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RNAi technology for plant protection and its applicatior in wheat

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aBIOTECH 2021年第4期2卷 365-374页

作者： Shaoshuai Liu Shuaifeng Geng Aili Li Yingbo mao long mao Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeiing 100081China Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyUniversity of CASChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Sino-Agro Research Station for Salt Tolerant Crops Yellow River DeltaKenli DistrictDongying 257500ShandongChina

The RNAi technology takes advantage of the intrinsic RNA interference(RNAi)mechanism that exists in nearly all eukaryotes in which target mRNAs are degraded or functionally *** progress has been made in recent years where RNAi technology is applied to several crops and economic plants for protection against diseases like fungi,pests,and *** technology is also applied in controlling pathogen damages in wheat,one of the most important crops in the *** this review,we first give a brief introduction of the RNAi technology and the underneath *** then review the recent progress of its utilization in crops,particular ***,we discuss the existing challenges and prospect future development of this technology in crop protection.

关键词： Double-stranded RNA Pathogens Pests Nematodes RNA interference Small RNA Wheat

Wheat functional genomics research in China:A decade of development

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The Crop Journal 2018年第1期6卷 1-6页

作者： long mao Jianmin Wan Hong-Qing Ling National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences/College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

In the past decade we witnessed a revolutionary development of wheat genomics and functional genomics, thanks to the development of next generation sequencing (NSG) ***, as one of the most important crops in China and the world and with a huge, repetitive, and polyploid genome,was unconquerable in the past and is now catching up with other crops due to the availability of an increasing number of resources and *** researchers in China have worked unostentatiously during the last decade after The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China first set up the wheat functional genomics program in 2005. Since then many papers on wheat were published in a wide range of international journals demonstrating significant progress in wheat functional genomics.

关键词： In the past decade we witnessed a revolutionary

The wild and the valuable:The goatgrass pangenome advances wheat improvement

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The Crop Journal 2024年第6期12卷 1503-1504页

作者： long mao State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

On August 14,2024,the international journal Nature reported the pangenome of the wild goatgrass Aegilops tauschii,the D-subgenome donor of common wheat(Triticum aestivum)[1].As a major source of calories and protein for the human diet,wheat is always a target of yield *** other crops,cultivated wheat harbors limited genetic diversity after experiencing polyploidization,domestication,and breeding bottlenecks[2].In the study,the Open Wild Wheat Consortium(OWWC)established and extensively characterized a large goatgrass genome *** comprises more than 30 institutions worldwide and is led by scientists from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology of Saudi *** includes wheat researchers from the Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and Sichuan Agricultural University,China.

关键词： breeding crops Wheat

Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat： Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 552-558页

作者： Aili Li Dengcai Liu Wuyun Yang Masahiro Kishii long mao Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 China Crop Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu 610066 China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Yexcoco 56237 Mexico

In recent years, wheat yield per hectare appears to have reached a plateau, leading to concerns for future food security with an increasing world population. Since its invention, synthetic hexaploid wheat （SHW） has been shown to be an effective genetic resource for transferring agronomically important genes from wild relatives to common wheat. It provides new sources for yield potential, drought tolerance, disease resistance, and nutrient-use efficiency when bred conventionally with modern wheat varieties. SHW is becoming more and more important for modern wheat breeding. Here, we review the current status of SHW generation, study, and application, with a particular focus on its contribution to wheat breeding. We also briefly introduce the most recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms for growth vigor in SHW. Advances in new technologies have made the complete wheat reference genome available, which offers a promising future for the study and applications of SHW in wheat improvement that are essential to meet global food demand.

关键词： Synthetic wheat Wheat Polyploidization Disease resistance Stress tolerance Yield

CRISPR/dCas-mediated gene activation toolkit development and its application for parthenogenesis induction in maize

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Plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 56-64页

作者： Xiantao Qi Huimin Gao Renyao Lv Wenbo mao Jinjie Zhu Changling Liu long mao Xinhai Li Chuanxiao Xie Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementBeijing 100081 China Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab Hainan Province 572024 China

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-Cas systems can be engineered as programmable transcription factors to either activate(CRISPRa)or inhibit *** is extremely valuable for the seed industry in breeding clonal seeds with pure genetic *** report here a CRISPR/dCas9-based toolkit equippedwith dCas9-VP64 andMS2-p65-HSF1 effectors that may specifically target genes with high activation *** explored the application of in vivo CRISPRa targeting of maize BABY BOOM2(ZmBBM2),acting as a fertilization checkpoint,as a means to engineer *** detected ZmBBM2 transcripts only in egg cells but not in other maternal gametic *** of ZmBBM2 in egg cells in vivo caused maternal cell-autonomous parthenogenesis to produce haploid *** work provides a highly specific gene-activation CRISPRa technology for target cells and verifies its application for parthenogenesis induction in maize.

