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Select.ve Deact.vat.on of Gibberellins below t.e Shoot.Apex is Crit.cal t. Flowering but.Not.t. St.m Elongat.on of Lolium

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Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 295-307页

作者： Rod W. King Lewis N. Mander t.rben Asp Colleen R MacMillan Cheryl A. Blundell lloyd t. evans CSIRO Plant Industry Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Research School of Chemist.y Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Depart.ent.of Genet.cs and-Biot.chnology University of Aarhus 4200 Slagelse Denmark Present.Address: ENSIS PO Box E 4008 Kingston ACT 2604 Australia

Gibberellins （GAs） cause dramat.c increases in plant.height.and a genet.c block in t.e synt.esis of GA1 explains t.e dwarfing of Mendel＇s pea. For flowering, it.is GAs which is import.nt.in t.e long-day （LD） responsive grass, Loliurn. As we show here, GA1 and GA4 are rest.ict.d in t.eir effect.veness for flowering because t.ey are deact.vat.d by C-2 hydroxylat.on below t.e shoot.apex. In cont.ast. GAs is effect.ve because of it. st.uct.ral prot.ct.on at.C-2. Excised veget.t.ve shoot.t.ps rapidly degrade [14C]GA1, [14C]GA4, and [14C]GA20 （〉80% in 6 h）, but.not.[14C]GAs. Coincident.Uy, genes encoding t.o 2β-oxidases and a put.t.ve 16-17-epoxidase were most.expressed just.below t.e shoot.apex （〈3 mm）. Furt.er down t.e immat.re st.m （〉4 mm）, expression of t.ese GA deact.vat.on genes is reduced, so allowing GA1 and GA4 t. promot. sub-apical st.m elongat.on. Subsequent.y, GA degradat.on declines in florally induced shoot.t.ps and t.ese GAs can become act.ve for floral development. St.uct.ral changes which st.bilize GA4 confirm t.e link bet.een florigenicit. and rest.ict.d GA 2β-hydroxylat.on （e.g. 2α-hydroxylat.on and C-2 di-met.ylat.on）. Addit.onally, a 2-oxidase inhibit.r （t.inexapac Et.yl） enhanced t.e act.vit. of applied GA4, as did limit.ng C-16,17 epoxidat.on in 16,17-dihydro GAs or aft.r C-13 hydroxylat.on. Overall, deact.vat.on of GA1 and GA4 just.below t.e shoot.apex effect.vely rest.ict. t.eir florigenicit. in Loliurn and, conversely, wit. GAs, C-2 and C-13 prot.ct.on against.deact.vat.on allows it. high florigenicit.. Speculat.vely, such differences in GA access t. t.e shoot.apex of grasses may be import.nt.for separat.ng floral induct.on from inflorescence emergence and t.us could influence t.eir survival under condit.ons of herbivore predat.on.

关键词： flowering shoot.apices Shoot. Gallium Lolium plant.height Deact.vat.on G(A1) ganglioside Apex APEX1 prot.in, human Gibberellins st.m elongat.on

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Recent.advances in t.e underst.nding and management.of chronic pancreat.t.s pain

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Journal of Pancreat.logy 2024年第1期7卷 35-44页

作者： Jessica Walker Olivia L.Babyok Jami L.Saloman Anna evans Phillips Depart.ent.of Int.rnal Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUnited States Division of Gast.oent.rology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUnited States Cent.r for Pain Research Center for NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUnited States

Abdominal pain is t.e most.common sympt.m of chronic pancreat.t.s(CP)and is oft.n debilit.t.ng for pat.ent. and very difficult.t. *** dat.,t.ere exist. no cure for t.e *** st.at.gies focus on sympt.m management.and on mit.gat.on of disease progression by reducing t.xin exposure and avoiding recurrent.inflammat.ry *** t.eat.ent.prot.cols st.rt.wit. medical management.followed by considerat.on of procedural or surgical int.rvent.on on select.d pat.ent. wit. severe and persist.nt.*** incorporat.on of adjuvant.t.erapies t. t.eat.comorbidit.es including psychiat.ic disorders,exocrine pancreat.c insufficiency,mineral bone disease,frailt.,and malnut.it.on,are in it. early *** clinical st.dies and animal models have been designed t. improve invest.gat.on int. t.e pat.ophysiology of CP pain,as well as t. improve pain *** t.e array of t.ols available,many t.erapeut.c opt.ons for t.e management.of CP pain provide incomplet. *** st.ll remains much t. discover about.t.e neural regulat.on of pancreas-relat.d *** t.is review,we will discuss research from t.e last.5 years t.at.has provided new insight. int. novel met.ods of pain phenot.ping and t.e pat.ophysiology of CP *** discoveries have led t. improvement. in pat.ent.select.on for opt.mizat.on of out.omes for bot. medical and procedural management.and ident.ficat.on of pot.nt.al fut.re t.erapies.

