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Absence of Na^+/sugar cotransport activity in Barrett's metaplasia

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第9期14卷 1365-1369页

作者： lisa j murray Owen Tully David S Rudolph Marysue Whitby Mary C Valenzano Giancarlo Mercogliano james j Thornton james M Mullin Lankenau Institute for Medical Research WynnewoodPAUnited States Saint Joseph's UniversityDepartment of BiologyPhiladelphiaPA 19096United States Lankenau Hospital Department of Medicine WynnewoodPA 19096United States Lankenau Hospital Department of MedicineWynnewoodPA 19096 United States Lankenau Institute for Medical Research WynnewoodPAUnited States Lankeanu Hospital Division of GastroenterologyWynnewood PA 19096United States Lankeanu Hospital Division of GastroenterologyWynnewoodPA 19096United States

AIM:To evaluate the presence of Na+-dependent, active, sugar transport in Barrett's epithelia as an intestinal biomarker, based on the well-documented, morphological intestinal phenotype of Barrett's esophagus (BE). METHODS: We examined uptake of the nonmeta- bolizable glucose analogue, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside (AMG), a substrate for the entire sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) family of transport proteins. During upper endoscopy, patients with BE or with uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) allowed for duodenal, gastric fundic, and esophageal mucosal biopsies to be taken. Biopsies were incubated in bicarbonate-buffered saline (KRB) containing 0.1 mmol/L 14C-AMG for 60 min at 20℃. Characterized by abundant SGLT, duodenum served as a positive control while gastric fundus and normal esophagus, known to lack SGLT, served as negative controls. RESULTS: Duodenal biopsies accumulated 249.84 ± 35.49 (SEM) picomoles AMG/μg DNA (n = 12), gastric fundus biopsies 36.20 ± 6.62 (n = 12), normal esophagus 12.10 ± 0.59 (n = 3) and Barrett's metaplasia 29.79 ± 5.77 (n = 8). There was a statistical difference (P < 0.01) between biopsies from duodenum and each other biopsy site but there was no statistically significant difference between normal esophagus and BE biopsies. 0.5 mmol/L phlorizin (PZ) inhibited AMG uptake into duodenal mucosa by over 89%, but had nosignificant effect on AMG uptake into gastric fundus, normal esophagus, or Barrett's tissue. In the absence of Na+ (all Na+ salts replaced by Li+ salts), AMG uptake in duodenum was decreased by over 90%, while uptake into gastric, esophageal or Barrett's tissue was statistically unaffected. CONCLUSION: Despite the intestinal enterocyte phenotype of BE, Na+-dependent, sugar transport activity is not present in these cells.

关键词：巴雷特组织转化癌症钠离子/葡萄糖协同运输根皮苷

Ocular therapies for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: more than meets the eye

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1755-1756页

作者： Samantha j.murray Nadia L.Mitchell Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses(NCLs),also known as Batten disease,are a group of inherited,neurodegenerative,lysosomal storage diseases typically manifesting in *** are currently 13 known forms of NCL resulting from various mutations in the CLN(ceroid lipofuscinoses neuronal)genes(CLN1-8 and CLN10-14).Although varying in onset and severity,the NCLs share several phenotypic features including seizures,motor dysfunction,cognitive decline,and progressive loss of vision(Mole et al.,2011).Current treatment strategies being investigated in pre-clinical studies and early stage clinical trials primarily target the brain and spinal *** these potential therapeutics show promise in attenuating neurological disease,protection against retinal dysfunction and degeneration is generally ineffective or not reported.

关键词： degeneration primarily typically

Seasonal resource selection of an arboreal habitatspecialist in a human-dominated landscape: A case studyusing red panda

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Current Zoology 2023年第1期69卷 1-11页

作者： Damber Bista Greg S.Baxter Nicholas j.Hudson Peter j.murray School of Agriculture and Food Sciences(Wildlife Science Unit) The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of Southern QueenslandDarling HeightsQLD 4350Australia

Human-dominated landscapes provide heterogeneous wildlife habitat. Conservation of habitat specialists, like red pandas Ailurus fulgens, inhabiting such landscapes is challenging. Therefore, information on resource use across spatial and temporal scales could enable informed-decisionmaking with better conservation outcomes. We aimed to examine the effect of geo-physical, vegetation, and disturbance variables on fine-scalehabitat selection of red pandas in one such landscape. We equipped 10 red pandas with GPS collars in eastern Nepal in 2019 and monitoredthem for 1 year. Our analysis was based on a generalized-linear-mixed model. We found the combined effect of geo-physical, vegetation, anddisturbance variables resulted in differences in resource selection of red pandas and that the degree of response to these variables variedacross seasons. Human disturbances, especially road and cattle herding activities, affected habitat utilization throughout the year whereas othervariables were important only during restricted periods. For instance, geo-physical variables were influential in the premating and cub-rearingseasons while vegetation variables were important in all seasons other than premating. Red pandas selected steeper slopes with high solarinsolation in the premating season while they occupied elevated areas and preferred specific aspects in the cub-rearing season. Furthermore,the utilized areas had tall bamboo in the birthing and cub-rearing seasons while they also preferred diverse tree species and high shrub coverin the latter. Our study demonstrates the significance of season-specific management, suggests the importance of specific types of vegetationduring biologically crucial periods, and emphasizes the necessity to minimize disturbances throughout the year.

