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Persistence of Dioxin TCDD in Southern Vietnam Soil and Water environments and Maternal exposure Pathways with Potential Consequences on Congenital Heart Disease Prevalence in Vietnam

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2022年第4期12卷 119-150页

作者： lois Wright Morton Casey Culbertson College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Iowa State University Ames IA USA MD1World San Diego CA USA

Waterlogged soils and submerged sediments in wetlands and agricultural lands used for rice paddies and aquaculture have anaerobic conditions that slow and prevent the photo and microbial degradation of dioxin TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetracholorodibenzo-p-dioxin), enabling it to persist in environments for long periods. Over 1.6 million ha of land in southern Vietnam were sprayed with 2,4,5-T herbicides (e.g. Agent Orange) contaminated with dioxin TCDD during the Vietnam War (1961-1971);45% of these ha received four or more spray flight missions. Dioxins are endocrine disrupters and may induce cardiovascular disease, growth, and developmental defects, diabetes, hormonal dysfunctions and disruptions, certain cancers, and chloracne. Outpatient screening clinic 2020 data on Vietnamese children suspected of congenital heart disease (CHD) showed the childhood CHD prevalence rate in Vietnam of 13.356/1000, significantly elevated compared to the Asian CHD prevalence rate of 3.531/1000. CHD prevalence rate differences between North Vietnam (2.541/1000) and south of the 17th parallel (10.809/1000) were significant. Vietnamese farmers, especially pregnant women whose occupations involve daily contact with soil and sediments where dioxin TCDD persists in the environment may be at risk of dioxin accumulation from dermal exposure and bioaccumulation via diet. There is an urgent need for funded longitudinal genetic and clinical studies to assess CHD and other organ system childhood malformations due to in utero TCDD exposure. We recommend an integrated research design involving 1) site-specific locations that received high volumes and multiple spray loads of herbicides during the Vietnam War;2) soil sampling of submerged and waterlogged soils and sediments where TCDD may not have degraded;3) production areas of agriculture, fisheries, and other aquatic products;4) risk assessment dioxin levels in foods where TCDD is likely to bioaccumulate;5) child-bearing age and pregnant women

关键词： Agent Orange 2 4 5-T Herbicides Dioxin TCDD Vietnam Soils and Sediments Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) Birth Prevalence Saturated and Submerged Soils Rice Paddies Aquaculture Rural Livelihoods Bioaccumulation

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Trichoderma harzianum enhances tomato indirect defense against aphids

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1025-1033页

作者： Mariangela Coppola Pasquale Cascone Maria Luisa Chiusano Chiara Colantuono Matteo Lorito Francesco Pennacchio Rosa Rao Sheridan lois Woo emilio Guerrieri Maria Cristina Digilio Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II Portici Italy CNR--IPSP Portici Italy

Many fungal root symbionts of the genus Trichoderma are well-known for their beneficial effects on agronomic performance and protection against plant pathogens; moreover, they may enhance protection from insect pests, by triggering plant resistance mechanisms. Defense barriers against insects are induced by the activation of metabolic pathways involved in the production of defense-related plant compounds, either directly active against herbivore insects, or exerting an indirect effect, by increasing the attrac- tion of herbivore natural enemies. In a model system composed of the tomato plant, the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae and the parasitoid Aphidius ervi, plant metabolic changes induced by Trichoderma harzianum and their effects on higher trophic levels have been assessed. T. harzianum T22 treatments induce a primed state that upon aphid attacks leads to an increased attraction of aphid parasitoids, mediated by the enhanced produc- tion of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） that are known to induce Aphidius ervi flight. Transcriptome sequencing of T22-treated plants infested by aphids showed a remarkable upregulation of genes involved in terpenoids biosynthesis and salicylic acid pathway, which are consistent with the observed flight response ofA. ervi and the VOC bouquet profile underlying this behavioral response.

关键词： defense gene defense priming Macrosiphum euphorbiae multitrophic interactions transcriptome VOCs

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低分子量谷蛋白亚基与醇溶蛋白的关系及其对小麦烘烤品质的影响

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中国农业科学 1991年第4期24卷 19-25页

作者：韩彬,K.W.shepherd 中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所澳大利亚阿德莱德大学韦特农业研究所北京 100081

对*** F6代55个品系的籽粒分别进行了高分子量谷蛋白亚基、低分子量谷蛋白亚基和醇溶蛋白的电泳分析,并测定了其面粉的延伸性、SDS-沉淀值和蛋白质含量。结果表明,低分子量谷蛋白亚基Glu-A3b与醇溶蛋白Gli-Al（7+12或12）之间;Glu-A3c与... 详细信息

