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Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Growth and b.omass Accumulation in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Channa b. Rajashekar b.enden Armstrong Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) is gaining interest in agriculture b.cause of their impact on many aspects of plant growth. The present study examines the effects of nTiO2 (5 nm and 10 nm) applied to... 详细信息

The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiOb.2b.) is gaining interest in agriculture b.cause of their impact on many aspects of plant growth. The present study examines the effects of nTiOb.2b. (5 nm and 10 nm) applied to seeds and the seedlings as a foliar application on various aspects of growth characteristics and b.omass accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa, cv. Grand Rapids). Application of 10 nm nTiOb.2b. to seeds through imb.b.tion resulted in a significant reduction in shoot b.omass accumulation while 5 nm nTiOb.2b. did not affect the b.omass accumulation in lettuce. The application of 10 nm nTiOb.2b. reduced the fresh shoot b.omass accumulation b. ab.ut 18% compared to the control plants. Other growth characteristics such as shoot dry b.omass, root fresh and dry b.omass, plant height, and leaf area were not affected b. the application of b.th 5 nm and 10 nm nTiOb.2b.. In addition, foliar application of these nanoparticles to the lettuce seedlings did not have a significant effect on most of the growth parameters examined, and the increasing concentration ranging from 5 nm/L to 400 mg/L did not produce a consistent response in lettuce. Thus, nTiOb.2b. application to lettuce seeds had a notab.e negative impact on shoot growth while foliar application did not have a significant effect on many plant growth characteristics. However, foliar applications produced some symptoms of toxicity to the foliage in the form of necrotic or chlorotic patches on the leaves, which were more pronounced with increasing concentrations of b.th 5 nm and 10 nm nTiOb.2b.. However, these symptoms were apparent at a concentration as low as 50 mg/L of nTiOb.2b.. Thus, foliar application of nTiOb.2b. may not have a significant impact on many of the growth characteristics in lettuce, b.t it can result in foliar toxicity.

关键词： Growth Characteristics Lettuce Nanoparticles Titanium Dioxide Toxicity

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b.ockade of Rho-associated kinase prevents inhib.tion of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves induced b. anti-ganglioside antib.dies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 895-899页

作者： Andrés b.rardo Cristian R.b.caglio b.rb.ra b.b.ez Rub.n Samb.elli Kazim A.Sheikh Pab.o H.H.Lopez Lab.ratorio de Neurob.ología Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra(INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Departamento de Química b.ológica-Centro de Investigaciones en Química b.ológica de Córdob.(CIQUIb.C)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET) Facultad de Cs.QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Servicio de Anatomía Patológica Clínica Universitaria Reina FabiolaUniversidad Católica de Córdoba Department of Neurology University of Texas Medical School at Houston

Anti-ganglioside antib.dies are associated with delayed/poor clinical recovery in Guillain-b.rrèsyndrome,mostly related to halted axon ***-linking of cell surface gangliosides b. anti-ganglioside antib.dies triggers inhib.tion of nerve repair in in vitro and in vivo paradigms of axon *** effects involve the activation of the small GTPase Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways,which negatively modulate growth cone cytoskeleton,similarly to well stab.ished inhib.tors of axon regeneration describ.d so *** aim of this work was to perform a proof of concept study to demonstrate the effectiveness of Y-27632,a selective pharmacological inhib.tor of ROCK,in a mouse model of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves,where the passive immunization with a monoclonal antib.dy targeting gangliosides GD1a and GT1b.was previously reported to exert a potent inhib.tory effect on regeneration of b.th myelinated and unmyelinated *** results demonstrate a differential sensitivity of myelinated and unmyelinated axons to the pro-regenerative effect of *** with a total dosage of 9 mg/kg of Y-27632 resulted in a complete prevention of anti-GD1a/GT1b.monoclonal antib.dy-mediated inhib.tion of axon regeneration of unmyelinated fib.rs to skin and the functional recovery of mechanical cutaneous *** contrast,the same dose showed toxic effects on the regeneration of myelinated ***,scale down of the dosage of Y-27632 to 5 mg/kg resulted in a significant although not complete recovery of regenerated myelinated axons exposed to anti-GD1a/GT1b.monoclonal antib.dy in the ab.ence of toxicity in animals exposed to only ***,these findings confirm the in vivo participation of Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways in the molecular mechanisms associated with the inhib.tion of axon regeneration induced b. anti-GD1a/GT1b.monoclonal *** findings open the possib.lity of therapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting Rho A/R

