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Molecularly specific detection of bacterial lipoteichoic acid for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection of the bone

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Bone Research 2018年第2期6卷 189-196页

作者： Julie E.Pickett John M.Thompson Agnieszka sadowska Christine Tkaczyk Bret R.sellman Andrea Minola Davide Corti Antonio Lanzavecchia lloyd s.miller Daniel LJ Thorek Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineGaithersburgMDUSA Department of Orthopaedic surgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Infectious Disease MedImmune LLCGaithersburgMDUSA Humabs Bio Med sA BellinzonaSwitzerland Institute for Research in Biomedicine Universitàdella Svizzera italianaBellinzonaSwitzerland Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA Division of Infectious Disease Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Cancer Molecular and Functional Imaging Program Department of OncologySidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205USA

Discriminating sterile inflammation from infection, especially in cases of aseptic loosening versus an actual prosthetic joint infection, is challenging and has significant treatment implications. Our goal was to evaluate a novel human monoclonal antibody（mAb） probe directed against the Gram-positive bacterial surface molecule lipoteichoic acid（LTA）. specificity and affinity were assessed in vitro. We then radiolabeled the anti-LTA mAb and evaluated its effectiveness as a diagnostic imaging tool for detecting infection via immuno PET imaging in an in vivo mouse model of prosthetic joint infection（PJI）. In vitro and ex vivo binding of the anti-LTA mAb to pathogenic bacteria was measured with Octet, ELIsA, and flow cytometry. The in vivo PJI mouse model was assessed using traditional imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography（PET） with [^（18）F]FDG and [^（18）F]Na F as well as X-ray computed tomography（CT）, before being evaluated with the zirconium-89-labeled antibody specific for LTA（[^（89）Zr]sAC55）.The anti-LTA mAb exhibited specific binding in vitro to LTA-expressing bacteria. Results from imaging showed that our model could reliably simulate infection at the surgical site by bioluminescent imaging, conventional PET tracer imaging, and bone morphological changes by CT. One day following injection of both the radiolabeled anti-LTA and isotype control antibodies, the anti-LTA antibody demonstrated significantly greater（P 〈 0.05） uptake at s. aureus-infected prosthesis sites over either the same antibody at sterile prosthesis sites or of control non-specific antibody at infected prosthesis sites. Taken together, the radiolabeled anti-LTA mAb, [^（89）Zr]sAC55, may serve as a valuable diagnostic molecular imaging probe to help distinguish between sterile inflammation and infection in the setting of PJI. Future studies are needed to determine whether these findings will translate to human PJI.

关键词： Zr Molecularly specific detection bacterial lipoteichoic acid diagnosis prosthetic infection bone LTA sAC PET FDG tracer

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CFD-DEM simulation of small-scale Challenge Problem 1 with EMMs bubble-based structure-dependent drag coefficient

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Particuology 2021年第2期19卷 48-61页

作者： Musango Lungu John siame lloyd Mukosha Multiphase Flow Research Group Chemical Engineering DepartmentSchool of Mines and Mineral SciencesCopperbelt UniversityKitwe 10101Zambia

In this study,the energy minimization multi-scale(EMMs)/Bubbling model is coupled with the computational fluid dynamics/discrete element method(CFD-DEM)model via a structure-dependent drag coefficient to simulate the National Energy Technology Laboratory(NETL)small-scale challenge problem using the open-source multiphase flow code *** numerical predictions are compared against particle velocity measurements obtained from high-speed particle image velocimetry(HsPIV)and differential pressure *** drag-reduction effect of the EMMs bubble-based drag coefficient is observed to significantly improve predictions of the horizontal particle velocity and granular temperature when compared to several other drag coefficients tested;however,the vertical particle velocity and pressure fluctuation characteristic predictions are *** drag-reduction effect is characterized by a reduction in the sizes of slugs or voids,as identified through spectral decomposition of the pressure ***,this study shows great promise in employing drag coefficients,developed via multi-scale approaches(such as the EMMs paradigm),in CFD-DEM models.

