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Understanding Differences in Event Attribution Results Arising from Modeling Strategy

Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第1期36卷 49-60页

作者： Wenxia ZHANG liwen REN Tianjun zhou State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

While there is high confidence that human activities have increased the likelihood and severity of hot extreme events over many parts of the world,there is notable spread in quantitative estimates of anthropogenic influence even on a single event.To better understand the uncertainty of attribution results,here we compare different event attribution methods using the 2015 July-August record-breaking heat event in northwestern China as a case study.To address the anthropogenic influence on the likelihood of the extreme event,we employ attribution runs with two modeling strategies—atmosphere-only and coupled simulations—with different conditioning.In atmosphere-only attribution runs,given the observed sea surface boundary conditions and external forcings in 2015,it is estimated that anthropogenic forcing has increased the likelihood of hot extremes such as that observed in 2015 in the target region,by approximately 27 and 12 times in MIROC5 and HadGEM3-A-N216,respectively.In Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5(CMIP5)fully coupled attribution runs,given the external forcing at the 1961-2015 level and regardless of sea surface boundary conditions,there is a 21-fold increase in the likelihood of similar heat events due to anthropogenic forcing.The differences in quantitative attribution results can arise from modeling strategies,which are tightly linked to different conditioning in attribution.Specifically,different ocean boundary conditions,external forcings,and air-sea coupling processes contribute to different attribution results between the two modeling strategies.Within each modeling strategy,model uncertainty affects quantitative attribution conclusions.The comparison of different attribution methods provides a better understanding of the uncertainty of attribution results,which is useful in synthesizing and interpreting attribution results.

关键词： event attribution anthropogenic influence uncertainty modeling strategy

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Survival of rat sciatic nerve segments preserved in storage solutions ex vivo assessed by novel electrophysiological and morphological criteria

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 2082-2088页

作者： Liwen Zhou Monzer Alatrach Ted Zhao Paul Oliphint George D.Bittner Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

Most organ or tissue allografts with viable cells are sto red in solutions ex vivo for hours to seve ral days.Most allografts then require rapid host revascula rization upon transplantation to maintain donor-cell functions(e.g.,cardiac muscle contra ctions,hepatic secretions).In contrast,peripheral nerve allografts stored ex vivo do not require revascularization to act as scaffolds to guide outgrowth by host axons at 1-2 mm/d,likely aided by viable donor Schwann cells.Using current storage solutions and protocols,axons in all these donor orga n/tissue/nerve transplants are expected to rapidly become non-viable due to Wallerian degeneration within days.Therefore,ex vivo storage solutions have not been assessed for preserving normal axonal functions,i.e.,conducting action potentials or maintaining myelin sheaths.We hypothesized that most or all organ storage solutions would maintain axonal viability.We examined several common organ/tissue storage solutions(University of Wisconsin Cold Storage Solution,Normosol-R,Normal Saline,and La ctated Ringe rs) for axonal viability in rat sciatic nerves ex vivo as assessed by maintaining:(1) conduction of artificially-induced compound action potentials;and(2) axonal and myelin morphology in a novel assay method.The ten diffe rent storage solution conditions for peripheral nerves with viable axons(PNVAs) diffe red in their solution composition,osmolarity(250-318 mOsm),temperature(4℃ vs.25℃),and presence of calcium.Compound action potentials and axonal morphology in PNVAs were best maintained for up to 9 days ex vivo in calcium-free hypotonic diluted(250 mOsm) Normosol-R(dNR) at 4℃.Surprisingly,compound action potentials were maintained for only 1-2 days in UW and NS at 4℃,a much shorter duration than PNVAs maintained in 4℃ dNR(9 days) or even in 25℃ dNR(5 days).Viable axons in peripheral nerve allografts are critical for successful polyethylene glycol(PEG)-fusion of viable proximal and distal ends of host axons with viable donor axons to repair segmental-loss peripheral nerve i

关键词： axonal morphometrics axonal viability calcium osmolarity peripheral nerve grafts peripheral nerve injury temperature tissue storage solutions tonicity Wallerian degeneration

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Spatiotemporal patterns of the pregnancy microbiome and links to reproductive disorders

