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Single-cell RNA sequencing to understand host-virus interactions

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 1-8页

作者： Jia-Tong Chang Li-Bo liu Pei-Gang Wang jing An Department of Microbiology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has allowed for the profiling of host and virus transcripts and host-virus interactions at single-cell *** review summarizes the existing scRNA-seq technologies together with their strengths and *** applications of scRNA-seq in various virological studies are discussed in depth,which broaden the understanding of the immune atlas,host-virus interactions,and immune ***-seq can be widely used for virology in the near future to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms and discover more effective therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) Host-virus interaction COVID-19 Flavivirus

Influences of lauric acid addition on performance,nutrient digestibility and proteins related to mammary gland development in dairy cows

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 272-283页

作者： jing Zhang Lijun Bu Yapeng liu Wenjie Huo Chengqiang Xia Caixia Pei Qiang liu College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801Shanxi ProvinceChina

Lauric acid(LA)has the possibility to improve milk production in dairy cows by improving mammary gland development,however,the mechanism by which it might regulate mammary gland development is *** influence of LA on milk production,nutrient digestibility and the expression of proteins related to mammary gland development in dairy cows were *** primiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided into 4 groups in a randomized block *** treatments included the control(0 g/d LA per cow),low-LA(100 g/d LA per cow),medium-LA(200 g/d LA per cow),and high-LA(300 g/d LA per cow).Yields of milk,fat-corrected milk,and energy-corrected milk quadratically increased(Pfat linearly increased(Pfatty acids in milk fat linearly increased(Pfatty acid linearly decreased(P=0.046).Supplementation of LA led to a linear and quadratical increase(Pfatty acid concentration but a linear reduction(P=0.018)in the ratio of acetate to *** enzymatic activities of ruminal pectinase,xylanase,andα-amylase,and populations of total bacteria and anaerobic fungi increased linearly(Pfactor 1 concentrations increased linearly(Pfatty acids *** results suggested that LA addition enhanced milk production and fatty acids synthesis by stimulating nutrient digestion,the expression of proteins associated with milk fat synth

关键词： Lactation performance Lauric acid Mammary gland development Milk fat synthesis Nutrient digestibility

The chemical structures,biosynthesis,and biological activities of secondary metabolites from the culinary-medicinal mushrooms of the genus Hericium:a review

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第8期22卷 676-698页

作者： QI Jianzhao WU jing KANG Shijie GAO jingming Hirokazu Kawagishi liu Hongwei liu Chengwei Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products&Chemical Biology College of Chemistry&PharmacyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China faculty of Agriculture Shizuoka UniversityShizuoka 422-8529Japan State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Fungal phytochemicals derived from higher fungi,particularly those from the culinary-medicinal genus Hericium,have gained significant attention in drug discovery and *** review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the chemical structures,biosynthetic pathways,biological activities,and pharmacological properties of monomeric compounds isolated from Hericium *** the past 34 years,253 metabolites have been identified from various Hericium species,including cyathane diterpenes,alkaloids,benzofurans,chromenes,phenols,pyrones,steroids,and other miscellaneous *** investigations into the biosynthesis of erinacines,a type of cyathane diterpene,have led to the discovery of novel cyathane *** research has highlighted the biological activities and pharmacological properties of Hericium-derived compounds,with particular emphasis on their neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects,immunomodulatory capabilities,anti-cancer activity,antioxidant properties,and antimicrobial *** A,in particular,has been extensively ***,transcriptomic,and proteomic analyses of Hericium species have facilitated the discovery of new compounds and provided insights into enzymatic reactions through genome *** diverse chemical structures and biological activities of Hericium compounds underpin their potential applications in medicine and as dietary *** review not only advances our understanding of Hericium compounds but also encourages further research into Hericium species within the realms of medicine,health,functional foods,and agricultural *** broad spectrum of compound types and their diverse biological activities present promising opportunities for the development of new pharmaceuticals and edible products.

