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Relationship among Parkinson’s disease, constipation, microbes, and microbiological therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期30卷 225-237页

作者： Xin-yang Yuan Yu-Sen chen Zhou liu Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiang 524000Guangdong ProvinceChina Institute of Neurology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral DiseasesZhanjiang 524000Guangdong ProvinceChina

This comprehensive review elucidates the complex interplay between gut microbiota and constipation in Parkinson’s disease(PD),a prevalent non-motor symptom contributing significantly to patients’morbidity.A marked alteration in the gut microbiota,predominantly an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes,is observed in PD-related constipation.Conventional treatments,although safe,have failed to effectively alleviate symptoms,thereby necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.Microbiological interventions such as prebiotics,probiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)hold therapeutic potential.While prebiotics improve bowel movements,probiotics are effective in enhancing stool consistency and alleviating abdominal discomfort.FMT shows potential for significantly alleviating constipation symptoms by restoring gut microbiota balance in patients with PD.Despite promising developments,the causal relationship between changes in gut microbiota and PD-related constipation remains elusive,highlighting the need for further research in this expanding field.

关键词： Parkinson disease Constipation Gut microbiota Prebiotics Probiotics Fecal microbiota transplantation

Effects of zero-valent iron added in the flooding or drainage process on cadmium immobilization in an acid paddy soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 19-31页

作者： Hanbing Meng Shiwen Hu Zebin Hong Wenting Chi Guojun chen Kuan cheng QiWang Tongxu liu Fangbai Li Kexue liu yang yang Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and ManagementInstitute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China School of Resources and Planning Guangzhou Xinhua UniversityGuangzhou 510310China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Zero-valent iron(ZVI)is a promising material for the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils.However,the effects of ZVI added during flooding or drainage processes on cadmium(Cd)retention remain unclear.Herein,Cd-contaminated paddy soil was incubated for 40days of flooding and then for 15 days of drainage,and the underlying mechanisms of Cd immobilization coupled with Fe/S/N redox processes were investigated.The addition of ZVI to the flooding process was more conducive to Cd immobilization.Less potential available Cd was detected by adding ZVI before flooding,which may be due to the increase in paddy soil pH and newly formed secondary Fe minerals.Moreover,the reductive dissolution of Fe minerals promoted the release of soil colloids,thereby increasing significantly the surface sites and causing Cd immobilization.Additionally,the addition of ZVI before flooding played a vital role in Cd retention after soil drainage.In contrast,the addition of ZVI in the drainage phase was not conducive to Cd retention,which might be due to the rapid decrease in soil pH that inhibited Cd adsorption and further immobilization on soil surfaces.The findings of this study demonstrated that Cd availability in paddy soil was largely reduced by adding ZVI during the flooding period and provide a novel insight into the mechanisms of ZVI remediation in Cd-contaminated paddy soils.

关键词： Paddy soil Zero-valent iron Cadmium Flooding and drainage Remediation

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Functional characterization of Bmcap in uric acid metabolism in the silkworm

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 147-156页

作者： Linmeng Tang Dehong yang Zhiwei liu Yaohui Wang Xu yang Yujia liu Dongbin chen Zheng Tang Yongping Huang Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Central Research Institute Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co.Ltd.ShanghaiChina Departments of Neonatology International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare InstitutionSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

After a millennium of domestication,numerous silkworm mutants have emerged that exhibit transparent epidermis,which is caused by abnormally low levels of uric acid.We identified the Bombyx mori gene Bmcap(BMSK0003832)as the homolog of cappuccino,a subunit of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1(BLOC-1)that has been extensively characterized in human,mouse,and insect species,by analyzing the amino acid sequences of putative purine metabolism genes.Using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 system,we disrupted Bmcap,resulting in decreased uric acid levels in the silkworm epidermis and a translucent skin phenotype.In the Bmcap mutant,the purine metabolism,nitrogen metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,and membrane system were altered compared to the wild type.Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex genes play a role in the pigmentation and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles(LROs)in platelets,melanocytes,and megakaryocytes.LROs exhibit unique morphologies and functions in various tissues and cells.Investigation of the Bmcap mutant will enhance our understanding of the uric acid metabolic pathway in silkworms,and this mutant offers a valuable silkworm model for LRO studies.