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SCIENCE BULLETIN 2024年第9期69卷 1275-1285页

作者： Xiao, liwen zhou, Tian Zuo, Zhenqiang Sun, Ningxia Zhao, Fangqing Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Inst Life Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Naval Med Univ Dept Reprod Med Affiliated Hosp 2 Shanghai 200003 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Hangzhou Inst Adv Study Key Lab Syst Biol Hangzhou 310024 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

The microbiome of females undergoes extensive remodeling during pregnancy, which is likely to have an impact on the health of both mothers and offspring. Nevertheless, large-scale integrated investigations characterizing microbiome dynamics across key body habitats are lacking. Here, we performed an extensive meta -analysis that compiles and analyzes microbiome profiles from >10,000 samples across the gut, vagina, and oral cavity of pregnant women from diverse geographical regions. We have unveiled unexpected variations in the taxonomic, functional, and ecological characteristics of microbial communities throughout the course of pregnancy. The gut microbiota showed distinct trajectories between Western and non -Western populations. The vagina microbiota exhibited fluctuating transitions at the genus level across gestation, while the oral microbiota remained relatively stable. We also identified distinctive microbial signatures associated with prevalent pregnancy -related disorders, including opposite variations in the oral and gut microbiota of patients with gestational diabetes and disrupted microbial networks in preterm birth. This study establishes a comprehensive atlas of the pregnancy microbiome by integrating multidimensional datasets and offers foundational insights into the intricate interplay between microbes and host factors that underlie reproductive health. (c) 2024 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： Pregnancy microbiome Data integration Spatiotemporal patterns Microbial biomarkers ORAL MICROBIOME MODE

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Tumor cell membrane-camouflaged responsive nanoparticles enable MRI-guided immuno-chemodynamic therapy of orthotopic osteosarcoma

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第11期7卷 221-233页

作者： liwen Fu Weiying Zhang Xiaojun zhou Jingzhong Fu Chuanglong He State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China Department of Thoracic Oncology Jiujiang Cancer HospitalJiangxi ProvinceChina Health Management Center Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan250021China

Osteosarcoma is a refractory bone disease in young people that needs the updating and development of effective treatment.Although nanotechnology is widely applied in cancer therapy,poor targeting and inadequate effi-ciency hinder its development.In this study,we prepared alendronate(ALD)/K7M2 cell membranes-coated hollow manganese dioxide(HMnO_(2))nanoparticles as a nanocarrier to load Ginsenoside Rh2(Rh2)for Mag-netic Resonance imaging(MRI)-guided immuno-chemodynamic combination osteosarcoma therapy.Subse-quently,the ALD and K7M2 cell membranes were successively modified on the surface of HMnO_(2) and loaded with Rh2.The tumor microenvironment(TME)-activated Rh2@HMnO_(2)-AM nanoparticles have good bone tumor-targeting and tumor-homing capabilities,excellent GSH-sensitive drug release profile and MRI capability,and attractive immuno-chemodynamic combined therapeutic efficiency.The Rh2@HMnO_(2)-AM nanoparticles can effectively trigger immunogenic cell death(ICD),activate CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T cells in vivo,and upregulate BAX,BCL-2 and Caspase-3 in cellular level.Further results revealed that Rh2@HMnO_(2)-AM enhanced the secretion of IL-6,IFN-γand TNF-αin serum and inhibited the generation of FOXP3^(+)T cells(Tregs)in tumors.Moreover,the Rh2@HMnO_(2)-AM treatment significant restricted tumor growth in-situ tumor-bearing mice.Therefore,Rh2@HMnO_(2)-AM may serve as an effective and bio-friendly nanoparticle platform combined with immuno-therapy and chemodynamic therapy to provide a novel approach to osteosarcoma therapy.

