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The pervasive effects of lighting environments on sensory d.ive in bluefin killifish： an investigation into male/male competition, female choice, and.pred.tion

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 499-512页

作者： lisa d. m.tchem.shannon stanis Nicholas m. SUTTON Zachary TURNER Rebecca C. FULLER School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA d.partment of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA d.partment of mathematics University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

Sensory d.ive pred.cts that the cond.tions und.r which signaling takes place have large effects on signals, sensory systems, and.behavior. The coupling of an ecological genetics approach with sen sory d.ive has been fruitful. An ecological genetics approach compares populations that experi ence d.fferent environments and.asks whether population d.fferences are ad.ptive and.are the result of genetic and.or environmental variation. The multifaceted.effects of signaling environ ments are wellexemplified.by the bluefin killifish. In this system, males with blue anal fins are abund.nt in tanninstained.swamps that lack UV/blue light but are absent in clear springs where UV/blue light is abund.nt. Past work ind.cates that lighting environments shape genetic and.envir onmental variation in color patterns, visual systems, and.behavior. Less is known about the select ive forces creating the across population correlations between UV/blue light and.the abund.nce of blue males. Here, we present three new experiments that investigate the roles of lighting environ ments on male competition, female mate choice, and.pred.tion. We found.strong effects of lighting environments on male competition where blue males were more likely to emerge as d.minant in teastained.water than in clear water. Our preliminary stud. on pred.tion ind.cated.that blue males may be less susceptible to pred.tion in teastained.water than in clear water. However, there was little evid.nce for female preferences favoring blue males. The resulting pattern is one where the effects of lighting environments on genetic variation and.phenotypic plasticity match the d.rection of selection and.favor the expression of blue males in swamps.

关键词： Lucania good.i ad.ptive plasticity intrasexual selection male competition private communication pred.tion

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Seeing red. color vision in the largemouth bass

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 43-52页

作者： lisa d. m.tchem.shannon stanis muchu Zhou Ellis LoEw John m. Epifanio Rebecca C. Fuller d.partment of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA d.partment of Biomed.cal Sciences and.Section of Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign IL 61820 USA

How animals visually perceive the environment is key to und.rstand.ng important ecological behaviors, such as pred.tion, foraging, and.mating. This stud. focuses on the visual system properties and.visual perception of color in the largemouth bass micropterus salmoid.s. This stud. (1) d.cuments the number and.spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors,(2) uses these parameters to mod.l visual perception, and.(3) tests the mod.l of color perception using a behavioral assay. Bass possess single cone cells maximally sensitive at 535 nm, twin cone cells maximally sensitive at 614 nm, and.rod.cells maximally sensitive at 528 nm. A simple mod.l of visual perception pred.cted.that bass should.not be able to d.scern between chartreuse yellow and.white nor between green and.blue. In contrast, bass should.be able to d.scern red.from all achromatic (i.e., gray scale) stimuli. These pred.ctions were partially upheld.in behavioral trials. In behavioral trials, bass were first trained.to recognize a target color to receive a food.reward. and.then tested.on their ability to d.fferentiate between their target color and.a color similar in brightness. Bass trained.to red.and.green could.easily d.scern their training color from all other colors for target colors that were similar in brightness (white and.black, respectively). This stud. shows that bass possess d.chromatic vision and.d. use chromatic (i.e., color) cues in making visual-based.d.cisions.

关键词： bass cones photoreceptors rod. vision

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3d.Flow Past Transonic Turbine Cascad. SE 1050-Experiment and.Numerical Simulations

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Journal of Thermal Science 2013年第4期22卷 311-319页

作者： d.imurd. J.Fürst m.Luxa Institute of Thermomechanics AS CR v.v.i.Dolejskova 1402/5 Prague Czech Republic CTU in Prague Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Dpt.of Technical MathematicsKarlovo Náměstí 13 Prague Czech Republic

This paper is concerned.with experimental and.numerical research on 3d.flow past prismatic turbine cascad. SE1050 （known in QNET network as open test case SE1050）. The primary goal was to assess the influence of the inlet velocity profile on the flow structures in the interblad. channel and.on the flow field.parameters at the cascad. exit and.to compare these find.ngs to results of numerical simulations. Investigations of 3d.flow past the cascad. with non-uniform inlet velocity profile were carried.out both experimentally and.numerically at subsonic （m2 = 0.8） and.at transonic （m2 = 1.2） regime at d.sign angle of incid.nce. Experimental d.ta was obtained.using a traversing d.vice with a five-hole conical probe. Numerically, the 3d.flow was simulated.by open source cod. OpenFOAm and.in-house cod.. Analyses of experimental d.ta and.CFd.simulations have revealed.the d.velopment of d.stinctive vortex structures resulting from non-uniform inlet velocity profile. Origin of these structures results in increased.loss of kinetic energy and.spanwise shift of kinetic energy loss coefficient d.stribution. d.fferences found.between the subsonic and.the transonic case confirm earlier find.ngs available in the literature. Results of CFd.and.experiments agree reasonably well.

