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ABCDE—agile block chain DApp engineering

Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2020年第1期1卷 18-35页

作者： lodovica.ma.chesi Michele marchesi Roberto Tonelli DMI University of CagliariCagliari09124Italy

Blockchain software development is becoming more and more important for any modern software developer and IT ***,blockchain software production still lacks a disciplined,organized and mature development process,as demonstrated by the many and(in)famous failures and frauds occurred in recent *** this paper we present ABCDE,a complete method addressing blockchain software *** method considers the software integration among the blockchain components—smart contracts,libraries,data structures—and the out-of-chain components,such as web or mobile applications,which all together constitute a complete DApp *** advocate for ABCDE the use of agile practices,because these are suited to develop systems whose requirements are not completely understood since the beginning,or tend to change,as it is the case of most blockchain-based *** is based on Scrum,and is therefore iterative and *** Scrum,we kept the requirement gathering with user stories,the iterative-incremental approach,the key roles,and the *** main difference with Scrum is the separation of development activities in two flows—one for smart contracts and the other for out-of-chain software interacting with the blockchain—each performed iteratively,with integration activities every 2–3 *** makes explicit the activities that must be performed to design,develop,test and integrate smart contracts and out-of-chain software,and documents the smart contracts using formal diagrams to help development,security assessment,and maintenance.A diagram derived from UML class diagram helps to effectively model the data structure of smart contracts,whereas the exchange of messages between the entities of the system is modeled using a modified UML sequence *** proposed method has also specific activities for security assessment and gas optimization,through systematic use of patterns and *** focuses on Ethereum blockchain and its

关键词： Blockchain Smart contracts Blockchain-oriented software engineering UML DApp design

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A blockchain architecture for industrial applications

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第4期3卷 1-13页

作者： lodovica.ma.chesi Michele marchesi Roberto Tonelli maria Ilaria Lunesu Department of mathematics and Computer Science University of CagliariCagliari09124Italy

Blockchain and the programs running on it,called smart contracts,are increasingly applied in all fields where trust and strong certifications are *** work focuses on industrial applications of blockchains and not on cryptocurrencies or *** use frameworks to compare public and permissioned blockchains specifically suited for industrial *** also propose a complete solution based on Ethereum to implement a decentralized application,putting together in an original way,components and patterns already used and *** solution is characterized by a set of validator nodes running the blockchain using Proof-of-Authority or similar efficient consensus algorithms,by the use of an explorer enabling users to check the blockchain state,and the source code of the smart contracts running on *** time to time,the hash digest of the last mined block is written into a public blockchain to guarantee *** right to send transactions is granted by validator nodes to users by endowing them with the Ethers mined ***,the proposed approach has the same transparency and immutability as a public blockchain,largely reducing its drawbacks.

关键词： Permissioned blockchain Industrial application Information system Software application Ethereum

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Biological and molecular interplay between two viruses and powdery and downy mildews in two grapevine cultivars

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 408-421页

作者： Giovanna Gilardi Walter Chitarra Amedeo Moine Monica Mezzalama Paolo Boccacci massimo Pugliese maria lodovica Gullino Giorgio Gambino Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental sector(AGROINNOVA) University of TorinoLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoItaly Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection National Research Council(IPSP-CNR)Strada delle Cacce 7310135 TorinoItaly Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology Council for Agricultural Research and Economics(CREA-VE)Via XXVIII Aprile 2631015 ConeglianoItaly Department of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences(DISAFA)University of TorinoLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoItaly

Grapevine may be affected simultaneously by several pathogens whose complex interplay is largely *** studied the effects of infection by two grapevine viruses on powdery mildew and downy mildew development and the molecular modifications induced in grapevines by their multiple *** fanleaf virus(GFLV)and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus(GRSPaV)were transmitted by in vitro-grafting to Vitis vinifera cv Nebbiolo and Chardonnay virus-free plantlets regenerated by somatic *** were then artificially inoculated in the greenhouse with either Plasmopara viticola or Erysiphe necator ***-infected plants showed a reduction in severity of the diseases caused by powdery and downy mildews in comparison to virus-free *** induced the overexpression of stilbene synthase genes,pathogenesis-related proteins,and influenced the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in *** transcriptional changes suggest improved innate plant immunity,which makes the GFLV-infected grapevines less susceptible to other biotic ***,however,cannot be extrapolated to GRSPaV as it was unable to promote protection against the fungal/oomycete *** these multiple interactions,the grapevine genotype seemed to have a crucial role:in‘Nebbiolo’,the virus-induced molecular changes were different from those observed in‘Chardonnay’,suggesting that different metabolic pathways may be involved in protection against fungal/oomycete *** results indicate that complex interactions do exist between grapevine and its different pathogens and represent the first study on a topic that still is largely unexplored.