关键词： Ginsenoside Rh2 Hollow manganese dioxide Magnetic resonance imaging Chemodynamic therapy Immunotherapy

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Multi-Function Uninterrupted Phase-Separation Passing System and its Control Method

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第6期9卷 2332-2343页

作者： zhou Ni Jiaxin Yuan Feiran Xiao liwen Peng Zhaoyang Zhang Yongzhi Min the School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China the School of Electrical Engineering Naval University of EngineeringWuhan 430030China the State Grid Jinan Power Supply Company Jinan 250061China the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China

At present, sudden load changes and terminal voltage fluctuations are two primary problems in the uninterrupted phase-separation passing (UPP) system. To further enhance the reliability of the UPP system and compensate for the voltage sag at the end of the traction power supply network caused by the suddenly connection of locomotive to the power grid, a multi-function uninterrupted phase-separation passing system (MUPPS) and its control strategy are proposed. It has the advantages of linear load change and improving power supply reliability. First, the topology and working principles of a MUPPS are studied;secondly, the current variation characteristics of the bridge arm when the power is continuously supplied by MUPPS during the phase-separation passing are analyzed. Then, the characteristics of a MUPPS to provide reactive power and stabilize the terminal voltage of the traction arm are analyzed. Then, the power transmission characteristics of a MUPPS under emergency working conditions are analyzed. The control strategy for the two conditions is proposed. Finally, simulation analysis and small capacity experiments are conducted. The theoretical analysis and test confirm the correctness and effectiveness of the MUPPS.

关键词： Control strategy high-speed railway MUPPS neutral section

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Systematic screening for potential therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma through a kinome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 library

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2020年第3期17卷 782-794页

作者： Yuanzhong Wu Liwen Zhou Zifeng Wang Xin Wang Ruhua Zhang Lisi Zheng Tiebang Kang Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060China

Objective:Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor.However,the survival of patients with osteosarcoma has remained unchanged during the past 30 years,owing to a lack of efficient therapeutic targets.Methods:We constructed a kinome-targeting CRISPR-Cas9 library containing 507 kinases and 100 nontargeting controls and screened the potential kinase targets in osteosarcoma.The CRISPR screening sequencing data were analyzed with the Model-based Analysis of Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout(MAGeCK)Python package.The functional data were applied in the 143B cell line through lenti-CRISPR-mediated gene knockout.The clinical significance of kinases in the survival of patients with osteosarcoma was analyzed in the R2:Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform.Results:We identified 53 potential kinase targets in osteosarcoma.Among these targets,we analyzed 3 kinases,TRRAP,PKMYT1,and TP53RK,to validate their oncogenic functions in osteosarcoma.PKMYT1 and TP53RK showed higher expression in osteosarcoma than in normal bone tissue,whereas TRRAP showed no significant difference.High expression of all 3 kinases was associated with relatively poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma.Conclusions:Our results not only offer potential therapeutic kinase targets in osteosarcoma but also provide a paradigm for functional genetic screening by using a CRISPR-Cas9 library,including target design,library construction,screening workflow,data analysis,and functional validation.This method may also be useful in potentially accelerating drug discovery for other cancer types.

关键词： Osteosarcoma kinase CRISPR-Cas9 library TRRAP PKMYT1 TP53RK

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Impact of 1.5°C and 2.0°C global warming on aircraft takeoff performance in China

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Science Bulletin 2018年第11期63卷 700-707页

作者： Tianjun zhou liwen Ren Haiwen Liu Jingwen Lu LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Aviation Meteorology Civil Aviation University of ChinaTianjin 300300China

Associated with global warming, climate extremes such as extreme temperature will significantly increase. Understanding how climate change will impact the airflights is important to the planning of future flight operations. In this study, the impacts of 1.5 and 2 degree's global warming on the aircraft takeoff performance in China are investigated using a unique climate projection data from an international collaboration project named HAPPI. It is found that the mean summer daily maximum temperature, which is a major factor that affects the flight through changing the aircraft's takeoff weight, will increase significantly with magnitude less than 1.5℃ over most parts of China except for the Tibetan Plateau. The half a degree additional global warming will lead to higher extreme temperature in the arid and semi-arid western China, the Tibetan Plateau and the northeastern China, while the change in eastern China is weak. Five airports including Beijing, Shanghai, Kunming, Lasa and Urumqi will see ～1.0°-2.0℃(1.4°-3.0℃) higher daily maximum temperature under 1.5℃(2.0℃) scenario. The half-degree additional warming will lead to a shift toward higher extreme temperature in these five sites. For both1.5° and 2.0℃ scenarios, the number of weight-restriction days will increase significantly at 3 airports including Beijing, Shanghai, and Lasa. Urumqi will witness an increase of weight-restriction days only in 2.0℃ future.