关键词： CRISPRa ZmBBM2 egg cell apomixis engineering maternal haploid

SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding Protein-Like Transcription Factors:Star Players for Plant Growth and Development

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第11期52卷 946-951页

作者： Xiaobo Chen Zenglin Zhang Danmei Liu Kai Zhang Aili Li long mao National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI) MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm & BiotechnologyInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing 100081China

SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding Protein-Like （SPL） genes encode plantspecific transcription factors that play important roles in plant phase transition,flower and fruit development,plant architecture,gibberellins signaling,sporogenesis,and response to copper and fungal *** Arabidopsis,many SPL genes are post-transcriptionally regulated by the microRNA （miRNA） miR156,among which AtSPL9 in turn positively regulates the expression of the second miRNA *** miR156AtSPL9-miR172 regulatory pathway plays critical roles during juvenile to adult leaf development and the miR156-SPLs feedback interaction persists all through the plant development,which may be conserved in other *** the present paper,we provide a concise review on the most recent progress in the regulatory mechanisms associated with plant SPL transcription factors,especially in relation to *** potential application of these discoveries in agriculture is briefly discussed.

关键词： Transcription factors Transcription Plants Planting Genes Regulations

Thermal,physical and mechanical properties of hydrogenated dimer acid-based Nylon 636/Nylon 66 copolymers

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2013年第7期24卷 654-658页

作者： Feng Jia Jin-long mao Xue-Yun Yang Yan Ma Cheng Yao School of Science Nanjing University of Technology

Hydrogenated dimer acid-based Nylon 636/Nylon 66 copolymers were synthesized by in situ polymerization. The effects of Nylon 66 contents on the copolymers were characterized by intrinsic viscosity measurements, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical tests. The results showed that incorporation of Nylon 66 into hydrogenated dimer acid-based Nylon had no significant effect on the glass transition or melting temperatures. However, the crystallization temperature, crystallinity degree and the maximum rate of decomposition temperature from derivative thermogravimetry measurements vary. Mechanical testing data revealed that with increasing Nylon 66 concentrations, the tensile strength of copolymers increased, while the elongation at break point and notched izod impact strength decreased. The physical and mechanical properties of HN-40, HN-50 and HN-60 are similar to those of the current PAl 1, PAl212, and PAlll 1 Nylon products.

关键词： Nylon Hydrogenated dimer acid Thermal properties Mechanical properties

The Battle to Sequence the Bread Wheat Genome:A Tale of the Three Kingdoms

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2020年第3期18卷 221-229页

作者： Jiantao Guan Diego F.Garcia Yun Zhou Rudi Appels Aili Li long mao National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology&Institute of Plant Stress Biology School of Life ScienceHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscienceDepartment of Economic DevelopmentJobsTransportand ResourcesLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3083Australia

In the year 2018,the world witnessed the finale of the race to sequence the genome of the world’s most widely grown crop,the common *** has been known to bear a notoriously large and complicated genome of a polyploidy nature.A decade competition to sequence the wheat genome initiated with a single consortium of multiple countries,taking a conventional strategy similar to that for sequencing Arabidopsis and rice,became ferocious over time as both sequencing technologies and genome assembling methodologies *** different stages,multiple versions of genome sequences of the same variety(e.g.,Chinese Spring)were produced by several groups with their special ***,16 years after the rice genome was finished and 9 years after that of maize,the wheat research community now possesses its own reference *** with these genomics tools,wheat will reestablish itself as a model for polyploid plants in studying the mechanisms of polyploidy evolution,domestication,genetic and epigenetic regulation of homoeolog expression,as well as defining its genetic diversity and breeding on the genome *** enhanced resolution of the wheat genome should also help accelerate development of wheat cultivars that are more tolerant to biotic and/or abiotic stresses with better quality and higher yield.

关键词： Common wheat Homoeologous genomes Polyploid Sequencing Triticum aestivum

Making the Bread： Insights from Newly Synthesized AIIohexaploid Wheat

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Molecular Plant 2015年第6期8卷 847-859页

作者： Ai-li Li Shuai-feng Geng Lian-quan Zhang Deng-cai Liu long mao National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081China Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu Sichuan 611130 China These authors contributed equally to this article.

Bread wheat （or common wheat, Triticum aestivum） is an allohexaploid （AABBDD, 2n = 6x = 42） that arose by hybridization between a cultivated tetraploid wheat T. turgidum （AABB, 2n = 4x = 28） and the wild goatgrass Aegilops tauschfi （DD, 2n = 2x = 14）. Polyploidization provided niches for rigorous genome modification at cytogenetic, genetic, and epigenetic levels, rendering a broader spread than its progenitors. This review summarizes the latest advances in understanding gene regulation mechanisms in newly synthesized allo- hexaploid wheat and possible correlation with polyploid growth vigor and adaptation. Cytogenetic studies reveal persistent association of whole-chromosome aneuploidy with nascent allopolyploids, in contrast to the genetic stability in common wheat. Transcriptome analysis of the euploid wheat shows that small RNAs are driving forces for homoeo-allele expression regulation via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The ensuing non-additively expressed genes and those with expression level dominance to the respective pro- genitor may play distinct functions in growth vigor and adaptation in nascent allohexaploid wheat. Further genetic diploidization of allohexaploid wheat is not random. Regional asymmetrical gene distribution, rather than subgenome dominance, is observed in both synthetic and natural allohexaploid wheats. The combinatorial effects of diverged genomes, subsequent selection of specific gene categories, and subgenome-specific traits are essential for the successful establishment of common wheat.

关键词： allopolyploidy synthetic wheat heterosis adaptation expression level dominance