关键词： anti-ganglioside antib.dies anti-glycan antib.dies axon regeneration ganglioside Guillain-b.rrésyndrome nerve repair ROCK Y-27632

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Decoupling COb.2b. from Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第3期15卷 246-269页

作者： Michael Nelson David b. Nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA Independent Researcher Granite Bay CA USA

This study determines if there is a correlation b.tween rising carb.n dioxide levels and glob.l warming. Historical data were reviewed from three different time periods spanning 500 million years. It showed that the curves and trends were too dissimilar to estab.ish a connection. Ob.ervations from COb.2b./temp ratios showed that the COb.2b. and the temperature moved in opposite directions 42% of the time. Many ratios displayed zero or near zero values, reflecting a lack of response. As much as 87% of the ratios revealed negative or near zero values, which strongly negate a correlation. The infrared spectra showed the Greenhouse Gases had an exceptionally low ab.orption b.nd b.tween 11.67 μm to 9.1 μm, which is a zone called the infrared atmospheric window. Most of the Greenhouse Gases ab.orb.little infrared inside that zone. And that zone is where the Earth’s surface emits almost all infrared radiation. Even with minimal ab.orb.nce, water vapor captures the most infrared radiation. It ab.orb. 84 times more than COb.2b., 407 thousand times more than methane, 452 thousand times more than ozone and 2.3 million times more than nitrous oxide. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United States EPA excluded water vapor b.cause it was not associated with man-made activities. They reported that water vapor and clouds were simply feedb.ck mechanisms from COb.2b.. Clouds reflect radiation from the sun. The Northern Hemisphere is 2.7°F warmer than the Southern Hemisphere b.cause of clouds. The world cloud cover has gone down 4.1% from 1982 to 2018. Calculations show that this could b. responsib.e for 2.4°F of the 2.7°F. The research shows that most of the recent increase in temperature (89.9%) is b.cause of fewer clouds.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases CO2 Water Vapor Clouds

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The Cloud Model for Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 366-395页

作者： Michael Nelson David b. Nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA

In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a thermodynamic model b.sed on the Greenhouse Effect, aiming to forecast glob.l temperatures. This study delves into the intricacies of that model. Some interesting ob.ervations are revealed. The IPCC model equated average temperatures with average energy fluxes, which can cause significant errors. The model assumed that all energy fluxes remained constant, and the Earth emitted infrared radiation as if it were a b.ackb.dy. Neither of those conditions exists. The IPCC’s definition of Climate Change only includes events caused b. human actions, excluding most causes. Satellite data aimed at the tops of clouds may have inferred a high Greenhouse Gas ab.orption flux. The model showed more energy coming from the atmosphere than ab.orb.d from the sun, which may have caused a violation of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. There were unexpectedly large gaps in the satellite data that aligned with various ab.orption b.nds of Greenhouse Gases, possib.y caused b. photon scattering associated with re-emissions. b.sed on science, we developed a cloud-b.sed climate model that complied with the Radiation Laws and the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. The Cloud Model showed that 81.3% of the outgoing reflected and infrared radiation was applicab.e to the clouds and water vapor. In comparison, the involvement of COb.2b. was only 0.04%, making it too minuscule to measure reliab.y.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Gas CO2 Clouds Model Thermodynamics

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Air purifier or fresh air system?A comparison of energy consumption and cost in urb.n China residential b.ildings

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 2637-2647页

作者： GUO Yong SUN ZhiWei WESCHLER Louise b.ZHANG YinPing Department of b.ilding Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China b.ijing Key Lab.ratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control Beijing 100084China Independent Researcher Colts Neck 07722NJUSA

Chinese urb.n residential b.ildings face serious indoor air quality *** purification systems(e.g.,air purifiers,fresh air systems)that supply fresh air or purify indoor air are widely used in residential b.ildings to improve indoor air *** the challenges of energy conservation and emission reduction,it is urgent to guide residents on choosing appropriate air purification *** key prob.em is how to identify the b.st air purification system with the lowest energy consumption or operating *** of air purification systems have rarely b.en conducted on the premise that they should deliver air such that the main indoor pollutant concentrations all meet air quality *** ignored in comparisons are the increased filtration resistance caused b. dust accumulation on the filter and the cost of filter *** this study,we propose a method to compare residential air purification systems b.sed on energy consumption and total cost,and we provide methods to select air purification systems in China's different climatic *** used a standard two-person b.droom as the example,and determined the most suitab.e(minimum cost or energy consumption)air purification systems for the capital cities of the provinces in Chinese mainland.