关键词： Hericium Secondary metabolites Biological activity Biosynthesis

Effects of weaning on intestinal longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus function in piglets

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 379-390页

作者： jing Li Fenfen liu Kaibin Mo Hengjia Ni Yulong Yin Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessHunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry SciencesSouth Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100008China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China

Weaning piglets usually suffer from severe diarrhea(commonly known as postweaning diarrhea,PWD)along with intestinal motility *** peristalsis is mainly regulated by the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus(LM-MP).To understand the relationship between intestinal LM-MP function and the development of PWD,we compared the intestinal electrical activity,and the transcriptional profile of the LM-MP between 21-day-old piglets(just weaned,n=7)and 24-day-old piglets(suffered the most severe weaning stress,n=7).The results showed that 24-day-old piglets exhibited different degrees of diarrhea.A significant increase in the slow-wave frequency in the ileum and colon was observed in 24-day-old piglets,while c-kit expression in the intestinal LM-MPs was significantly decreased,indicating that PWD caused by elevated slow-wave frequency may be associated with loss of *** real-time quantitative PCR(RT-q PCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)showed that intestinal LM-MPs in 24-day-old piglets may undergo inflammation and oxidative *** increases in 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and decreases in thioredoxin suggest that weaning may lead to DNA damage in the LM-MP of 24-day-old *** addition,activating transcription factor 3 was significantly upregulated,indicating nerve damage in the LM-MP of 24-day-old *** transcriptomic results showed that most of the differentially expressed genes in the ileal LM-MP after weaning were downregulated and closely related to the cell cycle *** RT-q PCR analysis showed that the relative expression of p21 was upregulated,while the expression of cyclin A2,cyclin B1,and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was downregulated in the ileal and colonic LM-MP of 24-day-old piglets,suggesting that weaning may inhibit cell proliferation and cause G1/S cell cycle arrest in ileal and colonic *** conclusion,weaning may lead to cell cycle arrest by causing DNA damage in the LM-MP,impairing i

关键词： weaning piglets diarrhea longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus

Arbuscular mycorrhizae status of host plant affects offspring’s phenotype and transcriptome expression in a low-phosphorus environment

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第2期17卷 173-187页

作者： Shijun liu jing Xu Hong Huang Jianjun Tang Xin Chen Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Liaoning Province School of Life SciencesLiaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116081China College of Life Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China The Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizers Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310021China

Although the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on host plants have been well documented,whether the effects of AMF on parental generations affect offspring performance is not fully *** conducted a common garden experiment to determine whether AMF status of host plants(Medicago truncatula)affects phenotype and transcriptome expression of their *** from four type parental treatments(low-phosphorus(P)soil without AMF,low-P soil with AMF,high-P soil without AMF and high-P soil with AMF)were grown under low-P(LPS)and normal-P soil(OHS)*** fowering pattern of LP offspring was similar to their parents,such that plants with AMF fowered earlier than those without AMF under OHS condition but were opposite under LPS *** transcriptome differential analysis showed that some differential transcripts(45 for parental plants growing under low-P condition and 3 for parental plants growing under high-P condition)expression patterns between offspring were comparable,and that only affected by parental AMF status regardless of the P environment that offspring was ***(146 for parental plants growing under low-P condition and 2 for parental plants growing under high-P condition),however,were affected both by the parental AMF status and the offspring P *** addition,the number of differential transcripts between offspring whose parental plants grew under high-P condition was far less than under low-P *** results indicate that AMF may not only affect the current generation of host plants but also affect the offspring especially when their parents have experienced a stressful environment.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi low-phosphorus environment fowering pattern transgenerational effects transcriptome differential analysis

A buffer overflow detection and defense method based on RiSC-V instruction set extension

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Cybersecurity 2024年第2期7卷 28-43页

作者： Chang liu Yan-Jun Wu jing-Zheng Wu Chen Zhao Intelligent Software Research Center Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBejingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Buffer overflow poses a serious threat to the memory security of modern operating *** overwrites the con-tents of other memory areas by breaking through the buffer capacity limit,destroys the system execution environ-ment,and provides implementation space for various system attacks such as program control flow *** makes it a wide range of harms.A variety of security technologies have been proposed to deal with system security problems including buffer *** example,No eXecute(NX for short)is a memory management technology commonly used in Harvard *** can refuse the execution of code which residing in a specific memory,and can effectively suppress the abnormal impact of buffer overflow on control ***,in recent years,it has also been used in the field of system security,deriving a series of solutions based on NX technology,such as ExecShield,DEP,StackGuard,***,these security solutions often rely too much on the processor archi-tecture so that the protection coverage is insufficient and the accuracy is *** in the emerging system architecture field represented by RiSC-V,there is still a lack of effective solutions for buffer overflow *** the continuous rapid development of the system architecture,it is urgent to develop defense methods that are applicable to different system application environments and oriented to all executable memory spaces to meet the needs of system security ***,we propose BOP,A new system memory security design method based on RISC-V extended instructions,to build a RISC-V buffer overflow detection and defense system and deal with the buffer overflow threat in *** to this method,NX technology can be combined with program control flow analysis,and Nx bit mechanism can be used to manage the executability of memory space,so as to achieve a more granular detection and defense of buffer overflow attacks that may occur in RISC-V system