关键词： mildew powdery cultivar

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Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infection in inflammatory bowel disease:Need for mucosal viral load measurement

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第6期21卷 1915-1926页

作者： Rachele Ciccocioppo Francesca Racca Stefania Paolucci Giulia Campanini lodovica Pozzi Elena Betti Roberta Riboni Alessandro Vanoli Fausto Baldanti Gino Roberto Corazza Centre for the Study and Cure of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinica Medica I IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation University of Pavia SS Virologia Molecolare - SC Virologia e Microbiologia Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Servizio di Endoscopia Digestiva Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Servizio di Anatomia Patologica Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San matteo

AIM:To evaluate the best diagnostic technique and risk factors of the human Cytomegalovirus(HCMV)and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:A cohort of 40 IBD patients(17 refractory)and 40 controls underwent peripheral blood and endoscopic colonic mucosal sample *** infection was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry,and correlations with clinical and endoscopic indexes of activity,and risk factors were ***:All refractory patients carried detectable levels of HCMV and/or EBV mucosal load as comparedto 13/23(56.5%)non-refractory and 13/40(32.5%)*** median DNA value was significantly higher in refractory(HCMV 286 and EBV 5.440 copies/105cells)than in non-refractory(HCMV 0 and EBV 6copies/105 cells;Pmanagement require quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of mucosal specime

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease quantitative real-time

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芝麻菜品种对尖镰孢菌枯萎病的抗性评价(英文)

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植物保护学报 2007年第1期34卷 37-45页

作者：陈国康 Gilardi Giovanna Gullino maria lodovica 西南大学植物保护学院都灵大学农业环境竞争与创新中心

尖镰孢菌枯萎病是意大利西北部芝麻菜栽培品种（Eruca vesicaria）和野生品种（Diplotaxisspp．）上的重要病害之一，常引起严重的损失。为评价芝麻菜品种对尖镰孢菌枯萎病的抗性，2004年6-11月，选用了44个栽培及野生品种资源在玻璃温... 详细信息

尖镰孢菌枯萎病是意大利西北部芝麻菜栽培品种（Eruca vesicaria）和野生品种（Diplotaxisspp．）上的重要病害之一，常引起严重的损失。为评价芝麻菜品种对尖镰孢菌枯萎病的抗性，2004年6-11月，选用了44个栽培及野生品种资源在玻璃温室进行抗性试验，使用浓度为1×10^6cfu／mL的孢子悬浮液蘸根法人工接种30天苗龄的芝麻菜幼苗，以分离自芝麻菜两个不同野生品种的菌株***．9A／02和***．13／03，以及分离自栽培和野生品种的32个菌株混合（MIX），分别作为抗病试验接种体，每次接种试验设A、B、C三个重复。整个试验重复进行2次。调查病害引起的死苗率（％）和病情指数（DI），作为评价芝麻菜品种抗性差异的两项指标。研究结果显示，这两项指标间的相关性极显著（P〈0．01），即表明可采用其中一项指标评价芝麻菜品种对尖镰孢菌枯萎病的抗性。供试的44个栽培及野生芝麻菜品种中，多数品种抗尖镰孢菌菌株***．13／03，而对菌株***．9A／02及菌株混合MIX表现为易感性，而且这些易感品种在菌株***．9A／02及菌株混合MIx两试验中的抗性表现较为一致，***．9A／02和MIx的毒性也更强于***．13／03菌株。芝麻菜品种12／03和品种20／03高抗菌株混合MIX，品种6／03和品种7／04高抗菌株Fus、Ruc．9A／02，而品种9／02、2／03、5／03、6／03、7／03、9／03、1I／03、12／03、20／03、21／03、24／03、3／04、6／04、7／04和11／04高抗菌株***．13／03。

关键词：尖镰孢菌枯萎病抗病性芝麻菜抗性评价

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CO_2和温度升高情况下白粉菌侵染对西葫芦生长特性的影响

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生态学报 2011年第2期31卷 491-497页

作者：刘俊稚葛亚明 Pugliese massimo Garibaldi Angelo Gullino maria lodovica 田光明浙江大学环境工程系 Centre of Competence in the Agro-environmental Sector(AGROINNOVA) University of TorinoGrugliasco 10095Italy

植物病害是降低植物产量和产品品质的重要因素,但对其在气候变化情景下如何影响植物的研究鲜见报道。利用封闭式人工气候室模拟不同环境处理,探讨了大气CO2浓度增加和温度升高情况下白粉菌(Podosphaera xanthii)侵染对西葫芦(Cucurbita ... 详细信息

植物病害是降低植物产量和产品品质的重要因素,但对其在气候变化情景下如何影响植物的研究鲜见报道。利用封闭式人工气候室模拟不同环境处理,探讨了大气CO2浓度增加和温度升高情况下白粉菌(Podosphaera xanthii)侵染对西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo)生长发育的影响。结果表明,单独CO2加富(EC)增强了西葫芦光合作用(P<0.05),促进了植株生长和果实生产;CO2浓度和温度同时升高(ECT)也促进了光合作用(P<0.05),加速了植株器官发育,但限制了叶片叶绿素合成和叶片面积生长,最终明显降低了植株地上部分干物质积累和果实产量(P<0.05)。和对照相比,EC处理下白粉菌的生长繁殖没有明显变化,但由于西葫芦植株的抗病性有所改善,植株病情指数略有下降;而ECT处理下白粉菌的发育繁殖明显改善,***菌落规模和产孢能力极大提高(P<0.01),植物病情指数显著加重(P<0.01),作物严重减产(P<0.01)。可见,在未来以CO2浓度和温度升高为特征的气候变化条件下,白粉菌倾向于加重对西葫芦的侵染。这个结论对其他葫芦科白粉病的防治管理也有借鉴作用。

