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Evaluation of Ear and Facial Indices of Ibibio and Efik Female Children of Akwa Ibom and Cross River States, Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 1-8页

作者： Nsikak Michael Umoh Kelechi Chinkata Uruakpa Eru Eru Mba Michael Effiong Oku Theresa Isamoh Nnenna williams Eric Agim Agaba Samson Omini Paulinus John Emah Gabriel Udo-Affah Department of Anatomical Sciences Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medical Sciences University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

Background: The ear and face are indispensable and distinctive features for hearing and identification. Objectives: This study was designed to generate anthropometric data of the ear and facial indices of females of Efik and Ibibio children in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States, show morphological and aesthetic differences and ethnicity. Methods: A total of 600 female children (300 Efiks and 300 Ibibios) aged 2 to 10 years that met the inclusion criteria were chosen from selected primary schools in Calabar Municipality, Calabar South of Cross River State and from Uyo, Itu of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Standardized measurements of face length, face width, ear length, and ear width were taken with a spreading caliper;the facial (proscopic) and ear (auricular) indices were determined. Results: Efik subjects presented a mean face length of 8.36 ± 0.06 cm, face width of 11.04 ± 0.04 cm, ear length of 4.92 ± 0.02 cm, and ear width of 3.06 ± 0.01 cm. Ibibio subjects had mean values for face length, face width, ear length, and ear width as 8.17 ± 0.05 cm, 10.75 ± 0.05 cm, 4.77 ± 0.03 cm, and 2.94 ± 0.02 cm respectively. The mean facial index and ear index for Efik subjects were 75.68 ± 0.31 and 62.16 ± 0.27 respectively;while the mean facial and ear indices for Ibibio subjects were 74.79 ± 0.36 and 61.80 ± 0.34 respectively. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences in face length, ear length, ear width and facial index, with the Efik subjects having higher values than Ibibio subjects (p Conclusion: The results showed hypereuryproscopic face as the prevalent face type among females of both ethnic groups, therefore can be of importance in sex, ethnic, and racial differentiation, and in clinical practice, aesthetics and forensic medicine.

关键词： Anthropometry Ear Facial Indices Identification Nigeria

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Biocompatibility pathways and mechanisms for bioactive materials:The bioactivity zone

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第4期7卷 306-322页

作者： David F.williams Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine 391 Technology Way.Winston-SalemNorth Carolina27101USA

This essay analyzes the scientific evidence that forms the basis of bioactive materials,covering the fundamental understanding of bioactivity phenomena and correlation with the mechanisms of biocompatibility of *** is a detailed assessment of performance in areas such as bone-induction,cell adhesion,immunomodulation,thrombogenicity and antimicrobial *** is the modulation of biological activity by characteristics of the interfacial region that incorporates the material surface and the immediate local host *** the term‘bioactive material’is widely used and has a well understood general meaning,it would be useful now to concentrate on this interfacial region,considered as‘the bioactivity zone’.Bioactivity phenomena are either due to topographical/micromechanical characteristics,or to biologically active species that are presented in the bioactivity *** of topographical/micromechanical effects are the modulation of the osteoblast-osteoclast balance,nanotopographical regulation of cell adhesion,and bactericidal *** of bioactivity by biologically active species include their influence,especially of metal ions,on signaling pathways in bone formation,the role of cell adhesion molecules and bioactive peptides in cell attachment,macrophage polarization by immunoregulatory molecules and antimicrobial *** much experimental data exists to demonstrate the potential of such phenomena,there are considerable barriers to their effective clinical *** essay shows that there is solid scientific evidence of the existence of bioactivity mechanisms that are associated with some types of biomaterials,especially when the material is modified in a manner designed to specifically induce that activity.

