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Intragroup social dynamics vary with the presence of neighbors in a cooperatively breeding fish

Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 21-31页

作者： Jennifer K. Hellmann Ian M. hamilton Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Department of Mathematics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Jennifer K. Hellmann Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 505 S Goodwin Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA

Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group members may mediate conflict through submissive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, stabilize dominance hierarchies, and foster group cohesion. The frequency and resolution of within-group conflict may vary with the presenee of neighboring groups. Neighbors can threaten the territory or resources of the whole group, promoting behaviors that foster within-group cohesion. However, neighbors may also foster conflict of interests among group members: opportunities for subordinate dispersal may alter conflict among dominants and subordinates while opportunities for extrapair reproduction may increase conflict between mates. To understand how neighbors mediate within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher, we measured behavioral dynamics and social network structure in isolated groups, groups recently exposed to neighbors, and groups with established neighbors. Aggression and submission between the dominant male and female pair were high in isolated groups, but dominant aggression was directly primarily at subordinates when groups had neighbors. This suggests that neighbors attenuate conflict between mates and foster conflict between dominants and subordinates. Further, aggression and submission between similarly sized group members were most frequent when groups had neighbors, suggesting that neighbors induce rank-related conflict. We found relatively little change in within-group affiliative networks across treatments, suggesting that the presence of neighbors does not alter behaviors associated with promoting group cohesion. Collectively, these results provide some of the first empirical insights into the extent to which intragroup behavioral networks are mediated by intergroup interactions and the broader social context.

关键词： affiliation colony conflict exponential random graph model Neolamprologus pulcher network

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Biomineralization proteins： from vertebrates to bacteria

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第2期8卷 234-246页

作者： Lijun WANG Marit NILSEN-hamilton Ames Laboratory U. S. Department of Energy Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University AmesIA 50011 USA

Biomineralization processes are frequently found in nature. Living organisms use various strategies to create highly ordered and hierarchical mineral structures under physiologic conditions in which the temperatures and pressures are much lower than those required to form the same mineralized structures by chemical synthesis. Although the mechanism of biomineralization remains elusive, proteins have been found responsible for the formation of such mineral structures in many cases. These proteins are active components in the process of biomineralization. The mechanisms by which their function can vary from providing active organic matrices that control the formation of specific mineral structures to being catalysts that facilitate the crystallization of certain metal ions. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functions of several representative biomineralization proteins from vertebrates to bacteria in the hopes of providing useful insight and guidance for further elucidation of mechanisms of biomineralization processes in living organisms.

关键词： biomineralization proteins structure-function relationships self-assembly nanoparticles

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SERVICE VALUE NETWORKS: VALUE, PERFORMANCE AND STRATEGY FOR THE SERVICES INDUSTRY

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2004年第4期13卷 469-489页

作者： John hamilton James Cook University Cairns Australia 4870

Services may be investigated from many perspectives. They encapsulate over 65% of global business, yet many gaps in the services knowledge base exist – particularly from areas including information technology, operational, customer targeting, and services provision. This research investigates an emerging and truly disruptive business scenario – the service value network, from a marketing, an operations and services approach. The service value network is defined as the flexible, dynamic, delivery of a service, or product, by a business’s coordinated value chains (supply chains and demand chains working in harmony), such that a value-adding, specific, service solution is effectively, and efficiently, delivered to the individual customer. The ‘physical and virtual service value network customer – business encounter model’ is developed. Impediments to the development of a service value networks are investigated. Eight key areas related to website customer encounters are offered as investigation areas. The customer ‘touch-points’ across the virtual service encounter offers a raft of new research possibilities and possible new pathways to competitive advantage. Approaches to measure service network encounter effectors are explained. Current and future areas of business research are described. This paper frames the research agenda for service value networks.