关键词：全球气候变化西葫芦白粉菌植物病害生长特性

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抗根结线虫砧木对番茄生长及产量的影响

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园艺学报 2007年第5期34卷 1305-1308页

作者：董道峰曹志平王秀徽胡菊 maria lodovica Gullino 山东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所济南250100 中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100094 都灵大学农业环境创新中心意大利都灵4410059

以引自国外的3种抗性砧木为材料,研究抗性砧木嫁接对番茄根结线虫的控制作用及对番茄生长发育和产量的影响。田间试验结果表明:3种抗性砧木与FA189接穗完全亲和,嫁接对植株叶绿素含量和果实品质没有影响,但使植株的生长发育延迟;3种抗... 详细信息

以引自国外的3种抗性砧木为材料,研究抗性砧木嫁接对番茄根结线虫的控制作用及对番茄生长发育和产量的影响。田间试验结果表明:3种抗性砧木与FA189接穗完全亲和,嫁接对植株叶绿素含量和果实品质没有影响,但使植株的生长发育延迟;3种抗性砧木嫁接取得了对根结线虫很好的控制效果,产量增加15%～20%左右。

关键词：番茄抗性砧木嫁接根结线虫

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Grafting,metham sodium,soil solarization and virtually impermeable films as alternative technologies to methyl bromide for Chinese protected tomatoes

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Ecological Economy 2009年第2期5卷 177-186页

作者： Han Xuemei Cao Zhiping Chen Yunfeng Chen Guokang Andrea Camponogara Yang Hang maria lodovica Gullino College of Resources and Environmental Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P. R. China Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the agro-environmentat sector （AGROINNOVA） University of Torino Via Leonardo Da Vinci n. 44. Grugliasco （TO） 10095 Italy

In the frame of the Sino-ltalian Cooperation Program for Environmental Protection, jointly launched in the year 2000 by the Italian Ministry for Environment and Territory and Sea （IMETS） and the China State Environmental Protection Administration （SEPA）, experimental trials were carried out in Qingzhou city （Shandong Province, China） during 2001-2003 to test several methyl bromide alternative methods to control soilborne diseases in greenhouse tomatoes. Grafting tomatoes on resistant rootstock （Lyeopersicon lycopersicum × L. hirsutum）, metham sodium applied under traditional polyethylene plastic films; metham sodium applied at low rate under virtually impermeable films and soil sotarization combined with biocontrol agents were the alternatives tested and compared to methyl bromide applied under virtually impermeable plastic films too. Collected data show that resistant rootstock （Lycopersicon tycopersicum × L. hirsutum） introduced from Italy is a promising alternative to methyl bromide for local tomato cultivars. Metham sodium applied under traditional polyethylene plastic films is an effective alternative. Moreovez virtually impermeable films demonstrate the help to reduce methyl bromide and metham sodium rates. Finally soil solarization combined with biocontrol agents does not provide satisfactory results in terms of disease control.

关键词： International cooperation Methyl bromide Soil disinfestation Soilborne pathogens

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芝麻菜品种对尖镰孢菌枯萎病的抗性评价

芝麻菜品种对尖镰孢菌枯萎病的抗性评价

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中国植物病理学会2006年学术年会

作者：陈国康 Giovanna Gilardi M．lodovica Gullino 西南大学植物保护学院 Centre of Competence for the Innovation in Agro-Environmental Sector （AGRINNOVA） University of TorinoVia Leonardo Da Vinci 4410095 Centre of Competence for the Innovation in Agro-Environmental Sector （AGRINNOVA） University of TorinoVia Leonardo Da Vinci 4410095

＜正＞尖镰孢菌枯萎病（Fusarium oxysporum）是意大利西北部芝麻菜栽培品种（Eruca vesicaria）和野生品种（Diplotaxis spp．）上的重要病害之一,常引起严重的损失。为评价芝麻菜品种对尖镰孢菌枯萎病的抗性,2004年6-11月,本研究选用...

＜正＞尖镰孢菌枯萎病（Fusarium oxysporum）是意大利西北部芝麻菜栽培品种（Eruca vesicaria）和野生品种（Diplotaxis spp．）上的重要病害之一,常引起严重的损失。为评价芝麻菜品种对尖镰孢菌枯萎病的抗性,2004年6-11月,本研究选用了44个栽培及野生品种资源在玻璃自动化温室进行抗性试验,使用浓度为1×106 CFU／ml的孢子悬浮液蘸根法人工

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