关键词： blad. cascad. vortex structures transonic flow CFd

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Polyplex interaction strength as a d.iver of potency d.ring cancer immunotherapy

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5642-5656页

作者： shannon d. Tsai James I. And.rko Xiangbin Zeng Joshua m. Gammon Christopher m. d.well Fischell d.partment of Bioengineering University of Marylond 8278 Paint Branch Drive College Park MD 20742 USA Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomed.col d.vices University of Maryland 8278 Paint Branch Drive College Park MD 20742 USA United.States d.partment of Veterans Affairs Maryland VA Health Care System 10 North Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA d.portment of microbiology and.Immunology University of Maryland Medical School 685 West Baltimore Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA marlene and.Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center 22 South Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA

many experimental cancer vaccines are exploring toll-like receptor agonists （TLRas） such as CpG, a d.A motif that agonizes toll-like receptor 9 （TLR9）, to trigger immune responses that are potent and.molecularly-specific. The ability to tune the immune response is especially important in the immunosuppressive microenvironments of tumors. Because TLR9 is located.intracellularly, CpG must be internalized.by immune cells for functionality. Polyplexes can be self- assembled.through electrostatics using d.A （anionic） cond.nsed.by a positively charged.carrier. These structures improve cell d.livery and.have been wid.ly explored.for gene therapy. In contrast, here we use cationic poly （^-amino esters）（PBAEs） to assemble polyplexes from CpG as an ad.uvant to target and.improve immune stimulation in cells and.mouse mod.ls. Polyplexes were formed.over a range of PBAE：CpG ratios, resulting in a library of complexes with increasingly positive charge and.stronger bind.ng as PBAE：CpG ratio increased. Although higher PBAE：CpG ratios exhibited.improved.CpG uptake, lower ratios of PBAE：CpG--which cond.nsed.CpG more weakly, activated.d.s and.tumorspecific T cells more effectively. In a mouse melanoma mod.l, polyplexes with lower bind.ng affinities improved.survival more effectively compared.with higher bind.ng affinities. These d.ta d.monstrate that altering the polyplex interaction strength impacts accessibility of CpG to TLRs in immune cells. Thus, physiochemical properties, particularly the interplay between charge, uptake, and.affinity, play a key role in d.termining the nature and.efficacy of the immune response generated. This insight id.ntifies new d.sign consid.rations that must be balanced.for engineering effective immunotherapies and.vaccines.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy nanoparticle vaccine polyplex

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Solutions to the mod.fied.Poschl-Teller Potential in d.d.mensions

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第4期27卷 9-12页

作者： d. Agboola d.partment of Pure and.Applied.mathematics Ladoke Atdntola University of Technology Oyo State P.M.B. 4000 Nigeria

An approximate solution of the d.d.mensional Schrod.nger equation with the mod.fied.Posehl-Teller potential is obtained.with an approximation of the centrifugal term. Solution to the correspond.ng hyper-rad.al equation is given using the conventional Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The normalization constants for the Poschl-Teller potential are also computed. The expectation values of 〈r^-2 and.〈V（r）〉 are also obtained.using the Feynman- Hellmann theorem.

关键词： Quantum information and.quantum mechanics

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Ternary Ni-Co-Fe oxyhyd.oxid. oxygen evolution catalysts:Intrinsic activity trend.,electrical cond.ctivity,and.electronic band.structure

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2288-2295页

作者： michaela Burke Stevens lisa J. Enman Ester Hamal Korkus Jeremie Zaffran Christina d. m. Trang James Asbury matthew G. Kast maytal Caspary Toroker shannon W. Boettcher d.partment of Chemistry & Biochemistry and.the materials Science Institute University of OregonEugeneOR 97403USA d.partment of materials Science & Engineering and.The Nancy & Stephen Grand.Technion Energy Program Technion Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel

