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牦牛肉品质研究进展

中国畜牧兽医 2024年第8期51卷 3394-3409页

作者：娄新建马万浩郝力壮刘书杰马世科拜彬强青海大学青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室西宁810016 青海省牦牛繁育推广服务中心大通810100

牦牛素有“高原之舟”的美誉,牦牛肉则是青藏高原牧民生活中最主要的肉类之一。牦牛肉具有高蛋白、低脂肪、富含多种氨基酸等特点,属于天然的绿色食品。受地理环境制约,牦牛只能生活在高海拔地区,生产规模一直无法扩大,牦牛肉产量无法提... 详细信息

牦牛素有“高原之舟”的美誉,牦牛肉则是青藏高原牧民生活中最主要的肉类之一。牦牛肉具有高蛋白、低脂肪、富含多种氨基酸等特点,属于天然的绿色食品。受地理环境制约,牦牛只能生活在高海拔地区,生产规模一直无法扩大,牦牛肉产量无法提高,因此明析牦牛肉品质特性对于牦牛肉产品开发及肉品质调控具有重要的指导意义。牦牛品种多样,不同地区牦牛肉营养成分存在差异,不同品种牦牛肉的蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质及维生素等含量不同,不同年龄牦牛肉化学组成、pH、剪切力、滴水损失、蒸煮损失也不相同,肌肉部位不同造成相关指标存在差异;从食品安全性来说,牦牛肉中的重金属残留、微生物指标和兽药残留检测结果均符合国家标准,是消费者可选择的安全放心肉类。作者以近些年与牦牛肉品质相关的研究为基础,从营养品质、食用加工品质及安全性几方面系统综述了牦牛肉品质特性,结果表明牦牛肉具有营养价值高、安全无污染等优势,但同时具有感官、食用品质口感较差的缺点。但整体来讲,牦牛肉品质较好,但仍需进一步调控。

关键词：牦牛肉品质营养品质食用加工品质安全性

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牦牛乳营养价值的研究进展

动物营养学报 2024年第3期36卷 1446-1462页

作者：娄新建郝力壮刘书杰拜彬强青海大学农牧学院西宁810016 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室西宁810016

近年来,对于牦牛乳营养成分的研究显著增多,牦牛乳作为一种浓缩乳,是营养价值很高且珍稀的乳制品,高原地区牧民经常把它当作食物,相比普通牛乳,牦牛乳蛋白含量更高。牦牛乳蛋白构成成分和其他哺乳动物乳相差不多,除了常规营养成分外,还... 详细信息

近年来,对于牦牛乳营养成分的研究显著增多,牦牛乳作为一种浓缩乳,是营养价值很高且珍稀的乳制品,高原地区牧民经常把它当作食物,相比普通牛乳,牦牛乳蛋白含量更高。牦牛乳蛋白构成成分和其他哺乳动物乳相差不多,除了常规营养成分外,还含有酪蛋白、乳清蛋白及一些生物活性因子。本文主要总结分析了牦牛乳的营养成分和功能,为牦牛乳及其乳制品的开发利用提供理论参考。

关键词：牦牛乳品质功能性成分生物活性因子

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Probiotic effect of ferulic acid esterase-producing Lactobacillus plantarum inoculated alfalfa silage on digestion,antioxidant,and immunity status of lactating dairy goats

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 38-47页

作者： Fuhou Li Baibing Zhang Yixin Zhang Xia Zhang Samaila Usman Zitong Ding lizhuang Hao Xusheng Guo State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems School of Life SciencesCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province The Academy of Animal and Veterinary SciencesState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and AgricultureQinghai UniversityXining810016China