对*** F6代55个品系的籽粒分别进行了高分子量谷蛋白亚基、低分子量谷蛋白亚基和醇溶蛋白的电泳分析,并测定了其面粉的延伸性、SDS-沉淀值和蛋白质含量。结果表明,低分子量谷蛋白亚基Glu-A3b与醇溶蛋白Gli-Al（7+12或12）之间;Glu-A3c与Gli-Al（7+11或11）之间及Glu-A3e与Gli-Al（7）之间有着十分紧密的关系。Glu-A3b与Glu-A3c或Gli-Al（7+12、12）与Gli-Al（7+11、11）所对应的品质指标Rmaxe与SDS-SeD值明显高于其等位基因Glu-A3e或Gli-Al（7）所对应的品质指标值。高分子量谷蛋白亚基5+10对烘烤品质的明显优势,在本试验材料中不显著。文中分析了不显著的原因及品质极差的基因Glu-A3e与Gli-Al（7）的来源。

关键词：低分子量谷蛋白亚基醇溶蛋白小麦烘烤品质

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Individual differences in transcranial electrical stimulation current density

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2013年第6期27卷 495-508页

作者： Michael J Russell Theodore Goodman Ronald Pierson Shane shepherd Qiang Wang Bennett Groshong David F Wiley Aaken Research Institute Inc. Sutter Center for Psychiatry Brain Image Analysis LLC Radiological Associates of Sacramento Inc. Stratovan Corp.

Transcranial electrical stimulation （TCeS） is effective in treating many conditions, but it has not been possible to accurately forecast current density within the complex anatomy of a given subject＇s head. We sought to predict and verify TCeS current densities and determine the variability of these current distributions in patient-specific models based on magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） data. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment estimated conductivity from MRIs and compared the current density results against actual measurements from the scalp surface of 3 subjects. In the second experiment, virtual electrodes were placed on the scalps of 18 subjects to model simulated current densities with 2 mA of virtually applied stimulation. This procedure was repeated for 4 electrode locations. Current densities were then calculated for 75 brain regions. Comparison of modeled and measured external current in experiment 1 yielded a correlation of r = .93. In experiment 2, modeled individual differences were greatest near the electrodes （ten-fold differences were common）, but simulated current was found in all regions of the brain. Sites that were distant from the electrodes （e.g. hypothalamus） typically showed two- fold individual differences. MRI-based modeling can effectively predict current densities in individual brains. Significant variation occurs between subjects with the same applied electrode configuration. Individualized MRI- based modeling should be considered in place of the 10-20 system when accurate TCeS is needed.

关键词： RI modeling current density transcranial-stimulation tDCS

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金色花园

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第二课堂(A) 2016年第10期 6-7页

作者： lois e.Felder 陈频

关键词：花园园林玫瑰

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How cross screw length influences the stiffness of intramedullary nail systems

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Journal of Biomedical Science and engineering 2010年第1期3卷 35-38页

作者： S. V. Karuppiah A. J. Johnstone D. e. T. shepherd 不详

Fractures of long bones are commonly treated with intramedullary (IM) nails and they have been shown to have a very high success rate. Recently we have concerns with the use of the newer IM nailing systems, that uses longer cross screws, which have been developed with variation in implant designs. We believe that the newer implants provide less fracture stability, due to decreased stiffness of the IM nailing system. The aim of this study was to biomechanically determine the influence of the length of cross screw on the stiffness of the IM nailing system, using a composite model. Our test results confirmed our suspicion that the newer IM nailing system using longer cross screw-length is less stiff than traditional nailing systems using shorter cross screw length, during axial loading.

关键词： Intramedullary Nail Mechanical Testing Screw Stiffness

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SUMOylation Inhibition Mediated by Disruption of SUMO el-e2 Interactions Confers Plant Susceptibility to Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens

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Molecular Plant 2017年第5期10卷 709-720页

作者： Laura Castano-Miquel Abraham Mas Ines Teixeira Josep Segui Anna Perearnau Bhagyasree N. Thampi Arnaldo L. Schapire Natalia Rodrigo Gaelle La Verde Silvia Manrique Maria Coca L. Maria lois Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics - CRAG Edifici CRAG-Campus UAB Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall~s) 08193 Barcelona Spain