关键词：起飞性能中国温暖飞机极端温度气候变化飞行操作 Lasa

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Nanofibers for the Immunoregulation in Biomedical Applications

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第6期4卷 1334-1356页

作者： liwen Fu Qian Feng Yujie Chen Jingzhong Fu Xiaojun zhou Chuanglong He State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China Department of Thoracic Oncology Jiujiang Cancer HospitalJiujiang 332000China

Despite great efforts and achievement of nanomaterials in immune-associated diseases,the selection of appropriate nanomaterials and preparation technology remain some challenges and vast room for improvement.Immunotherapy has received tremendous attention throughout the medical process due to its clinical successes with the pathways of immunoactivation or immunosuppression.Recently,fibrous nanomaterials have facilitated advances in tissue repair and cancer treatments owing to the superiority of multi-channel structure,biocompatibility,tunable size and controlled surface modification.The immunoactivation-based nanofibers can potentially deliver functional agents to lesions and further actively promote immunologic intervention.On the contrary,the immunosuppression-based nanofibers prevent the immune system from overreacting through the blockage of critical pathways in vivo.This review summarizes the current application of nanofiber materials in diverse diseases,including cancer therapy,tissue regeneration(cartilage/bone,skin,tendon,nerves),myocardial infarction,psoriasis and organ defects.Some common fabrication technologies of biomedical nanofibers are also introduced.Meanwhile,the existing technical barriers and perspectives are rationally discussed,providing a constructive inspiration for the follow-up basic research and clinical transformation of nanofibers in the vibrant biomedical fields.

关键词： Nanofibers Immunoregulation Tissue repair Cancer therapy

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Evacuation Vector Field in Crowd Dynamics

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2022年第5期10卷 1547-1560页

作者： Liwen Zhou School of Mathematics East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China

The geometrical effect is one of the most important factors in the kinetic modeling of crowd evacuation, besides the interaction between agents. More precisely, in the process of crowd evacuation, agents have the desire to reach the exit, and the ability to avoid the walls or obstacles. In this study, we propose the evacuation vector field which incorporates the geometrical effects in crowd evacuation. This is useful for modeling the crowd evacuation from complex venue.

关键词： Kinetic Models Crowd Evacuation Evacuation Vector Field

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Feasibility study of miniature near-infrared spectrometer for the measurement of solar irradiance within Arctic snow-cover sea ice

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第9期39卷 115-124页

作者： liwen Nan Xiaoping Wang Hangzhou Wang Hongliang zhou Ying Chen Ocean College Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China Zhejiang Heli Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd.Taizhou 317000China

The extremely low temperature,high humidity and limited power supply pose considerable challenges when using spectrometers within the Arctic sea ice.The feasibility of using a miniature low-power near-infrared spectrometer module to measure solar radiation in Arctic sea ice environments was investigated in this study.Temperature and integration time dependences of the spectrometer module were examined over the entire target operating range of–50°C to 30°C,well below the specified operating range of this spectrometer.Using these observations,a dark output prediction model was developed to represent dark output as a function of temperature and integration time.Temperature-induced biases in the saturation output and linear operating range of the spectrometer were also determined.Temperature and integration time dependences of the signal output were evaluated.Two signal output correction models were developed and compared,to convert the signal output at any temperature within the operating temperature range and integration time to that measured at the reference temperature and integration time.The overall performance of the spectrometer was evaluated by integrating it into a refined fiber optic spectrometry system and measuring solar irradiance distribution in the ice cover with thickness of 1.85 m in the Arctic during the 9th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition.The general shape of the measured solar irradiance above the snow surface agreed well with that measured by other commercial oceanographic spectroradiometers.The measured optical properties of the sea ice were generally comparable to those of similar ice measured using other instruments.This approach provides a general framework for assessing the feasibility of using spectrometers for applications in cold environments.

关键词： near-infrared spectrometer low-temperature Arctic sea ice

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