关键词： BLOC-1 subunit Bombyx mori cappuccino translucent mutation uric acid

ARPES investigation of the electronic structure and its evolution in magnetic topological insulator MnBi2+2nTe4+3n family

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 81-93页

作者： Runzhe Xu Lixuan Xu Zhongkai liu Lexian yang Yulin chen State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of PhysicsTsinghua University School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University and CAS-Shanghai Science Research Center Shanghai Tech Laboratory for Topological Physics Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford

In the past 5 years,there has been significant research interest in the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator family compounds MnBi2+2nTe4+3n（where n=0,1,2…）.In particular,exfoliated thin films of MnBi2Te4have led to numerous experimental breakthroughs,such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect,axion insulator phase and high-Chern number quantum Hall effect without Landau levels.However,despite extensive efforts,the energy gap of the topological surface states due to exchange magnetic coupling,which is a key feature of the characteristic band structure of the system,remains experimentally elusive.The electronic structure measured by using angle-resolved photoemission （ARPES） shows significant deviation from ab initio prediction and scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements,making it challenging to understand the transport results based on the electronic structure.This paper reviews the measurements of the band structure of MnBi2+2nTe4+3nmagnetic topological insulators using ARPES,focusing on the evolution of their electronic structures with temperature,surface and bulk doping and film thickness.The aim of the review is to construct a unified picture of the electronic structure of MnBi2+2nTe4+3ncompounds and explore possible control of their topological properties.

关键词： magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 electronic structure angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Continuous preparation of strong and tough PVA nanocomposite fibers by mechanical stretching-assisted salting-out treatment

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3156-3163页

作者： Hang chen Guangze yang Yingzhi Sun Yichao Xu Mingjie liu Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of ChemistryBeihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Research Institute for Frontier Science Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Polymer composite fibers with superior properties such as excellent combined strength and toughness and biocompatibility can be used in high-tech applications of braided protective devices and smart wearable,however the research of high-performance polymer composite fiber remains in the infant stage.Here we present a strategy to produce strong and tough anisotropic polymer nanocomposite fibers with orientedly aligned salt rods using mechanical stretching-assisted salting-out treatment.The prepared nanocomposite fibers have a tensile strength of up to 786±2.7 MPa and an elongation at break of 81%,and the anisotropic fibers exhibit good transmission of mechanical vibration in the longitudinal direction with high resolution.During the fabrication process,the salt builds up into oriented rods during the directional salting process,and the polymer is confined to the 150 nm domain between the rods after the solvent is completely evaporated,giving the nanocomposite fibers superior mechanical properties.The presented strategy can be applied to the continuous mass production of nanocomposite fibers and is also generalizable to other polymer nanocomposites,which could extend the applicability of nanocomposite fibers to conditions involving more demanding mechanical loading and mechanical vibration transmission.

关键词： poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)nanofibers oriented structure ultrastrong and stiff mechanical vibration transmission salting out continuous production

Optimal SOC Headroom of Pump Storage Hydropower for Maximizing Joint Revenue from Day-ahead and Real-time Markets Under Regional Transmission Organization Dispatch

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 238-250页

作者： Yikui liu Bing Huang yang Lin Yonghong chen Lei Wu Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ 07030USA Midcontinent Independent System Operator Inc.CarmelIN 46032USA

In response to the increasing penetration of volatile and uncertain renewable energy,the regional transmission organizations(RTOs)have been recently focusing on enhancing the models of pump storage hydropower(PSH)plants,which are one of the key flexibility assets in the day-ahead(DA)and real-time(RT)markets,to further boost their flexibility provision potentials.Inspired by the recent research works that explored the potential benefits of excluding PSHs’cost-related terms from the objective functions of the DA market clearing model,this paper completes a rolling RT market scheme that is compatible with the DA market.Then,with the vision that PSHs could be permitted to submit state-of-charge(SOC)headrooms in the DA market and to release them in the RT market,this paper uncovers that PSHs could increase the total revenues from the two markets by optimizing their SOC headrooms,assisted by the proposed tri-level optimal SOC headroom model.Specifically,in the proposed tri-level model,the middle and lower levels respectively mimic the DA and RT scheduling processes of PSHs,and the upper level determines the optimal headrooms to be submitted to the RTO for maximizing the total revenue from the two markets.Numerical case studies quantify the profitability of the optimal SOC headroom submissions as well as the associated financial risks.