关键词： Ailurus fulgens anthropogenic disturbances habitat specialists habitat utilization resource use spatio-temporal variation vegetation

Vitamin D receptor(VDR)contributes to the development of hypercalciuria by sensitizing VDR target genes to vitamin D in a genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming(GHS)rat model

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第3期9卷 797-806页

作者： Shang Guo Weekai Chia Hongwei Wang David ABushinsky Biao Zhong murray j.Favus Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233PR China Shanghai Realgen Biotech Co. LtdShanghai 200215PR China Department of Nephrology Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of RochesterRochesterNY 14642USA Section of Endocrinology Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA

Human idiopathic hypercalciuria(IH)is the most common cause of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis with perturbed calcium metabolism with increased bone resorption and decreased renal calcium reabsorption,which can be phenotype-copied in the genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming(GHS)rat *** previously demonstrated that high VDR expression plays important roles in the development of hypercalciuria in the GHS ***,the underlying mechanism through which VDR impact hypercalciuria development remains to be fully ***,we sought to determine how VDR regulated its target genes that are implicated in calcium homeostasis and potentially *** found that VDR expression in the GHS rats was elevated in the calcium transporting tissues,as well as in the thymus and prostate,but not in lung,brain,heart,liver and spleen,when compared with control SD *** expression in the GHS rats was significantly downregulated in kidney,intestine,thymus and *** injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly upregulated the expression of renal calcium sensing receptor(CaSR),intestinal calcium transporters transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6(TRPV6),and VDR in GHS rats,compared with that in control SD *** assays revealed that VDR specifically bound to the proximal promoters of target genes,followed by histone H3 hyperacetylation or ***,our results suggest that elevated VDR expressi on may con tribute to the development of hypercalciuria by sensi・tizing VDR target genes to 1,25(OH)2D3 through histone modifications at their promoter regions in a genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming(GHS)rat model.

关键词： Acetylation ChIP GHS Methylation Snail VDR VDR target Gene

Correlation of MRI-determined small bowel Crohn’s disease categories with medical response and surgical pathology

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3367-3375页

作者： Ian Craig Lawrance Christopher j Welman Peter Shipman Kevin murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Gastroenterology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Western AustraliaWA 6160 Australia

AIM: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to categorize small bowel Crohn's disease (SB CD) into groups that correlate with response to medical therapy and surgical ***: Data was collected from all patients with MRI evidence of SB CD without significant colonic disease over a 32-mo period. Two radiologists, blinded to clinical findings, evaluated each MRI and grouped them based on bowel wall thickness and wall enhancement. These categories were: (1) "fibrosis", (2) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and mild wall thickening", (3) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and marked wall thickening", (4) "marked segmental transmural hyper-enhancement". Patient response to additional medical therapy post-MRI was prospectively determined at 8-wk. Non-responders underwent endoscopy and were offered therapeutic endoscopy or surgery. Surgical pathology was assessed against the MRI category. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were included. Females and category "2" patients were more likely, and patients with luminal narrowing and hold-up less likely, to respond to medical therapy (P < 0.05). Seventeen patients underwent surgery. The surgical pathologicalfindings of fibrosis and the severity of inflammation correlated with the MRI category in all ***: Our fi ndings suggest that SB CD can be grouped by the MRI f indings and that these groups are associated with patients more likely to respond to continued medical therapy. The MRI categories also correlated with the presence and level of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis on surgical pathology, and may be of prognostic use in the management of CD patients.

关键词：病理反应 MRI 小肠外科医疗

Small bowel MRI enteroclysis or follow through:Which is optimal?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5300-5306页

作者： Ian C Lawrance Christopher j Welman Peter Shipman Kevin murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathe-matics and StatisticsUniversity of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia

AIM:To determine if a nasojejunal tube(NjT) is required for optimal examination of enteroclysis and if patients can be examined only in the supine ***:Data were collected from all patients undergoing small bowel(SB) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) examination over a 32-mo *** either underwent a magnetic resonance(MR) follow-through(MRFT) or a MR enteroclysis(MRE) in the supine *** quality of proximal and distal SB distension as well as the presence of motion artefact and image quality were assessed by 2 ***:One hundred and fourteen MR studies were undertaken(MRFT-49,MRE-65) in 108 patients in the supine position *** artefact was more frequent in MRE than in MRFT(29.2% vs 18.4%) ,but was not statistically significant(P = 0.30) .Adequate distension of the distal SB was obtained in 97.8% of MRFT examinations and in 95.4% of MRE examinations,*** SB distension was,however,less frequently optimal in MRFT than in MRE(P = 0.0036) ,particularly in patients over the age of 50 years(P = 0.0099) .Image quality was good in all ***:All patients could be successfully imaged in the supine *** and MRFT are equivalent for distal SB distension and artefact *** SB distension is frequently less optimal in MRFT than in *** is,therefore,the preferred MR examination method of the SB.

