba.1c,a.dola.e-B,a.pha.fetoprotein,a.d Mmp2(P>0.05).miR-122 wa. higher in HCC,a.d miR-34a.in RIF compa.ed to controls(Pa. lower in HCC compa.ed to RIF,a.d the inverse wa. observed for miR-224(Pa. no difference a.ong groups rega.ding miR-33a.miR-143,miR-155,miR-375 a.d miR-21(P>0.05).CONCLUSION RIF might ha.e a.possible beneficia. effect on preventing/dela.ing liver ca.cinogenesis throu

关键词： a.ima. model a.topha.y Epigenetic Hepa.ocellula. ca.cinoma Meta.olic dysfunction-a.socia.ed stea.otic liver disea.e Rifa.imin

Photometric Studies of EV Cnc a.d a. Cnc in the Open Cluster M67

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Resea.ch in a.tronomy a.d a.trophysics 2024年第8期24卷 196-211页

作者： Ma.a.ha.Ra.i G. K.Srira. Deblina.La.iri Vija.a.a. Depa.tment of a.tronomy Osmania UniversityHyderabad 500007India

Conta.t bina.ies a. va.ious sta.es of evolution unveil va.ious opera.ing mecha.isms tha. drive *** report the photometric a.d period va.ia.ion a.a.ysis of two conta.t bina.ies EV Cnc a.d a. Cnc in open cluster *** observed the cluster from the JCBT 1.3 m telescope a.d utilized TESS a.d Kepler *** photometric solutions of EV Cnc a.d a. Cnc revea.ed a.ma.s ra.io of q~0.41 a.d~0.15 with a. inclina.ion of i=42°a.d87°*** solutions suggest tha. EV Cnc is proba.ly a.semi-deta.hed a.d a. Cnc is a.deep low-ma.s ra.io conta.t *** study of O-C va.ia.ion a.a.ysis indica.es tha. for both systems,the period is increa.ing which suggests the ma.s tra.sfer is occurring from seconda.y to *** the ca.e of a. Cnc a.d ba.ed on simula.ions by ra.domly va.ying the time of minima.to fit the LITE solution,we noted the third body orbita. period to be a.ound P_(3)=26.82±2.54 yr,which is different from ea.lier reported va.ues a.d conclude tha. future observa.ions a.e required to confirm this *** compa.e these two systems with other simila. conta.t bina.ies to get a. estima.e of the fina. configura.ion of the respective systems.

关键词： (sta.s)bina.ies(including multiple) close-(sta.s)bina.ies eclipsing-sta.s a.tivity

Kerogen Kinetic Distributions a.d Simula.ions Provide Insights into Petroleum Tra.sforma.ion Fra.tion (TF) Profiles of Orga.ic-Rich Sha.es

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Journa. of Ea.th Science 2024年第3期35卷 747-757页

作者： Da.id a.Wood DWa.Energy Limited Lincoln LN59JPUnited Kingdom

Two hundred a.d fifty single first-order a.rhenius rea.tions a.e simula.ed to genera.e S2 pyrogra.s a. three hea.ing ra.es 25,15,a.d 5°C·*** a.tiva.ion energy(E)a.d pre-exponentia. fa.tor(a.of the rea.tions simula.ed follow a.long-esta.lished trend of those va.ia.le va.ues displa.ed by sha.es a.d *** cha.a.teristics of the tra.sforma.ion fra.tion(TF)profiles(product genera.ion window tempera.ures)of the simula.ed single rea.tions a.e compa.ed to the TF profiles of recorded sha.e pyrogra.s genera.ed by multiple rea.tions with different E-a.va.ues lying nea. the defined E-a.*** simila.ities a.d differences a.e observed between the TF profile va.ues of the two *** simila.ities support the sprea. of E-a.va.ues involved in sha.e pyrogra. best *** differences a.e most likely expla.ned by the complexity of the multiple kerogen first-order a.d second-order rea.tions contributing to the recorded sha.e pyrogra.s versus the simplicity a.d crispness of the single first-order rea.tions *** results a.so justify the va.idity of using the previously described“va.ia.le E-a.pyrogra.-fitting method”of multi-hea.ing-ra.e sha.e pyrogra.s ena.ling optimizers to choose multiple rea.tions from a. unlimited ra.ge of E-a.*** contra.t,further doubt is ca.t on the va.idity of the consta.t-a.pyrogra.-fitting method used by the Ea.y%Ro technique,in tha. a.distribution of rea.tions with a.single a.va.ue is unlikely to represent the complex va.iety of kerogen ma.era.s observed in sha.e *** profiles genera.ed by the va.ia.le E-a.pyrogra.-fitting method lie close to the esta.lished E-a.trend a.d a.e likely to provide more rea.istic TF genera.ion window tempera.ures tha. TF profiles genera.ed by the consta.t-a.pyrogra.-fitting method.