关键词： Pump storage hydropower energy market state-of-charge(SOC) headroom market revenue tri-level problem

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KSKV:Key-Strategy for Key-Value Data Collection with Local Differential Privacy

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3063-3083页

作者： Dan Zhao yang You Chuanwen Luo Ting chen yang liu Artificial Intelligence Development Research Center Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of ChinaBeijing100038China Industry Development Department NSFOCUS Inc.BeijingChina School of Information Science and Technology Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China Institute of Computing Technology China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation LimitedBeijing10081China

In recent years,the research field of data collection under local differential privacy(LDP)has expanded its focus fromelementary data types to includemore complex structural data,such as set-value and graph data.However,our comprehensive review of existing literature reveals that there needs to be more studies that engage with key-value data collection.Such studies would simultaneously collect the frequencies of keys and the mean of values associated with each key.Additionally,the allocation of the privacy budget between the frequencies of keys and the means of values for each key does not yield an optimal utility tradeoff.Recognizing the importance of obtaining accurate key frequencies and mean estimations for key-value data collection,this paper presents a novel framework:the Key-Strategy Framework forKey-ValueDataCollection under LDP.Initially,theKey-StrategyUnary Encoding(KS-UE)strategy is proposed within non-interactive frameworks for the purpose of privacy budget allocation to achieve precise key frequencies;subsequently,the Key-Strategy Generalized Randomized Response(KS-GRR)strategy is introduced for interactive frameworks to enhance the efficiency of collecting frequent keys through group-anditeration methods.Both strategies are adapted for scenarios in which users possess either a single or multiple key-value pairs.Theoretically,we demonstrate that the variance of KS-UE is lower than that of existing methods.These claims are substantiated through extensive experimental evaluation on real-world datasets,confirming the effectiveness and efficiency of the KS-UE and KS-GRR strategies.

关键词： Key-value local differential privacy frequency estimation mean estimation data perturbation

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1(PGC-1)family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1249-1292页

作者： Lu Qian Yanli Zhu Chao Deng Zhenxing Liang Junmin chen Ying chen Xue Wang Yanqing liu Ye Tian yang yang Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Xi'an No.3 HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Northwest UniversityNorthwest UniversityXi'an 710021China Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineNorthwest University229 Taibai North RoadXi'an 710069China Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University277 Yanta West RoadXi'an 710061China Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University1 Jianshe EastZhengzhou 450052China Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaotongUniversity277 Yanta West RoadXi'an 710061China

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1(PGC-1)family(PGC-1s),consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1a,PGC-1β,and PGC-1-related coactivator(PRC),was discovered more than a quarter-century ago.PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events,including mitochondrial functions,oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis,and inflammation.Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases,such as cancers,cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases,neurological disorders,kidney diseases,motor system diseases,and metabolic disorders.Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s.Furthermore,discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods.In this review,we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network,discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGc-1s in human diseases,review the application of PGC-1s,including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies,and suggest several directions for future investigations.This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.

关键词： diseases life precise

Development of a novel fabricating thin-walled TA2 titanium tube via high-frequency induction welding

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第2期34卷 314-322页

作者： Yanfeng liu Qi chen Jibing chen Junsheng yang Shijie Dong School of Mechanical Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic University Hubei Sanjiang Aerospace Jiangbei Mechanical Engineering Co. Ltd

Due to the problems of low welding efficiency, large heat-affected zone, and poor welding quality in the process of welding thin-walled titanium tubes by argon arc welding, there are few studies on the use of high-frequency induction welding(HFIW) of thin-walled titanium alloy tubes. The evolution law of weld microstructure and mechanical properties of the thin-walled titanium tube needs to be further studied because of rapid welding speed and the small heat-affected zone of HFIW. Therefore, a novel manufacturing method via high-frequency induction welding is proposed in this paper to solve the existing problems. With an industrial-grade titanium TA2 tube(wall's thickness is 0.5 mm) as the research object, a comparative study is conducted in this research to examine the morphology, microstructure, microhardness, and tensile characteristics of welded joints at different welding power. The findings demonstrated a significant efficacy of HFIW in resolving these challenges. The mechanical properties and microstructue of heat-affected zone(HAZ) were characterized. The lowest hardness is measured at202 HV, while the base material was recorded as 184 HV, when the welding speed of HFIW is set at 50 m/min.Meanwhile, the heat-affected zone has the highest hardness at 224 HV, a tensile strength of 446.8 MPa and a postfracture elongation of 16%. The results showed that HFIW can not only greatly improve the welding efficiency,significantly improve the microstructure of weld joint and HAZ, and improve the mechanical properties of thinwalled titanium pipe, but also provide a highly feasible welding method for welding ultra-thin-walled pipes.

关键词： Heat-affected zone High-frequency induction welding Mechanical property Microstructure TA2 titanium Thin-walled tube