关键词： CFD-DEM Drag model EMMs/Bubbling model Fluidization Multi-scale

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Observer error in vegetation surveys:a review

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第4期9卷 367-379页

作者： lloyd W.Morrison Department of Biology Missouri State University901 S.National AvenueSpringfieldMO 65897USA National Park service Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Program6424 W.Farm Road 182RepublicMO 65738USA

Aims Vegetation sampling employing observers is prone to both inter-observer and intra-observer *** types of errors are common:(i)overlooking error(*** observing species actually present),(ii)misidentification error(*** correctly identifying species)and(iii)estimation error(*** accurately estimating abundance).I conducted a literature review of 59 articles that provided quantitative estimates or statistical inferences regarding observer error in vegetation *** FindingsAlmost all studies(92%)that tested for a statistically significant effect of observer error found at least one significant *** surveys of species composition,mean pseudoturnover(the percentage of species overlooked by one observer but not another)was 10-30%.species misidentification rates were on the order of 5-10%.The mean coefficient of variation(CV)among observers in surveys of vegetation cover was often several hundred%for species with low cover,although CVs of 25-50%were more representative of species with mean covers of>50%.A variety of metrics and indices(including commonly used diversity indices)and multivariate data analysis techniques(including ordinations and classifications)were found to be sensitive to observer *** of error commonly include both characteristics of the vegetation(*** size of populations,rarity,morphology,phenology)and attributes of the observers(*** fatigue,personal biases,differences in experience,physical stress).The use of multiple observers,additional training including active feedback approaches,and continual evaluation and calibration among observers are recommended as strategies to reduce observer error in vegetation surveys.

关键词： interobserver error intraobserver error misidentification pseudoturnover vegetation sampling

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Nestedness in insular floras:spatiotemporal variation and underlying mechanisms

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第6期6卷 480-488页

作者： lloyd W.Morrison Department of Biology Missouri State University901 S.National AvenueSpringfieldMO 65897USA

Aims Nestedness is a characteristic of insular metacommunity *** few studies,however,have attempted to evaluate temporal changes in nestedness,or elucidate the mechanisms underlying nestedness.I evaluated both spatial and temporal patterns of nestedness in the insular floras of four archipelagoes of small islands in the Bahamas and the potential underlying environmental *** The NODF(a nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill)and the matrix temperature measure,T,were used to quantify nestedness in insular floras on small islands near Abaco,Andros,Great Exuma and the Exuma Cays,*** different null models were employed for each nestedness *** environmental variables were evaluated in relation to nestedness by ordering islands according to gradients and recalculating NODF *** Findings All archipelagoes were significantly *** among sites contributed more to overall nestedness than did nestedness among *** scores varied among archipelagoes,but were surprisingly constant over *** islands by vegetated area yielded the highest nestedness scores for three archipelagoes;ordering islands by protection from exposure yielded the highest nestedness score for one *** scores varied little over time even though species compositions changed,indicating that extinctions occurred in a deterministic *** relative importance of area suggests extinction is an important mechanism in producing *** to determine the relative importance of immigrations or extinctions requires some assumptions,however,and both processes are likely cumulative in most cases.

关键词： Bahamas environmental gradient insular floras nestedness NODF metric

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Chebfun and numerical quadrature

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science China Mathematics 2012年第9期55卷 1749-1760页

作者： HALE Nicholas TREFETHEN lloyd N Mathematical Institute University of OxfordOxford OX1 3LBUK

Chebfun is a Matlab-based software system that overloads Matlab's discrete operations for vectors and matrices to analogous continuous operations for functions and *** begin by describing Chebfun's fast capabilities for Clenshaw-Curtis and also Gauss-Legendre,-Jacobi,-Hermite,and-Laguerre quadrature,based on algorithms of Waldvogel and Glaser,Liu and *** we consider how such methods can be applied to quadrature problems including 2D integrals over rectangles,fractional derivatives and integrals,functions defined on unbounded intervals,and the fast computation of weights for barycentric interpolation.