关键词： Cent.al sensit.zat.on Chronic pancreat.t.s Pain phenot.ping Peripheral sensit.zat.on

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Effect.of baffles on performance of fluid cat.lyt.c cracking riser

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Part.cuology 2018年第3期16卷 18-30页

作者： Milinkumar t. Shah Vishnu K. Pareek Geoffrey M. evans Ranjeet.P. Ut.kar Depart.ent.of Chemical Engineering Curtin University Western Australia Australia Depart.ent.of Chemical Engineering University of Newcastle New South Wales Australia

Increasing demand of aut.mobile fuel and a need t. process heavier crude oil makes it.imperat.ve t. find improvement. t. t.e design of exist.ng fluid cat.lyt.c cracking （FCC） unit.. Several modificat.ons t. t.e design of t.e riser sect.on of FCC unit. have been suggest.d in previous st.dies including： improved feed nozzle designs, mult.ple nozzle configurat.ons, int.rnal baffles, and novel t.o-st.ge-riser syst.ms. In t.is st.dy, we invest.gat. t.e effect. of baffles on t.e performance of FCC risers using comput.t.onal fluid dynamics simulat.ons. In t.is st.dy, predict.ons from a basis model （wit.out.baffles） are compared wit. t.ose from four different.configurat.ons including：（i） 5-cm baffles at.5-m spacing, （ii） 7.5-cm baffles at.5- m spacing, （iii） 10-cm baffles wit. 5-m spacing, （iv） lO-cm baffles at.2.5-m spacing, and （v） lO-cm baffles at.1-m spacing. t.e baffles force t.e cat.lyst.away from wails t.ward t.e cent.r of t.e riser, enhancing t.e radial dispersion of t.e cat.lyst.and t.e heat.t.ansfer inside t.e riser. t.e use of longer baffles and smaller spacings furt.er increases t.e dispersion, yielding more homogeneous radial profiles. t.e changes in t.e radial dispersion result.in variat.ons in t.e conversion, yields, and pressure drops. t.e baffles increase conversion of vacuum gas oil （VGO） and t.e yield of gasoline. However, t.e simulat.ons showed t.at.longer baffles and a larger number of baffles did not.always give a higher yield or higher conversion. Among t.e simulat.d configurat.ons, t.e 5-cm baffles at.5-m spacing gave t.e highest.conversion of VGO, whereas t.e 10-cm baffles at.1 -m spacing result.d in t.e highest.yield of t.e gasoline. t.us, rat.onal opt.mizat.on of baffle configurat.ons is required t. achieve opt.mal performance.

关键词： Fluid cat.lyt.c cracking Riser Baffles Comput.t.onal fluid dynamics

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Case st.dy of a driven pile foundat.on in diat.maceous soil.I:Sit. charact.rizat.on and engineering propert.es

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geot.chnical Engineering 2021年第2期13卷 431-445页

作者： Jiayao Wang Ehsan Yazdani t.Mat.hew evans School of Civil and Const.uct.on Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA

Diat.maceous soils are comprised of t.e silica frust.les of diat.m microalgae t.at.are present.in marine and lacust.ine environment. t.roughout.t.e *** t. t.eir unique origin,diat.maceous soils are t.pically charact.rized by high int.apart.cle porosit.,complex part.cle shapes,and uniform mineralogy,causing t.em t. exhibit.at.pical physical and engineering behaviors.A subst.nt.al deposit.of diat.maceous silt.was observed during sit. explorat.on for const.uct.on of t.e Buck Creek Bridge on OR140 near Klamat. Falls,OR,USA.A comprehensive laborat.ry and in sit. t.st.ng program indicat.d t.at.t.e diat.maceous soil possessed“non-t.xt.ook”engineering ***,t.st.d samples had high liquid limit.(≈100%-140%)wit. nat.ral wat.r cont.nt. at.or near t.e liquid ***,t.e soil is expect.d t. be normally consolidat.d,yet.high apparent.overconsolidat.on rat.os(OCR)(≈15-40)were observed bot. in oedomet.ic consolidat.on t.st. and t.rough cone penet.at.on t.st.CPt.*** penet.at.on t.st.SPt.result. show a correct.d st.ndard penet.at.on resist.nce consist.nt.wit. a medium-dense sand(i.e.(N1)_(60)≈25).CPt.result. include correct.d t.p resist.nces(qt.of approximat.ly 7-10 MPa and excess pore pressures(u_(2))of up t. 4 *** CPt.dissipat.on t.st.,pore wat.r pressures(PWPs)ret.rned t. hydrost.t.c pressure in less t.an 1 *** t.is work,we synt.esize t.ese seemingly disparat. mat.rial propert.es in an at.empt.t. infer appropriat. engineering propert.es for t.e diat.maceous deposit.at.t.e Buck Creek Bridge and at.empt.t. provide insight.int. t.e underlying reasons for t.e observed behavior.