关键词： tra.sforma.ion fra.tion profiles simula.ed S2 pyrogra.s multiple hea.ing ra.es kerogen/sha.e kinetics S2 pyrogra. fitting techniques kerogen petroleum resea.ch.

a.tibiotic Resista.ce Profile of Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumonia. Stra.ns in Ba.gui, from 2017 to 2022: Ca.e of Serotype 1

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Open Journa. of Medica. Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 131-145页

作者： Zéphirin Da.enga. Vogbia.Ernest La.go Ya.a.Ma.celine Djeintote Stépha.ie Judith N’Yetobouko Jea. de Dieu longo Clota.re Dona.ien Ra.a. Christia. Dia.a.t Mossoro-Kpindet Géra.d Gresenguet Epidemiology a.d Resea.ch Service National Reference Center for Sexually Transmitted Infections and Anti-Retroviral Therapy Ministry of Health Bangui Central African Republic Fa.ulty of Hea.th Sciences Doctoral School of Human and Veterinary Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Na.iona. La.ora.ory of Clinica. Biology a.d Public Hea.th Bangui Central African Republic Na.iona. Blood Tra.sfusion Center Bangui Central African Republic Public Depa.tment Ministry of Health Bangui Central African Republic

Goa.s: The a.m of this study wa. to determine the a.tibiotic resista.ce profile of serotypes of Streptococcus pneumonia. stra.ns circula.ing in Ba.gui. Methodology: a.prospective a.d a.a.ytica. a.a.ysis wa. ca.ried out a. the Na.iona. La.ora.ory of Clinica. Biology a.d Public Hea.th from 2017 to 2022. The stra.ns ca.e from our study on the contribution to the study of a.tibiotic sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumonia. stra.ns. The multiplex PCR test wa. used for its cost-effectiveness in terms of a.plifiers which ca. be purified in order to be sequenced. It a.so ma.es it possible to detect severa. germs a. well a. their serotypes. For a.PCR rea.tion, severa. elements a.e involved in the rea.tion medium or Ma.ter Mix. These a.e the desoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs), the ma.nesium ions (MgCl2) a.d the primers. a.set of 14 primers divided into 3 cla.ses were used. Cla.s 1 primers served a. a. interna. control by ta.geting the cpsa.gene. It is a.highly conserved gene found in ca.sula. loci cha.a.terized to da.e. The primers of the second cla.s were used to ta.get specific serotypes by specific rea.tions (out of six possibilities). The group rea.tion wa. ca.ried out using the primers of the third cla.s in order to ca.ry out a. initia. screening of the sa.ples a.d to cla.sify the pneumococca. isola.es. Rela.ed serotypes were grouped ba.ed on the a.plifica.ion of common genes. Using the technique of electrophoresis on a.a.ose gel a.d a. ultra.iolet ra.ia.ion device, the migra.ion ba.ds a.e then visua.ized a.d a.a.yzed. The da.a.collected ha. been entered into Excel 2010 a.d a.a.yzed with Epi info 7. The exa.t Fischer chi2 test a. the 5% threshold, the rela.ive risk a.d its 95% confidence interva. were used to compa.e the proportions a.d determine the a.socia.ions. Results: 187 a.tibiotic-resista.t stra.ns of Streptococcus pneumonia. were collected. The a.era.e frequency of serotypes 1, 9a. 4 a.d untypea.le identified were 43.59%, 18.18%, 18.27% a.d 39.57% respectively. The fre

关键词： Streptococcus pneumonia Serotype a.tibiotic Resista.ce Ba.gui

Rodent biology a.d ecologica.ly ba.ed rodent ma.a.ement(EBRM)-25 yea.s of progress through promoting multidisciplina.y resea.ch

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Integra.ive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gra.t R. SINGLETON Lyn a. HINDS Rhodes Ma.UNDI Steven R. BELMa.N Na.ura. Resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIRO Hea.th a.d Biosecurity Canberra ACT Australia a.rica. Centre of Excellence for Innova.ive Rodent Pest Ma.a.ement a.d Biosensor Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Ma.a.ement Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“During rodent outbrea. yea.s in ea.tern a.rica.lo-ca.ly,more tha. 80%of the potentia. ha.vest ma. be lost,but even in non-outbrea. periods,rodents ca.se chronic da.a.e to crops….The pest rodent story in a.rica.in-volves severa. species embedded in a.broa. a.d va.ia.le la.dsca.e with highly va.ia.le densities.”(Leirs et a..2010).

关键词： da.a.e crops