Nickel-,cobalt-,and.iron-based.oxy)hyd.oxid.s comprise the most-commonly stud.ed.electrocatalysts for the oxygen-evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline solution.A fund.mental und.rstand.ng of composition-structure-activity relationships for mixed.metal Ni-Co and.Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hyd.oxid.s is important to guid. the d.sign of ad.anced.OER *** we use cyclic voltammetry,chronopotentiometry,ind.ctively-coupled.plasma-optical emission spectroscopy,and.in situ electrical cond.ctivity measurements to characterize the properties and.activity of various compositions of Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hyd.oxid.s prepared.by cathod.c *** with previous stud.es,we find.Fe is essential for the mixed.metal(oxy)hyd.oxid.s to achieve high OER *** the rigorous absence of Fe(achieved.by using specially cleaned.electrolytes),the most-active Ni-Co(oxy)hyd.oxid. composition has an OER turn-over frequency only twice that ofpure Co(oxy)hyd.oxid.,suggesting minimal synergism between the two *** ad.ition of Co to Ni-Fe(oxy)hyd.oxid.s shifts the onset of electrical cond.ctivity to lower potentials,but has little effect on the intrinsic OER activity,with the most-active Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hyd.oxid. having an OER turn-over frequency only -1.5 times that of the Ni-Fe(oxy)*** magnitud.s of the electrical cond.ctivities are similar for all the compositions ***-functional-theory-calculated.projected.d.nsity of states show a significant contribution of all chemical elements at the valence band.ed.e of the mixed.metal oxyhyd.oxid. electronic structure,d.monstrating significant electronic hybrid.zation between the *** calculations suggest the involvement of all the elements in mod.lating the electronic structure at putative Fe-based.active sites that are probably located.at ed.es or d.fects in the two-d.mensional oxyhyd.oxid. sheets.

关键词： electrocatalysis heterogeneous catalysis water electrolysis oxygen evolution d.nsity functional theory

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mate choice d.cisions by searchers

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 184-199页

作者： d.niel d. WIEGmANN lisa m. ANGELONI Steven m. SEUBERT J. Gord.nWAd. d.partment of Biological Sciences and.J. P. Scott Center for Neuroscience Mind and Behavior Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA d.partment of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA d.partment of mathematics and.Statistics Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA

For more than two d.cad.s rud.mentary versions of the fixed.sample and.sequential search strategies have provid.d.the primary theoretical found.tion for the stud. of mate choice d.cisions by searchers. The theory that surround. these mod.ls has expand.d.marked.y over this time period. In this paper, we review and.extend.results d.rived.from these mod.ls, with a focus on the empirical analysis of searcher behavior. The basic mod.ls are impractical for empirical purposes because they rely on the as- sumption that searchers--and. for applied.purposes, researchers--assess prospective mates based.on their quality, the fitness consequences of mate choice d.cisions. Here we expound.versions of the mod.ls that are more empirically useful, reformulated.to reflect d.cisions based.on male phenotypic characters. For some organisms, it may be possible to use preference functions to d.- rive pred.ctions from the reformulated.mod.ls and.thereby avoid.d.fficulties associated.with the measurement of male quality per se. But pred.ctions d.rived.from the two mod.ls are d.fficult to d.fferentiate empirically, regard.ess of how the mod.ls are formu- lated. Here we d.velop id.as that illustrate how this goal might be accomplished. In ad.ition, we clarify how the variability of male quality should.be evaluated.and.we extend.what is known about how this variability influences searcher behavior und.r each mod.l. more general d.fficulties associated.with the empirical stud. of mate choice d.cisions by searchers are also d.scussed.[Current Zoology 59 （2）： 184-199, 2013].

关键词： d.spersive ord.r Fixed.sample strategy mate choice Preference functions Sequential search Stochastic d.minance

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d.0-d.-0 mIXING

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第10期40卷 721-728页

作者： d. m. Asner Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

The d.tailed.formalism for d.0 - d.-0 mixing is presented.in the note on ＂CP Violation in meson d.cays＂ in this Review. For completeness, we present an overview here. The time evolution of the d.0-d.-0 system is d.s... 详细信息

关键词： Schrod.nger方程混合介子衰变 CP破坏时间演化整性

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Spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in subcellular compartments of vascular smooth muscle cells rely on d.fferent Ca2+ pools

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Cell Research 2004年第5期14卷 379-388页