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inoculating alfalfa silage with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculum on feed digestibility,rumen fermentation,antioxidant,and immunity status of lactating dairy *** dairy goats were distributed into 2 experimental groups consisting of control diet(Lp MTD/1,including Lactobacillus plantarum MTD/1 inoculated silage)against diet containing silage treated with ferulic acid esterase-producing *** A1(Lp A1).Alfalfa silage inoculated with a ferulic acid esterase-producing Lp A1 had better fermentation quality than the Lp MTD/*** application of Lp A1 improved silage antioxidant capacity as indicated by greater total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathion peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities in Lp A1 treated silage versus Lp MTD/1 *** with Lp MTD/1 treated group,inoculation of silage with Lp A1 increased apparent total tract digestibility of dietary dry matter,organic matter and crude protein,and ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids,acetate,propionate and isobutyrate as *** results of current study also demonstrated improved antioxidant capacity and immune performance of dairy goats with Lp A1 *** Lp A1-treated silage increased dairy goats’serum antioxidase activity,such as T-AOC,SOD,GSH-Px and catalase,and the serum concentration of immunoglobulin A,while decreased tumor necrosis factor a,interleukin(IL)-2 and *** addition,compared with Lp MTD/1,diet containing alfalfa silage inoculated with Lp A1 endowed dairy goats’milk with greater fat and protein contents,improved dairy goat milk quality without affecting feed efficiency.

关键词： Ferulic acid esterase Silage Digestibility Antioxidant Immunity

A comparison of average daily gain,apparent digestibilities,energy balance,rumen fermentation parameters,and serum metabolites between yaks(Bos grunniens)and Qaidam cattle(Bos taurus)consuming diets differing in energy level

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 77-86页

作者： Hu Liu Jianwei Zhou Allan Degen Hongshan Liu Xuliang Cao lizhuang Hao Zhanhuan Shang Tao Ran Ruijun Long State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland IndustryMinistry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry Wyler Department of Dryland AgricultureBlaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of NegevBeer Sheva8410500Israel Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary MedicineState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and AgricultureQinghai UniversityXining810016China

Yaks(Bos grunniens),indigenous to the harsh Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,are well adapted to the severe conditions,and graze natural pasture without supplements all year *** cattle(Bos taurus),introduced to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 1,700 years ago,are raised at a lower altitude than yaks,provided with shelter at night and offered supplements in *** on their different backgrounds,we hypothesized that yaks have lower energy requirements for maintenance than *** test this hypothesis,we measured average daily gain(ADG),apparent digestibilities,energy balance,rumen fermentation parameters,and serum metabolites in growing yaks and cattle offered diets differing in metabolizable energy(ME)levels(6.62,8.02,9.42 and 10.80 MJ/kg),but with the same crude protein *** castrated yaks(155±5.8 kg)and 6 castrated Qaidam cattle(154±8.0 kg),all 2.5 years old,were used in 2 concurrent 4×4 Latin square *** and acid detergent fiber digestibilities were greater(P<0.05)in yaks than in cattle,and decreased linearly(P<0.05)with increasing dietary energy level;whereas,digestibilities of dry matter,organic matter,crude protein and ether extract increased(P<0.05)linearly with increasing energy *** ADG was greater(P<0.001)in yaks than in cattle,and increased(P<0.05)linearly with increasing energy *** the regressions of ADG on ME intake,the estimated ME requirement for maintenance was lower(P<0.05)in yaks than in cattle(0.43 vs.0.57 MJ/kg BW0.75).The ratios of digestible energy(DE):gross energy and ME:DE were higher(P<0.05)in yaks than in cattle,and increased(P<0.05)linearly with increasing dietary energy *** pH decreased(P<0.05),whereas concentrations of total volatile fatty acids(VFAs)and ammonia increased(P<0.01)with increasing dietary energy level,and all were greater(P<0.05)in yaks than in *** of ruminal acetate and iso-VFAs were greater(P<0.05),whereas propionate was lower(P<0.05)in yaks than in cattle

关键词： Yaks Dietary energy level Average daily gain Apparent digestibility Rumen fermentation Serum metabolite

采精期精料补饲水平对牦牛种公牛血清指标和精液品质的影响

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动物营养学报 2024年第7期36卷 4400-4412页