Protein modification by SUMO modulates essential biological processes in eukaryotes. SUMOylation is facilitated by sequential action of the el-activating, e2-conjugating, and e3-1igase enzymes. In plants, SUMO regulates plant development and stress responses, which are key determinants in agricultural productivity. To generate additional tools for advancing our knowledge about the SUMO biology, we have developed a strategy for inhibiting in vivo SUMO conjugation based on disruption of SUMO el-e2 interactions through expression of e1 SAe2uFDct domain. Targeted mutagenesis and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this inhibition involves a short motif in SAe2uFDct highly divergent across kingdoms. Transgenic plants expressing the SAe2UFDCt domain displayed dose-dependent inhibition of SUMO conjugation, and have revealed the existence of a post-transcriptional mechanism that regulates SUMO e2 conjugating enzyme levels. Interestingly, these transgenic plants displayed increased suscep- tibility to necrotrophic fungal infections by Botrytis cinerea and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. early after fungal inoculation, host SUMO conjugation was post-transcriptionally downregulated, suggesting that targeting SUMOylation machinery could constitute a novel mechanism for fungal pathogenicity. These findings support the role of SUMOylation as a mechanism involved in plant protection from environmental stresses. In addition, the strategy for inhibiting SUMO conjugation in vivo described in this study might be applicable in important crop plants and other non-plant organisms regardless of their genetic complexity.

关键词： SUMQ inhibition development flowering necrotrophic fungi el-activating enzyme el-e2interaction disruption

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Orthogonal assays for the identification of inhibitors of the single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein YB-1

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2019年第5期9卷 997-1007页

作者： Alexander J.Trevarton Yan Zhou Dehua Yang Gordon W.Rewcastle Jack U.Flanagan Antony Braithwaite Peter R.shepherd Cristin G.Print Ming-Wei Wang Annette Lasham Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand The National Center for Drug Screening and the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shanghai201203China Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre AucklandNew Zealand Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Department of Pathology Dunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand School of Pharmacy Fudan UniversityShanghai201203China

We have previously shown that high expression of the nucleic acid binding factor YB-1 is strongly associated with poor prognosis in a variety of cancer types. The 3-dimensional protein structure of YB-1 has yet to be determined and its role in transcriptional regulation remains elusive. Drug targeting of transcription factors is often thought to be difficult and there are very few published high-throughput screening approaches. YB-1 predominantly binds to single-stranded nucleic acids, adding further difficulty to drug discovery. Therefore, we have developed two novel screening assays to detect compounds that interfere with the transcriptional activation properties of YB-1, both of which may be generalizable to screen for inhibitors of other nucleic acid binding molecules. The first approach is a cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay that measures the level of activation of a fragment of the e2 F1 promoter by YB-1. The second approach is a novel application of the Alpha Screen system, to detect interference of YB-1 interaction with a single-stranded DNA binding site. These complementary assays examine YB-1 binding to two discrete nucleic acid sequences using two different luminescent signal outputs and were employed sequentially to screen 7360 small molecule compounds leading to the identification of three putative YB-1 inhibitors.

关键词： Cancer YB-1 Luciferase Alpha Screen Transcription factor Single-stranded DNA

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科学的垫料管理能改善鸡爪的质量

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2010年第6期30卷 22-24页

作者：潘金彪 e.M.shepherd

足垫皮肤炎(Footpad dermatitis)是造成可食用鸡爪淘汰或品质降级的主要因素,但是科学合理的垫料管理能够产生一群健康和更能赚钱的鸡群。

关键词：垫料管理科学合理鸡爪质量皮肤炎可食用鸡群

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植物生长调节剂对盆栽一品红生长及观赏品质的影响

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湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版） 2009年第4期35卷 383-386页

作者：谷战英谢碧霞张冬林 lois Stack 中南林业科技大学林学院湖南长沙410004 University of Maine U.S.Maine Orono 04101

以Sonora Red和Sonora White Glitter两个一品红栽培品种为试验材料,研究了5种不同植物生长调节剂组合对一品红生长及观赏品质的影响.结果表明,与施清水处理相比,各生长调节剂处理均对植株的株高增长速率和株高有一定的抑制作用,均使花... 详细信息

以Sonora Red和Sonora White Glitter两个一品红栽培品种为试验材料,研究了5种不同植物生长调节剂组合对一品红生长及观赏品质的影响.结果表明,与施清水处理相比,各生长调节剂处理均对植株的株高增长速率和株高有一定的抑制作用,均使花头直径和苞叶面积减小,使植株的干重和鲜重降低,但品种间有一定差异.总体来说,质量分数5.0×10-4的乙烯利喷洒2次(前后约1个月)处理和质量分数5.0×10-4的乙烯利喷施1次后约1个月再用质量分数5.0×10-4的矮壮素+质量分数1.0×10-3的B9喷洒1次处理的效果较好,两处理均对一品红的株高有一定的控制作用,但不影响其观赏品质.

关键词：一品红生长调节剂生长观赏品质

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