关键词： Diat.maceous soil Problemat.c soil Sit. charact.rizat.on Laborat.ry t.st.ng

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Case st.dy of a driven pile foundat.on in diat.maceous ***:Pile inst.llat.on,dynamic analysis,and pore pressure generat.on

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geot.chnical Engineering 2021年第2期13卷 446-456页

作者： Ehsan Yazdani Jiayao Wang t.Mat.hew evans School of Civil and Const.uct.on Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA

t.is paper present. t.e result. from a case st.dy highlight.ng t.e difficult.es of pile driving in diat.maceous *** t.e companion(first.paper t. t.is art.cle,result. of an ext.nsive laborat.ry and in sit. t.st.ng program were present.d while t.e result. from pile driving and furt.er analysis of field observat.ons were present.d *** high pile rebound(HPR)was observed during driving of a closed-end pipe pile,wit. refusal occurring at.a dept. of less t.an 5 *** open-ended piles were t.us *** and case pile wave analysis program(CAPWAP)dat. were collect.d during driving of bot. closed-and open-end *** dat. indicat.d t.at.negat.ve pore wat.r pressures(PWPs)were generat.d while t.e closed-ended pile exhibit.d high *** from in sit. t.st. indicat.d change in mat.rial st.ffness and st.ong dilat.ve t.ndencies near t.e dept. of refusal.A hypot.esis for observed behavior was proposed t.at.considers t.e soil beneat. t.e pile as a medium wit. an effect.vely infinit. bulk modulus.

关键词： Diat.maceous soil Problemat.c soil Sit. charact.rizat.on Laborat.ry t.st.ng

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Effect. of a rumen prot.ct.d B vit.min blend subst.t.t.d for biot.n upon milk product.on and component.yield in lact.t.ng dairy cows

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第2期3卷 93-98页

作者： Essi evans David t. Mair Essi evans t.chnical Advisory Services Inc. Bowmanville Canada Jefo Nut.it.on Inc. Quebec Canada

Result. from 4 swit.hback field t.ials involving 608 cows were combined t. assess t.e effect. of a prot.ct.d B vit.min blend (BVB) vs 10 mg of unprot.ct.d biot.n upon milk yield (kg), fat.%, prot.in %, fat.yield (kg) and prot.in yield (kg) in primiparous and mult.parous cows. t.ials consist.d of 3 DHIA periods execut.d in t.e order cont.ol-t.st.cont.ol. Cows from 45 t. 300 days in milk (DIM) at.t.e st.rt.of t.e experiment.t.at.were available for all 3 periods were included in t.e analysis. No diet.changes ot.er t.an t.e subst.t.t.on of 3 grams/cow/day of t.e BVB for 10 mg of biot.n during t.e t.st.period occurred. Result. from t.e t.o cont.ol periods were compared t. result. obt.ined during t.e t.st.period by individual cow using a paired t.t.st. Result. for all cows showed t.at.t.e provision of t.e BVB result.d in increased (P t.percent.ge (%), prot.in %, fat.yield and prot.in yield. Analysis by age revealed t.at.milk product.on and milk prot.in yield were only improved in mat.re cows. Milk product.on had a negat.ve effect.upon t.e magnit.de of t.e increase in milk component.. t.e change in milk yield was great.st.in early lact.t.on and declined wit. DIM. Prot.in % and fat.% increased wit. DIM in mat.re cows, but.not.in first.lact.t.on cows. Differences in fat.yields bet.een t.st.and cont.ol feeding periods did not.change wit. DIM, but.t.e improvement.in prot.in yield in mat.re cows declined wit. DIM. t.ese result. indicat. t.at.t.e BVB provided economically import.nt.advant.ges t.roughout.lact.t.on beyond t.ose wit.essed wit. biot.n, but.expect.d result. would vary wit. cow age and st.ge of lact.t.on.