关键词： Bioactivity Host response Biomaterial Medical technology Cell signaling

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消失的尼罗河支流

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环球科学 2024年第13期 14-15页

作者：里斯·威廉斯魏书豪(翻译) 不详

在埃及的西部沙漠,一片布满岩石、气候干旱的高原上矗立着被称为“古代世界七大奇迹”之一的吉萨金字塔。多年以来,科学家一直在研究这座高约140米的石质建筑,以及该地区几座较小的金字塔。他们致力于破译古埃及人的铭文,希望揭示古埃... 详细信息

在埃及的西部沙漠,一片布满岩石、气候干旱的高原上矗立着被称为“古代世界七大奇迹”之一的吉萨金字塔。多年以来,科学家一直在研究这座高约140米的石质建筑,以及该地区几座较小的金字塔。他们致力于破译古埃及人的铭文,希望揭示古埃及人如何建造了如此巨大的建筑物,并试图理解他们为什么要把金字塔建在距离他们文明的命脉——尼罗河——如此之远的地方。

关键词：金字塔尼罗河世界七大奇迹铭文气候干旱

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CRISPR Narrows Gap Between Genetically Altered Foods and Consumers

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Engineering 2023年第1期20卷 6-8页

作者： Sarah C.P.williams Senior Technology Writer

In the not-too-distant future,it looks increasingly likely that grocery stores will offer food genetically altered in myriad slight ways to make it healthier,tastier,and more efficient to *** 2022,a flurry of research results and regulatory changes around the world brought gene-edited crops closer to consumers’*** genetically modified organisms(GMOs)created by introducing deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)from one organism into another’s genome,the new gene-edited organisms are engineered by using precise clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)[1]—technology to alter their own *** distinction promises a plethora of new gene-edited crops and,in many countries now,a smoother road to commercialization.

关键词： CRISPR crops stores

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Geoengineering Research Moves from Laboratory to Field

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 3-5页

作者： Sarah C.P.williams Senior Technology Writer

In March 2023,a converted bomber took off from Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska,USA,carrying a payload of delicate scientific instruments(Fig.1).Operated by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),the flight aimed to collect a plethora of information about the Earth’s *** exploration sounds routine,but the mission’s goal is unusual for a government entity:to inform policy decisions surrounding large-scale,deliberate interventions to alter the stratosphere for climate change mitigation[1].The approach of deflecting sunlight to cool the planet,called solar radiation management or solar geoengineering,was long considered a fringe *** with recent funding and attention from government agencies like NOAA,the approach is moving mainstream.

关键词： Earth planet payload

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Heterogeneous numerical modelling for the auto thermal reforming of crude glycerol in a fixed bed reactor

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第2期35卷 261-268页

作者： Jason williams Hussameldin Ibrahim Nima Karimi Kelvin Tsun Wai Ng Clean Energy Technologies Research Institute Process Systems EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of ReginaRegina SK S4S 0A2Canada Environmental Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of ReginaRegina SK S4S 0A2Canada

A mathematical model for the catalytic autothermal reforming(ATR)reaction of synthetic crude glycerol to hydrogen in a fixed bed tubular reactor(FBTR)and over an in-house developed metal oxide catalyst is presented in this *** heterogeneous model equations account for a two-phase system of solid catalyst and bulk feed ***,the ATR of crude glycerol reaction scheme and intrinsic kinetic rate model over an active,selective,and stable nickel-based catalyst were integrated in the developed ***,the model was validated using experimental data generated in our labs for the ATR of synthetic crude *** modelling results adequately described the detailed gas product composition and distribution,temperature profiles,and conversion propagation in the axial direction of the fixed bed reactor over a wide range of reaction temperature(773–923 K)and mass-time(12.71–158.23 g cat·min·(mol C)^(-1)).The crude glycerol conversion predicted with the model showing a close resemblance to those obtained experimentally with an average absolute deviation(AAD)of less than 8%.The maximum crude glycerol conversion and hydrogen yield were found to be 92%and 3 mol hydrogen/mol crude glycerol,***,the gas product concentration profile in the reactor was adequately described(90%)accuracy with a hydrogen concentration of 39%(volume).