作者：王琦田磊景建武胡广卫李鸿康马万浩牛建章拜彬强刘书杰郝力壮青海大学青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室西宁810016 青海省牦牛繁育推广服务中心大通810100

本试验旨在探究采精期不同精料补饲水平对牦牛种公牛生长性能、血清指标和精液品质的影响。试验选取25头体况良好、遗传背景一致、平均体重为(584.48±55.71)kg的牦牛种公牛,随机分为5个组,分别为Ⅰ组(对照组)、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组... 详细信息

本试验旨在探究采精期不同精料补饲水平对牦牛种公牛生长性能、血清指标和精液品质的影响。试验选取25头体况良好、遗传背景一致、平均体重为(584.48±55.71)kg的牦牛种公牛,随机分为5个组,分别为Ⅰ组(对照组)、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组,每组5头,单栏单饲。5组牦牛每天分别补饲1.00、1.75、2.50、3.25和4.00 kg精料。预试期15 d,正试期45 d。结果表明:1)牦牛种公牛总增重和平均日增重随精料补饲水平的升高呈线性升高(P<0.05)。2)牦牛种公牛血清总蛋白、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿素含量以及谷丙转氨酶活性含量随精料补饲水平的升高呈线性升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组血清总蛋白和尿素含量显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清白蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅴ组血清甘油三酯含量和谷丙转氨酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组牦牛种公牛血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅴ组血清丙二醛含量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组牦牛种公牛血清白细胞介素-4含量显著提高(P<0.05)。5)牦牛种公牛精子密度和精子前向运动能力随精料补饲水平的升高呈线性升高(P<0.01),其中Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组精子密度和精子前向运动能力均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),Ⅱ组精子密度和精子前向运动能力显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,补饲精料会显著改善牦牛种公牛精液品质,但补饲过量会对机体脂肪代谢、肝脏功能、肾脏功能以及机体抗氧化能力造成不利影响;因此,建议采精期牦牛种公牛适宜精料补饲水平为每天2.50 kg。

关键词：牦牛种公牛精料补饲血清指标精液品质

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Effects of Austempering after Hot Deformation on the Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Si-Mn TRIP Steel Sheets

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 248-251页

作者： lizhuang ZHANGPing-li WUDi StateKeyLabofRollingandAutomation NortheasternUniversityShenyang110004China／InstituteofAeronauticalEngineeringShenyang110034China LiaoningProvincialEducationDepartment Shenyang110032China StateKeyLabofRollingandAutomation NortheasternUniversityShenyang110004China

Excellent mechanical properties are obtained by austempering after hot deformation without subsequent heat treatment in the present Si-Mn TRIP steel sheets. Isothermal holding time after finishing rolling has affected the mechanical properties of this steel. The results show that the sample exhibits a good combination of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation when it is held at the bainite transformation temperature after hot deformation. The stability of retained austenite increases with an increase of isothermal holding time, and a further increase in the holding duration results in a decrease of it. The tensile strength, total elongation and strength ductility reach the maximum values (774MPa, 33% and 25542MPa% respectively) for this sort of hot rolled Si-Mn TRIP steel using the optimal technology.

关键词：热轧精加工辊轧热变形残留奥氏体 TRIP 机械特性 Si-Mn钢

Effect of Silicon and Manganese on Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Plain TRIP Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2005年第3期12卷 51-55页

作者： lizhuang WUDi HURong NortheasternUniversity Shenyang110004China／／InstituteofAeronauticalEngineeringShenyang110034China NortheasternUniversity Shenyang110004China JiangxiNormalUniversity Nanchang330027China

A great deal of stabilized retained austenite can be obtained by means of austempering immediately after intercritical annealing in the low-carbon plain steel sheets which only contain alloying elements of silicon and manganese. Transformation from retained austenite to martensite may be induced by strain at a temperature ranging from 50 ℃ to 400 ℃ during tension testing. Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) may occur. Alloying of silicon improves the stability of retained austenite. Mechanical properties of the present TRIP steels containing manganese increase with increasing silicon amount when the amount of silicon is less than two percent.