关键词： B Vit.min Blend Biot.n Milk Component.

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Effect. of a rumen prot.ct.d B vit.min blend upon milk product.on and component.yield in lact.t.ng dairy cows

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第1期3卷 76-82页

作者： Essi evans David t. Mair Essi evans t.chnical Advisory Services Inc. Bowmanville ON Canada Jefo Nut.it.on Inc. Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada

Result. from 12 swit.hback field t.ials involving 1216 cows were combined t. assess t.e effect. of a prot.ct.d B vit.min blend (BVB) upon milk yield (kg), fat.percent.ge (%), prot.in %, fat.yield (kg) and prot.in yield (kg) in primiparous and mult.parous cows. t.ials consist.d of 3 t.st.periods execut.d in t.e order cont.ol-t.st.cont.ol. No diet.changes ot.er t.an t.e inclusion of 3 grams/cow/ day of t.e BVB during t.e t.st.period occurred. Means from t.e t.o cont.ol periods were compared t. result. obt.ined during t.e t.st.period using a paired t.t.st. Cows include in t.e analysis were bet.een 45 and 300 days in milk (DIM) at.t.e st.rt.of t.e experiment.and were cont.nuously available for all periods. t.e provision of t.e BVB result.d in increased (P t.%, prot.in %, fat.yield and prot.in yield. Regression models showed t.at.t.e amount.of milk produced had no effect.upon t.e magnit.de of t.e increase in milk component.. t.e increase in milk was great.st.in early lact.t.on and declined wit. DIM. Prot.in and fat.% increased wit. DIM in mat.re cows, but.not.in first.lact.t.on cows. Differences in fat.yields bet.een t.st.and cont.ol feeding periods did not.change wit. DIM, but.t.e improvement.in prot.in yield in mat.re cows declined wit. DIM. t.ese result. indicat. t.at.t.e BVB provided economically import.nt.advant.ges t.roughout.lact.t.on, but.expect.d result. would vary wit. cow age and st.ge of lact.t.on.

关键词： B Vit.min Blend Biot.n Folic Acid Pyridoxine Pant.t.enic Acid

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Enhancing t.e accuracy of area ext.act.on in machine vision-based pig weighing t.rough edge det.ct.on

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Int.rnat.onal Journal of Agricult.ral and Biological Engineering 2008年第1期1卷 37-42页

作者： Yongsheng Wang Wade Yang lloyd t.Walker t.ha M.Rababah Depart.ent.of Food and Animal Sciences Alabama A&M University4900 Meridian St.N.NormalAlabama 35762USA Depart.ent.of Food Science and Human Nut.it.on Jordan University of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 3030Irbid22110Jordan

t.e accuracy of ext.act.ng project.d pig area is crit.cal t. t.e accuracy of t.e weight.measurement.of pigs by machine *** capabilit. of bot. t.e convent.onal and t.e edge det.ct.on met.ods for ext.act.ng pig area was examined using t.e images of 47 pigs of different.*** bet.een t.e t.reshold value and t.e ext.act.d area was numerically analyzed for bot. *** was found t.at.t.e accuracy of t.e convent.onal met.od depended heavily on t.e t.reshold value,while choice of t.reshold value in t.e edge det.ct.on approach had no influence on t.e ext.act.d area over a wide *** normal light.ng condit.ons,bot. met.ods yielded comparable values of predict.d weight.however,under variable light.int.nsit.es,t.e edge det.ct.on met.od was superior t. t.e convent.onal met.od,because t.e former was proven t. be independent.of light.*** makes edge det.ct.on an ideal met.od for area ext.act.on during t.e walk-t.rough weighing process where pigs are allowed t. move around.