关键词： reforming catalyst fixed

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银河系磁力地图

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环球科学 2024年第13期 12-14页

作者：里斯·威廉斯张宇哲(翻译) 不详

我们的银河系形成于130多亿年前,那时,某朵在宇宙中飘荡的尘埃云在自身引力的作用下向内缩,随之产生的热量和压力将其缓慢地转变为繁多的恒星和行星整个过程大致如此。关于银河系起源的细节我们仍不甚明了,对这一古老过程的研究也举步... 详细信息

我们的银河系形成于130多亿年前,那时,某朵在宇宙中飘荡的尘埃云在自身引力的作用下向内缩,随之产生的热量和压力将其缓慢地转变为繁多的恒星和行星整个过程大致如此。关于银河系起源的细节我们仍不甚明了,对这一古老过程的研究也举步维艰。不过,一幅银河系中心及其磁场的新图像为科学家提供了全新的视角,让他们得以细致地探究促使银河系诞生的力量。

关键词：银河系尘埃云地图恒星行星举步维艰

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First Pig-to-Live Human Xenotransplant Produces Mixed Results

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 6-8页

作者： Sarah C.P.williams Senior Technology Writer

On 7 January 2022,a 57-year-old man with terminal heart disease became the first living human to receive a genetically modified pig organ—a heart—transplanted into his chest during a 8 h surgery at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore,MD,USA(Fig.1)[1].The pig heart,provided by the biotechnology company Revivicor(Blacksburg,VA,USA),had ten gene modifications intended to boost the chances of a successful pig-to-human transplant.

关键词： Maryland Human boost

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Particle image velocimetry evaluation of flow-altering countermeasures for local scour around a submerged circular cylinder

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第4期37卷 411-423页

作者： Priscilla williams Ram Balachandar Vesselina Roussinova Ronald Barron Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Windsor Department of Mechanical Automotive and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Windsor Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Windsor

The effect of scour countermeasures on the mechanism of local scour around a cylinder requires clarification in order to develop design methodology for use in practice. Previous investigations on countermeasure performance, though useful, have not provided adequate measurements to support this understanding. In the present investigation, particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurements were acquired at several streamwise-vertical planes in the flow field surrounding a submerged circular cylinder with a vertical splitter plate and with a rectangular collar(a horizontal base plate). Analysis of the distribution of mean streamwise velocity and Reynolds shear stress as well as the scour formation indicated that the splitter plate disrupted shear layer interaction in the wake region, reducing the width of scour downstream of the cylinder by 3%. The collar eliminated scour upstream of the cylinder entirely by providing protection at the sides of the cylinder where the shear stress exceeds the critical bed shear stress, and the streamwise velocity distribution in the region between the cylinder and the channel sidewall indicated that installation of a rectangular collar causes flow separation at a point further upstream on the cylinder surface.

关键词： Scour and erosion Local scour Pier scour Scour countermeasures Hydraulic modelling Particle image velocimetry (PIV)

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Structure and mechanics of native and decellularized porcine cranial dura mater

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再生工程(英文) 2023年第2期4卷 205-213页

作者： Ashma Sharma Jun Liao Lakiesha N.williams J.Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX 76010United States

The dura mater is the outermost layer of meninges and consists of a dense elastic membrane that keeps cere-brospinal fluid inside the *** most cranial surgical interventions,the dura mater is incised and needs to be repaired with a graft *** assessed decellularized porcine dura mater as a novel graft material by quantifying the mechanical and structural properties of the dura *** dura mater was decellular-ized using the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate(SDS)technique and subjected to uniaxial tensile testing,micro indentation testing,histological analysis,and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM).For native dura,we found the tensile modulus in the linear region(15%-25%strain)to be 19.31±1.23 MPa,with an initial tensile modulus(0%-3.5%strain range)of 451±0.30 kPa,and the failure stress as 4.61±1.50 MPa at 35%*** decellularized dura,the tensile modulus in the linear region was 10.81±0.88 MPa,the initial tensile modulus was 226±22 kPa,and the failure stress was 4.55±1.05 MPa at 55%*** effective compressive modulus was 7 to 19 kPa and 19-57 kPa for the native dura and the decellularized dura,*** histological and TEM observations showed that the orientation of fibers within the dura was maintained after *** short,our study demonstrated that decellularized porcine dura was able to maintain its overall morphological/structural integrity and preserve the native dura’s mechanical behavior,which provides a solid foundation for its use as a functional grafting material.

关键词： Cranial dura Decellularization Mechanical properties

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