关键词： Chebfun Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature Gauss quadrature barycentric interpolation formula Riemann-Liouville integral fractional calculus

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Treatment of Helicobacter pylori in surgical practice:A randomised trial of triple versus quadruple therapy in a rural district general hospital

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第24期14卷 3855-3860页

作者： siok siong Ching sivakumaran sabanathan lloyd R Jenkinson Clinical Research Fellow in General surgery Leeds General Infirmary Department of surgery Ysbyty Gwynedd

AIM: To compare a lansoprazole-based triple versus quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication with emphasis on side effect prof ile,patient compliance and eradication rate at a rural district general hospital in Wales,United Kingdom. METHODs: One hundred one patients with H pylori infection were included in the study. Patients were randomised to receive triple therapy comprising of lansoprazole 30 mg,amoxycillin 1 g,clarithromycin 500 mg,all b.d. (LAC),or quadruple therapy comprising of lansoprazole 30 mg b.d.,metronidazole 500 mg t.d.s.,bismuth subcitrate 240 mg b.d.,and tetracycline chloride 500 mg q.d.s. (LMBT). Cure was defi ned as a negative 13C urea breath test 2 mo after treatment. REsULTs: seven patients were withdrawn after randomisation. Fifty patients were assigned to LAC group and 44 to LMBT group. The intention-to-treat cure rates were 92% and 91%,whereas the per-protocol cure rates were 92% and 97%,respectively. side effects were common,with 56% experiencingmoderate to severe symptoms in the LAC group and 59% in the LMBT group. symptoms of vomiting,diarrhoea and black stools were significantly more common in the LMBT group. Patient compliance was 100% for triple therapy and 86% for quadruple therapy (P s in both groups were still taking acid-reducing medications at six-month follow-up. CONCLUsION: One-week triple and quadruple therapies have similar intention-to-treat eradication rates. Certain side effects are more common with quadruple therapy,which can compromise patient compliance. Patient education or modifi cations to the regimen are alternative options to improve compliance of the quadruple regimen.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Triple therapy Quadruple therapy side effects Treatment compliance Eradication rate

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Tracking the Cretaceous transcontinental Ceduna River through Australia:The hafnium isotope record of detrital zircons from offshore southern Australia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第2期7卷 237-244页

作者： Jarred lloyd Alan s.Collins Justin L.Payne stijn Glorie simon Holford Anthony J.Reid Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)Department of Earth SciencesThe University of Adelaide Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)School of Built and Natural EnvironmentsThe University of South Australia Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)Australian School of PetroleumThe University of Adelaide Geological survey of south Australia Department of State DevelopmentGovernment of South Australia

The middle-upper Cretaceous Ceduna River system traversed continental Australia from the NE coast to the centre of the southern coast. At its mouth, it formed a vast delta system that is similar in scale to the Niger delta of West Africa. The delta system is composed of two main lobes that represent different phases of delta construction. A recent hypothesis has challenged the traditional idea that both lobes of the delta were derived from a transcontinental river system by suggesting that the upper lobe （santonian -Maastrichtian） is instead derived from a restricted catchment within southern Australia. Hf isotopic data presented here fingerprint the original source of the upper delta lobe zircons to NE Australia, with data comparing well with similar U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic data from the Lachlan Orogen, the New England Orogen, the eastern Musgraves Province and the northern Flinders Ranges. These data do not preclude a model where the lobe is derived from recycled Eromanga Basin sediments during a phase of late Cretaceous inland Australian uplift, but when coupled with reconnaissance low-temperature thermochronometry from the region of the Ceduna River course indicating widespread Triassic-Jurassic exhumation, and comparisons with detrital zircon data from the Winton Formation upstream of any proposed uplift, we suggest that both lobes of the Ceduna Delta are likely to be derived from a transcontinental Ceduna River.