关键词： RISc-V Operating system security Buffer overflow Control flow hijacking Nx bit Xibop

Characteristics,origins,and significance of pyrites in deep-water shales

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 313-342页

作者： Chao LIANG Shichao JI Yingchang CAO Keyu liu jing WU fang HAO National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdao266000China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resource Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao266071China College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China

As important metal sulfides in the geochemical cycle of sulfur,the characteristics and formation processes of pyrites can provide useful clues regarding their *** on previous findings,shale pyrites were divided into three major classes(euhedral pyrites,framboidal pyrites(framboids)and metasomatic pyrites)and six sub-classes in this *** the microscopic scale,each type of pyrite is associated with a different formation *** are formed by burst nucleation in environments with a homogeneous distribution of nutrients while euhedral pyrites are usually formed on pre-existing sites(such as=FeS on the minerals surface)in the heterogeneous *** pyrites formed by the replacement of other ions in accountable material by iron ions and hydrogen sulfide ions in hydrothermal *** morphology and isotope value of pyrite provide information to track the origins of their nutrient and characteristics of sulfur and iron *** addition,the trace element content of pyrite can serve as a proxy for paleo-ocean trace element abundance,indicating changes in atmospheric oxygen ***,pyrite can also serves as an indicator of shale gas reservoirs.

关键词： Shale Pyrite Sulfate reduction reaction Isotope fractionation Pyrite element

Complementary-Label Adversarial Domain Adaptation fault Diagnosis Network under Time-Varying Rotational Speed and Weakly-Supervised Conditions

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 761-777页

作者： Siyuan liu Jinying Huang Jiancheng Ma Licheng jing Yuxuan Wang School of Data Science and Technology North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051China School of Mechanical Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051China

Recent research in cross-domain intelligence fault diagnosis of machinery still has some problems,such as relatively ideal speed conditions and sample *** engineering practice,the rotational speed of the machine is often transient and time-varying,which makes the sample annotation increasingly ***,the number of samples collected from different health states is often *** deal with the above challenges,a complementary-label(CL)adversarial domain adaptation fault diagnosis network(CLADAN)is proposed under time-varying rotational speed and weakly-supervised *** the weakly supervised learning condition,machine prior information is used for sample annotation via cost-friendly complementary label learning.A diagnosticmodel learning strategywith discretized category probabilities is designed to avoidmulti-peak distribution of prediction *** adversarial training process,we developed virtual adversarial regularization(VAR)strategy,which further enhances the robustness of the model by adding adversarial perturbations in the target *** experiments on two case studies validated the superior performance of the proposed method.

关键词： Time-varying rotational speed weakly-supervised fault diagnosis domain adaptation

A fast and high-accurate commutation failure identification method for LCC-HVDC system

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High Voltage 2024年第3期9卷 721-732页

作者： jing Feng Zhijie liu Kejun Li Bingkun Li Jiachen Li Liangzi Li School of Electrical Engineering Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina

Commutation failure(CF)is one of the most common issues in line-commuted converter-based high voltage direct current systems(LCC-HVDC),leading to critical power system security and stability *** and rapid identification of CF is crucial to prevent subsequent CF in HVDC ***,the existing CF identi-fication methods are lack of the required accuracy and *** relationship between bridge arm current,commutation voltage,and trigger pulse based on the commutation progress mechanism after the AC fault is analysed in this paper.A novel CF identification method is presented,which utilises the CF identification factor,enabling fast and high-accurate identification without relying on the value of the extinction *** pro-posed method offers a simpler and more efficient implementation in engineering ***,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in both the standard In-ternational Council on Large Electric systems HVDC model and the Hardware in Loop test using practical project *** results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately and fast identify CF.

关键词： system method LCC