关键词：磁共振成像灌肠小肠图像质量人工制品 MRI 核磁共振保安

Impact of source tissue and ex vivo expansion on the characterization of goat mesenchymal stem cells

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 230-251页

作者： Nuradilla Mohamad-Fauzi Pablo j Ross Elizabeth A Maga james D murray Department of Animal Science University of California Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Malaya Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California

Background： There is considerable interest in using goats as models for genetically engineering dairy animals and also for using stem cells as therapeutics for bone and cartilage repair. Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have been isolated and characterized from various species, but are poorly characterized in goats. Results： Goat MSCs isolated from bone marrow （BM-MSCs） and adipose tissue （ASCs） have the ability to undergo osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Cytochemical staining and gene expression analysis show that ASCs have a greater capacity for adipogenic differentiation compared to BM-MSCs and fibroblasts. Different methods of inducing adipogenesis also affect the extent and profile of adipogenic differentiation in MSCs. Goat fibroblasts were not capable of osteogenesis, hence distinguishing them from the MSCs. Goat MSCs and fibroblasts express CD90, CD105, CD73 but not CD45, and exhibit cytoplasmic localization of OCT4 protein. Goat MSCs can be stably transfected by Nucleofection, but, as evidenced by colony-forming efficiency （CFE）, yield significantly different levels of progenitor cells that are robust enough to proliferate into colonies of integrants following G418 selection. BM-MSCs expanded over increasing passages in vitro maintained karyotypic stability up to 20 passages in culture, exhibited an increase in adipogenic differentiation and CFE, but showed altered morphology and amenability to genetic modification by selection. Conclusions： Our findings provide characterization information on goat MSCs, and show that there can be significant differences between MSCs isolated from different tissues and from within the same tissue. Fibroblasts do not exhibit trilineage differentiation potential at the same capacity as MSCs, making it a more reliable method for distinguishing MSCs from fibroblasts, compared to cell surface marker expression.

关键词： Adipose Bone marrow Characterization Differentiation Goat Mesenchymal stem cells

Agglomerate behavior in a recirculating fluidized bed with sheds： Effect of ring baffles

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Particuology 2018年第3期16卷 143-151页

作者： Francisco j. Sanchez Careaga Cedric Briens Franco Berruti jennifer McMillan murray Gray Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources Western University 22312 Wonderland Rd. Hderton ON NO M2AO Canada Edmonton Research Centre Syncrude Canada Ltd 9421 17th Ave Edmonton AB T6N 1H4 Canada The Petroleum Institute PO Box 2533 Abu Dhabi UAE

The radioactive particle tracking technique was used to study the effect of internal ring baffles on wet agglomerate motion inside a cold flow recirculating fluidized bed. The study found that using such a baffle on its own or above the regular sheds helps reduce the fouling of the stripper section by increasing the residence time that the agglomerates spend above the baffle, thereby reducing the release of the vapors below the baffles that cause fouling of the sheds. Adding down-comers, or flux tubes, to the ring baffles degrades the performance of the baffles, Reducing the length of the flux tubes, so that they do not reach the bottom of the baffle lip results in a further degradation in baffle performance.

关键词： Radioactive particle tracking Fluidized bed Fluid coker Baffles

TCR-pMHC: may the force be of you?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1622-1623页

作者： joseph S.murray Xenolaüs Genetics LLC Los AngelesCA90024USA

Theα/βcomponent of the T-cell antigen receptor(TCR)is a transmembrane heterodimer containing genetically variable(V)domains and constant domains within each polypeptide chain.1 The Vαand Vβdomains bind with a clonally unique(clonotypic)interface angle,2 and the complementary determining regions(CDR1,CDR2,and CDR3)manifest as‘loops’between anti-parallelβ-strands of the overall sandwich ofβ-sheets with a central disulfide *** with immunoglobulins,the CDR1 and CDR2 loops are encoded in the germline via the particular V-region DNA segment involved in the RAG1/RAG2 recombination mechanism responsible for somatic construction,together with the D-and/or j-segment,of the third loop,CDR3.1,3 As shown by multiple solved X-ray crystallography structures,the CDRs contain the closest amino acid(a.a.)contacts with the peptide(p)plus the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)protein(together abbrev.,pMHC)composite *** rigorous selection in the thymus for only those TCRs that should function properly in the particular individual after birth(MHC restriction),4 T cells function clonally as well,i.e.,different T-cell clones display differential responses to not only different pMHC ligands but also perhaps more importantly,to the same pMHC ligands.5,6 A long-standing question is how(not whether)TCR V-domain binding to pMHC is ultimately responsible for such vast biological outcomes as protection *** to infectious diseases,atopy,the onset of autoimmune diseases,and the success of various types of transplantation.

关键词： properly sandwich rigorous