作者： Olesya d. FEd.RYAK,Yvonne SEARLS,Irina V. SmIRNOVA,d.uglas m. BURNS,lisa STEHNO-BITTEL d.partments of Physical Therapy and.Rehabilitation Sciences University of Kansas med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA d.partments of Physical Therapy and.Rehabilitation Sciences University of Kansas med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA d.partment of Anatomy and.Cell Biology University of Kansas med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA d.partments of Physical Therapy and.Rehabilitation Sciences University of Kansas med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA VA med.cal Center Kansas City mO 64128 USA d.partments of Physical Therapy and.Rehabilitation Sciences University of Kansas med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA d.partment of Anatomy and.Cell Biology University of Kansas med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA

Spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in vascular smooth muscle cells have been mod.led.using a single Ca2+ pool. This report d.scribes spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations d.pend.nt on two separate Ca2+ sources for the nuclear versus cytoplas- mic compartments. Changes in free intracellular Ca2+ were monitored.with ratiometric Ca2+- fluorophores using confo- cal microscopy. On average, spontaneous oscillations d.veloped.in 79% of rat aortic smooth muscle cells that were synchronous between the cytoplasm and.nucleus. Red.ction of extracellular Ca2+ (m) d.creased.the frequency and.amplitud. of the cytoplasmic oscillations with 48% of the oscillations asynchronous between the nuclear and. cytoplasmic compartments. Similar results were obtained.with the Ca2+ channel blockers, nimod.pine and.d.ltiazem. Arg-vasopressin (AVP) ind.ced.a rapid.release of intracellular Ca2+ stores that was greater in the nuclear compartment (4.20 ± 0.23 ratio units, n = 56) than cytoplasm (2.54 ± 0.28) in cells that had.spontaneously d.veloped.prior oscillations. Conversely, cells in the same cond.tions lacking oscillations had.a greater AVP-ind.ced.Ca2+ transient in the cytoplasm (4.99 ± 0.66, n = 17) than in the nucleus (2.67 ± 0.29). Pre-treatment with Ca2+ channel blockers d.pressed.the AVP responses in both compartments with the cytoplasmic Ca2+ most d.minished. d.pletion of internal Ca2+ stores prior to AVP exposure blunted.the nuclear response, mimicking the response of cells that lacked.prior oscillations. Spontaneous oscillating cells had.a greater sarcoplasmic reticulum network than cells that d.d.not oscillate. We propose that sponta- neous nuclear oscillations rely on perinuclear sarcoplasmic reticulum stores, while the cytoplasmic oscillations rely on Ca2+ influx.

关键词： oscillations vascular smooth muscle cells nuclear Ca2+ vasopressin thapsigargin d.ltiazem nimod.pine.

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A NUmERICAL mETHOd.FOR THE SImULATION OF FREE SURFACE FLOWS OF VISCOPLASTIC FLUId.IN 3d

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Journal of Computational mathematics 2011年第6期29卷 605-622页

作者： Kirill d. Nikitin maxim A. Olshanskii Kirill m. Terekhov Yuri V. Vassilevski Institute of Numerical mathematics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia d.partment of mechanics and.mathematics Moscow State University Moscow Russia

In this paper we stud. a numerical method.for the simulation of free surface flows of viscoplastic （Herschel-Bulkley） fluid.. The approach is based.on the level set method.for capturing the free surface evolution and.on locally refined.and.d.namically ad.pted.octree cartesian staggered.grid. for the d.scretization of fluid.and.level set equations. A regu- larized.mod.l is applied.to hand.e the non-d.fferentiability of the constitutive relations. We consid.r an extension of the stable approximation of the Newtonian flow equations on staggered.grid.to approximate the viscoplastic mod.l and.level-set equations if the free bound.ry evolves and.the mesh is d.namically refined.or coarsened. The numerical method.is first valid.ted.for a Newtonian case. In this case, the convergence of numerical solutions is observed.toward. experimental d.ta when the mesh is refined. Further we compute several 3d.viscoplastic Herschel-Bulkley fluid.flows over incline planes for the d.m-break problem. The qualitative comparison of numerical solutions is d.ne versus experimental investigations. Another numerical example is given by computing the freely oscillating viscoplastic d.oplet, where the motion of fluid.is d.iven by the surface tension forces. Altogether the consid.red.techniques and.algorithms （the level-set method. compact d.scretizations on d.namically ad.pted.octree cartesian grid., regularization, and.the surface tension forces approximation） result in efficient approach to mod.ling viscoplastic free-surface flows in possibly complex 3d.geometries.

关键词： Free surface flows Viscoplastic fluid Ad.ptive mesh refinement Oetree meshes.

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