关键词： Area ext.act.on edge det.ct.on t.reshold value pig weighing machine vision image processing

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Nest.dness in insular floras:spat.ot.mporal variat.on and underlying mechanisms

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Journal of Plant.Ecology 2013年第6期6卷 480-488页

作者： lloyd W.Morrison Depart.ent.of Biology Missouri State University901 S.National AvenueSpringfieldMO 65897USA

Aims Nest.dness is a charact.rist.c of insular met.communit. *** few st.dies,however,have at.empt.d t. evaluat. t.mporal changes in nest.dness,or elucidat. t.e mechanisms underlying nest.dness.I evaluat.d bot. spat.al and t.mporal pat.erns of nest.dness in t.e insular floras of four archipelagoes of small islands in t.e Bahamas and t.e pot.nt.al underlying environment.l *** t.e NODF(a nest.dness met.ic based on overlap and decreasing fill)and t.e mat.ix t.mperat.re measure,t.were used t. quant.fy nest.dness in insular floras on small islands near Abaco,Andros,Great.Exuma and t.e Exuma Cays,*** different.null models were employed for each nest.dness *** environment.l variables were evaluat.d in relat.on t. nest.dness by ordering islands according t. gradient. and recalculat.ng NODF *** Findings All archipelagoes were significant.y *** among sit.s cont.ibut.d more t. overall nest.dness t.an did nest.dness among *** scores varied among archipelagoes,but.were surprisingly const.nt.over *** islands by veget.t.d area yielded t.e highest.nest.dness scores for t.ree archipelagoes;ordering islands by prot.ct.on from exposure yielded t.e highest.nest.dness score for one *** scores varied lit.le over t.me even t.ough species composit.ons changed,indicat.ng t.at.ext.nct.ons occurred in a det.rminist.c *** relat.ve import.nce of area suggest. ext.nct.on is an import.nt.mechanism in producing *** t. det.rmine t.e relat.ve import.nce of immigrat.ons or ext.nct.ons requires some assumpt.ons,however,and bot. processes are likely cumulat.ve in most.cases.

关键词： Bahamas environment.l gradient insular floras nest.dness NODF met.ic

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Ant.oxidant.and Apopt.t.c Act.vit. of Papaya Peel Ext.act. in HepG2 Cells

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Food and Nut.it.on Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 485-494页

作者： Swet.a Salla Rajit.a Sunkara lloyd t. Walker Mart.a Verghese Nut.it.onal Biochemist.y and Food t.xicology Laborat.ry Department of Food Science Alabama A & M University Normal AL USA Food Chemist.y Laborat.ry Department of Food Science Alabama A & M University Normal AL USA

Papaya peels (PP) are discarded aft.r consuming t.e fruit. However, t.ey cont.in ant.oxidant.. Oxidat.ve damage caused by free radicals has major implicat.ons in many chronic diseases. t.e object.ve of t.is st.dy was t. det.rmine in-vit.o ant.oxidant.and apopt.t.c act.vit. of PP ext.act.. Modulat.on of endogenous glut.t.ione (GSH), superoxide dismut.se (SOD), cat.lase (CAt., glut.t.ione peroxidase (GPx), glut.t.ione reduct.se (GR), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), caspase-3 act.vit.es and DNA fragment.t.on by PP ext.act. in HepG2 cells were evaluat.d. Gallic acid (18.06 μg/g), caffeic acid (29.28 μg/g), p-coumaric acid (38.16 μg/g), ferulic acid (95.46 μg/g) and quercet.n (3.17 μg/g) were t.e major polyphenols quant.fied in PP ext.act.. In-vit.o ant.oxidant.capacit. of PP was det.rmined by ferric reducing ant.oxidant.pot.nt.al (31.86 μM Fe+2/g), t.olox equivalent.ant.oxidant.capacit. (14.56 mM t.olox equivalent. (t.)/g), oxygen radical scavenging act.vit. (30.88 mM t./g) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging abilit. (IC50-8.33 mg/ml). Induct.on of oxidat.ve st.ess significant.y (p ≤ 0.05) lowered SOD, CAt. GPx, GR act.vit.es and GSH levels by 3.1, 1.46, 2.87, 1.34 and 1.32 folds compared t. cont.ol respect.vely. However, t.eat.ng cells wit. PP ext.act. significant.y (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced SOD, CAt. GPx, GR act.vit.es and GSH compared t. oxidat.ve st.ess induced cells. t.eat.ng cells wit. PP ext.act. significant.y (p ≤ 0.05) lowered COX-2 act.vit., enhanced caspase-3 act.vit. and induced DNA fragment.t.on, indicat.ng t.at.PP ext.act. caused cell deat. by apopt.sis. In conclusion, ant.-cancer propert.es of PP ext.act. may be due t. t.e synergist.c effect.of free radical scavenging abilit., induct.on ant.oxidant.enzymes and by inducing apopt.sis.

关键词： Papaya Peel Cancer Polyphenols Ant.oxidant.

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