关键词： Detrital zircon Hf U-Pb Ceduna sub-basin Bight basin Australia

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Reliability of the Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler's soft song in male-male conflict

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Chinese Birds 2015年第2期6卷 107-112页

作者： Canwei Xia Boye Liu Daiping Wang Huw lloyd Yanyun Zhang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan University

Background: soft song is a low-amplitude song produced by many birds. Recent studies have confirmed that soft song is an aggressive signal. For example, the Brownish-flanked Bush Warblers Cettia fortipes use soft song in male-male conflicts, particularly prior to attacks. Although stable signaling systems require that signals be honest on average,models predict that cheating is an acceptable strategy for some individuals or in some ***: This study aimed to test the reliability of soft song as an aggressive signal in the brownish-flanked bush warbler. We used mounted specimens accompanied by broadcast songs or soft songs to simulate a male attempting to invade an existing ***: We found the mounted specimen that coupled playback of soft songs suffered more and quicker attacks from the territory owner and that the relationship between soft song and subsequent attack in the territory owner was far from perfect. We observed territory owners that both over-signaled(i.e., produced soft song but did not attack) and under-signaled(i.e., attacked without producing soft song). Under-signaling territory owners were relatively more commonly than were over-signaling territory owners, particularly in simulated intrusion that coupled playback of soft song with a mount ***: We discuss the cost of producing soft song and the potential benefit of the unreliable use of soft song and propose a new hypothesis for under-signaling with soft song; i.e., under-signaling territory owners might benefit from taking the initiative in fights.

关键词： Aggressive signal Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler Cost Reliability soft song

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Identification of vocal individuality in male cuckoos using different analytical techniques

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Avian Research 2017年第3期8卷 134-140页

作者： Yang Li Canwei Xia Huw lloyd Donglai Li Yanyun Zhang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University school of science and Environment Manchester Metropolitan University Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention College of Life Sciences Liaoning University

Background: Individuality in vocalizations may provide an effective tool for surveying populations of the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus) but there remains few data on which technique to use to identify individuality. In this research, we compared the within-and between-individual variation in cuckoo calls using two different analytical methods, and discuss the feasibility of using call individuality to count male cuckoos within a ***: We recorded vocalization from 13 males, and measured 15 spectro-temporal variables for each call. The majority of these call variables(n = 12) have greater variation between individuals than within individual. We first calculated the similarity(Pearson's R) for each paired calls in order to find a threshold that could distinguish calls emitted from the same or different males, and then counted the number of males based on this distinction. second, we used the more widely accepted technique of discriminant function analysis(DFA) to identify individual male cuckoos, and compared the correct rate of classifying individuals between the two analytical ***: similarity of paired calls from the same male was significantly higher than from different males. Under a relatively broad threshold interval, we achieved a high(>90%) correct rate to distinguish calls and an accurate estimate of male numbers. Based on banded males(n = 3), we found the similarity of paired calls from different days was lower when compared with paired calls from the same day, but this change did not obscure individual identification, as similarity values of paired calls from different days were still larger than the threshold used to distinguish calls from the same or different males. DFA also yielded a high rate(91.9%) of correct classification of ***: Our study suggests that identifying individual vocalizations can form the basis of an appropriate survey method for counting male cuckoos within a population, provided the perf

关键词： Vocal individuality Avian acoustics Common Cuckoo Correlation analysis Discriminant function analysis

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The Rhetoric of Performance in India: The Confluence of Nyaya Vada(logic) and sadharanikaran(performance) in Past and Present Discourses

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外国语文研究 2015年第2期1卷 88-99页

作者： Keith s.lloyd 美国肯特州立大学国际修辞传播学会

Though "Comparative" rhetoricians Oliver and Kennedy placed Indian rhetoric on the rhetorical map, much remains undiscovered concerning their specific indigenous communicative practices. This essay introduces two such Indian traditions-- Nyāya, a philosophically based approach to persuasion codified by Hindus, and sadharanikaran, interpreted by many as a Hindu model of communication. Nyāya, gradually developed a five-part "method"(Matilal) that defines arguments in terms of claims, reasons, and analogies. In a parallel dramatic tradition from Bharat Muni called sadharanikaran, the receiver "not only accepts the message willingly but in the process derives genuine satisfaction and pleasure or Ananda". This essay contrasts the two approaches with Aristotle's more familiar ideas, and then offers some historical and current Indian arguments to illustrate rhetorical delivery shaped by Nyāya and sadharanikaran, a glimpse into rhetorical performance within a rich non-Western tradition.

关键词： comparative rhetoric persuasion Nygya sadharanikaran Aristotle

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