关键词： austempering intercritical annealing retained austenite strain-induced martensite transformation transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) mechanical property

RADepthNet:Reflectance-aware monocular depth estimation

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2022年第5期4卷 418-431页

作者： Chuxuan LI Ran YI Saba Ghazanfar ALI lizhuang MA Enhua WU Jihong WANG Lijuan MAO Bin SHENG Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of State Key Laboratory of Computer Science University of MacaoMacao 999078China Shanghai University of Sports Shanghai 200438China

Background Monocular depth estimation aims to predict a dense depth map from a single RGB image,and has important applications in 3D reconstruction,automatic driving,and augmented ***,existing methods directly feed the original RGB image into the model to extract depth features without avoiding the interference of depth-irrelevant information on depth-estimation accuracy,which leads to inferior *** To remove the influence of depth-irrelevant information and improve the depth-prediction accuracy,we propose RADepthNet,a novel reflectance-guided network that fuses boundary ***,our method predicts depth maps using the following three steps:(1)Intrinsic Image *** propose a reflectance extraction module consisting of an encoder-decoder structure to extract the depth-related *** an ablation study,we demonstrate that the module can reduce the influence of illumination on depth estimation.(2)Boundary Detection.A boundary extraction module,consisting of an encoder,refinement block,and upsample block,was proposed to better predict the depth at object boundaries utilizing gradient constraints.(3)Depth Prediction *** use an encoder different from(2)to obtain depth features from the reflectance map and fuse boundary features to predict *** addition,we proposed FIFADataset,a depth-estimation dataset applied in soccer *** Extensive experiments on a public dataset and our proposed FIFADataset show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance.

关键词： Monocular depth estimation Deep learning Intrinsic image decomposition

2019—2022年江苏省尘肺病主动监测和医学随访结果分析

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职业卫生与应急救援 2024年第2期42卷 192-196页

作者：周琅韩磊赵圆高茜茜周鹏谢丽庄江苏省疾病预防控制中心江苏南京210028

目的回顾性分析江苏省2019—2022年开展的尘肺病主动监测和医学随访工作,为今后尘肺病防治工作提供参考。方法参照全国和江苏省的尘肺病主动监测和医学随访工作方案,依托江苏省职业病防治信息管理平台,收集汇总相关监测、随访数据,使... 详细信息

目的回顾性分析江苏省2019—2022年开展的尘肺病主动监测和医学随访工作,为今后尘肺病防治工作提供参考。方法参照全国和江苏省的尘肺病主动监测和医学随访工作方案,依托江苏省职业病防治信息管理平台,收集汇总相关监测、随访数据,使用SPSS 25.0等软件进行数据汇总和统计学分析。结果 2019—2022年江苏省实际完成主动监测人数均超过每年度对应的国家任务数,分别为3 928、3 497、6 576、5 701人。其间尘肺样改变检出率为0.28%(55人),尘肺样改变检出率呈逐年递减趋势(P<0.05)。不同接尘类型中以铸造粉尘检出率最高(3.31%,16/483)。4年间在哨点医院的呼吸科就诊的接尘工人尘肺样改变检出率呈逐年递减趋势(P<0.05)。2022年完成随访29 157例,其中存活17 239例,死亡11 918例。其中壹期病尘肺患者中盐城市占比最高(94.52%),常州市占比最少(56.41%)(P<0.05)。壹期患者占比较高的地区生存率也较高。存活患者所享受的医疗保障以城乡居民基本医疗保险占比最多(91.26%),其次为工伤保险保障(41.81%),享受低保补助占比最少(0.61%)。结论江苏省需加强中、小、微企业的粉尘浓度监测工作,提高尘肺病患者的医疗保障力度。

关键词：江苏省尘肺病主动监测医学随访医疗保障