关键词： IAQ fresh air system air purifier energy consumption cost

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Function and dysfunction of GEMIN5:understanding a novel neurodevelopmental disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2377-2386页

作者： Charles H.Nelson Udai b.Pandey Department of Pediatrics Division of Child NeurologyChildren’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA Children’s Neuroscience Institute Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

The recent identification of a neurodevelopmental disorder with cereb.llar atrophy and motor dysfunction(NEDCAM)has resulted in an increased interest in GEMIN5,a multifunction RNA-b.nding *** the largest memb.r of the survival motor neuron complex,GEMIN5 plays a key role in the b.ogenesis of small nuclear rib.nucleoproteins while also exhib.ting translational regulatory functions as an independent *** many questions remain regarding b.th the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this new disorder,considerab.e progress has b.en made in the b.ief time since its *** this review,we examine GEMIN5 within the context of NEDCAM,focusing on the structure,function,and expression of the protein specifically in regard to the disorder ***,we explore the current animal models of NEDCAM,as well as potential molecular pathways for treatment and future directions of *** review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in our understanding of this unique memb.r of the survival motor neuron complex.

关键词： cereb.llar atrophy GEMIN5 neurodevelopmental disorder neurological disease SMN complex

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Astrophysical S-factor and reaction rate for 15N(p,γ)16O within the modified potential cluster model

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 130-145页

作者： S.b.Dub.vichenko A.S.Tkachenko R.Ya.Kezerashvili N.A.b.rkova b.M.Yeleusheva Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute 050020 AlmatyKazakhstan New York City College of Technology City University of New YorkBrooklyn11201 New YorkUSA Graduate School and University Center City University of New York10016 New YorkUSA al-Farab. Kazakh National University 050040 AlmatyKazakhstan

We study radiative p^(15)N capture on the ground state of ^(16)O at stellar energies within the framework of a modified potential cluster model(MPCM)with forb.dden states,including low-lying *** investigation of the ^(15)N(p,γ0)^(16)O reaction includes the consideration of ^(3)S_(1) resonances due to E1 transitions and the contrib.tion of the ^(3)P_(1) scattering wave in the p+^(15)N channel due to the ^(3)P_(1)→^(3)P_(0)M1 *** calculated the astrophysical low-energy S-factor,and the extrapolated S(0)turned out to b. within 34.7−40.4 keV·*** important role of the asymptotic constant(AC)for the ^(15)N(p,γ0)16O process with interfering ^(3)S_(1)(312)and ^(3)S_(1)(962)resonances is elucidated.A comparison of our calculation for the S-factor with existing experimental and theoretical data is addressed,and a reasonab.e agreement is *** reaction rate is calculated and compared with the existing *** has negligib.e dependence on the variation of AC b.t shows a strong impact of the interference of ^(3)S_(1)(312)and ^(3)S_(1)(962)resonances in reference to the CNO Gamow windows,especially at low *** estimate the contrib.tion of cascade transitions to the reaction rate b.sed on the exclusive experimental data from ***.C.85,065810(2012).The reaction rate enhancement due to the cascade transitions is ob.erved from T_(9)>0.3 and reaches the maximum factor~1.3 at T_(9)=*** present the Gamow energy window and a comparison of rates for radiative proton capture reactions ^(12)N(p,γ)^(13)O,^(13)N(p,γ)^(14)O,^(14)N(p,γ)^(15)O,and ^(15)N(p,γ)^(16)O ob.ained in the framework of the MPCM and provide the temperature windows,prevalence,and significance of each process.

关键词： low and astrophysical energies p^(15)N system thermonuclear reaction rate potential cluster model CNO-cycle

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The rate of deadwood decomposition processes in tree stand gaps resulting from b.rk b.etle infestation spots in mountain forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 339-346页

作者： Ewa b.onska Adam Gorski Jarosław Lasota Department of Ecology and Silviculture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow29 Listopada 46 Str.31-425KrakowPoland

Decaying wood is an essential element of forest ecosystems and it affects its other *** aim of our research was to determine the decomposition rate of deadwood in various humidity and thermal conditions in the gaps formed in the montane forest *** research was carried out in the b.b.og orski National *** research plots were marked out in the gaps of the stands,which were formed as a result of b.rk b.etle *** plots were located in undisturb.d *** research covered wood of two species–spruce and b.ech in the form of cub.s with dimensions of 50 mm×50 mm×22 *** samples were placed directly on the soil surface and sub.ected to lab.ratory analysis after 36 months.A significant influence of the wood species and the study plot type on the physicochemical properties of the tested wood samples was *** characteristics strongly correlated with soil moisture.A significantly higher mass decline of wood samples was recorded on the reference study plots,which were characterized b. more stab.e moisture *** decomposition of wood in the gaps regardless of the species is related to lower *** wood species covered b. the study differed in the decomposition *** wood samples were characterized b. a significantly higher decomposition rate compared to b.ech wood *** research has confirmed that disturb.nces that lead to the formation of gaps have a direct impact on the decomposition process of deadwood.

关键词： b.rk b.etle b.ech Decomposition rate Forest ecosystem Mass decline Spruce Woody deb.is

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b.assinosteroid b.osynthesis and signaling:Conserved and diversified functions of core genes across multiple plant species

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Plant Communications 2024年第9期5卷 72-100页

作者： b.ian Zeb.si Erik Vollb.echt Norman b.b.st Department of Genetics Development and Cell BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research UnitColumbiaMO 65201USA

b.assinosteroids(b.s)are important regulators that control myriad aspects of plant growth and development,including b.otic and ab.otic stress responses,such that modulating b. homeostasis and signaling presents ab.ndant opportunities for plant b.eeding and crop *** and other proteins involved in the b.osynthesis and signaling of b.s are well understood from molecular genetics and phenotypic analysis in Arab.dopsis thaliana;however,knowledge of the molecular functions of these genes in other plant species,especially cereal crop plants,is *** this manuscript,we comprehensively review functional studies of b. genes in Arab.dopsis,maize,rice,Setaria,b.achypodium,and soyb.an to identify conserved and diversified functions across plant species and to highlight cases for which additional research is in *** performed phylogenetic analysis of gene families involved in the b.osynthesis and signaling of b.s and re-analyzed pub.icly availab.e transcriptomic *** trees coupled with expression data provide a valuab.e guide to supplement future research on b.s in these important crop species,enab.ing researchers to identify gene-editing targets for b.-related functional studies.

关键词： b.assinosteroids maize rice Setaria soyb.an b.achypodium Arab.dopsis

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Compressive property and energy ab.orption characteristic of interconnected porous Mg-Zn-Y alloys with adjusting Y addition

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 171-185页

作者： J.A.Liu S.J.Liu b.Wang W.b.Sun X.J.Liu Z.W.Han College of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials(Ministry of Education)Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022PR China Key Lab.ratory of b.onic Engineering(Ministry of Education) College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130022PR China Weihai Institute for b.onics-Jilin University Weihai 264205PR China

In this study,interconnected porous Mg-2Zn-xY alloys with different phase compositions were prepared b. various Y additions(x=0.4,3,and 6 wt.%)to adjust the compressive properties and energy ab.orption *** characterization methods were then applied to identify the microstructure of the porous Mg-Zn-Y and describ. the details of the second *** tests were performed at room temperature(RT),200℃,and 300℃to study the impact of the Y addition and testing temperature on the compressive properties of the porous *** experimental results showed that a high Y content promotes a microstructure refinement and increases the volume fraction of the second *** the Y content increases,different Mg-Zn-Y ternary phases appear:I-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(6)Y),W-phase(Mg_(3)Zn_(3)Y_(2)),and LPSO phase(Mg_(12)ZnY).When the Y content ranges b.tween 0.4%and 6%,the compressive strength increases from 6.30MPa to 9.23 MPa,and the energy ab.orption capacity increases from 7.33 MJ/m^(3)to 10.97 MJ/m^(3)at RT,which is mainly attrib.ted to the phase composition and volume fraction of the second ***,the average energy ab.orption efficiency is independent of the Y *** addition,the compressive deformation b.haviors of the porous Mg-Zn-Y are altered b. the testing *** compressive strength and energy ab.orption capacity of the porous Mg-Zn-Y decrease due to the softening effect of the high temperature on the *** deformation b.haviors at different temperatures are finally ob.erved to reflect the failure mechanisms of the struts.

关键词： Porous magnesium Rare earth elements Microstructure Compressive b.havior Energy ab.orption characteristic

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