关键词： Service value networks services web services value network virtual service encounter balanced scorecard customer performance

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Role of circulating tumor cell spheroids in drug resistance

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第3期2卷 762-772页

作者： Gerhard hamilton Barbara Rath Department of Surgery Medical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria

Cancer cell spheroids are used for drug screening as these three-dimensional(3D)assemblies recapitulate tumors more realistic than the widely employed 2D in vitro *** drug diffusion and gradients of oxygen and nutrients in spheroids represent avascular tumor regions containing quiescent and hypoxic tumor cells with high drug *** tumor cells(CTCs)effect metastatic spread and are present in high numbers in malignant diseases such as small-cell lung cancer(SCLC)and in other cancer patients with high tumor *** are heterogeneous and only a small fraction of these cells survive in the circulation and cause distal *** may circulate as single cells but small CTC clusters or CTC spheroids have been detected in cancer patients and demonstrated to possess increased metastatic *** our lab we have obtained 9 permanent SCLC CTC cell lines(BHGc7,BHGc10,BHGc16,BHGc26,BHGc27,BHGc50,BHGc59,BHGc71,and UHGc5)of distinct patients exhibiting similar characteristics and spontaneous formation of large spheroids,termed *** aggregates were shown to exhibit high drug resistance compared to the corresponding single cell *** increased metastatic capability of small circulating tumor clusters/spheroids may be explained by their role as putative precursors of tumorospheres eventually trapped in *** drug penetration and the presence of hypoxic/quiescent cells can readily account for the global drug resistance of advanced SCLC which has resulted in clinical failure of a wide range of chemotherapeutics and low ***,we have detected such tumorospheres in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients progressing under EGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy which had undergone NSCLC-SCLC transformation.

关键词： Cancer spheroid circulating tumor cells small cell lung cancer non-small-cell lung cancer transformation dormancy

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Pragmaticization and the L2 Acquisition of Chinese Ba Constructions

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世界汉语教学 1993年第2期7卷 150-157页

作者： Hong Gang Jin hamilton College

1. Syntacticization Vs Pragmaticization Syntacticization is a phenomenon which in-volves the typological interactions between topicprominent (Tp) and subject prominent (Sp) lan-guages. From the perspective of language evolu-tion, syntacticization, as claimed by Givon(1979), is a process of tightening up syntax, inwhich constructions formerly organized to maxi-mize pragmatic functions become *** example, word order becomes more rigid;

关键词：汉语教学世界

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Maintaining Resources for Traditional Medicine: A Global Overview and a Case Study from Buganda (Uganda)

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植物分类与资源学报 2013年第4期35卷 407-423页

作者： Alan hamilton Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre d' Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive

Presentations at a session of the 13 th Congress of the International Society for Ethnobiology ( ISE,May 2012) provided a global overview of'maintaining resources for traditional medicine'. Two themes received special attention,transmission of traditional medical knowledge and conservation of medicinal plants. The consensus at the well-attended session was that traditional medicine can play a useful role in primary healthcare,including for chronic complaints and spiritual problems. However,the use of traditional medicine is declining in many places. Some practical efforts at maintaining resources for traditional medicine are described. A case study for Buganda ( Uganda) , given in greater detail,shows that progress in maintaining resources for traditional medicine can be impeded by forces not directly related to its intrinsic merits. The value of making efforts to maintain resources for traditional medicine is discussed in relation to its contribution to biocultural conservation,much needed today to counter-balance the homogenising and ecologically destabilising influences of globalisation.

关键词：植物学植物分类植物演化植物生理学生物因素

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Deubiquitinase Otub1 negatively regulates IL-15 signaling in CD8 T cells and NK cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第11期16卷 846-847页

作者： Matthew A.Huggins Sara E.hamilton Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Center for ImmunologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMN 55414USA

Regulation of cells with cytotoxic functionality is crucial to provide an effective and proportional response to immune ***8 T cells and NK cells are responsible for differentiating infected or tumorigenic host cells from healthy self-cells and removing them from the ***-15 signaling promotes the survival,maturation,and proliferation of CD8 T cells and NK cells.1 In a recent work,Zhou et *** a novel regulatory checkpoint that inhibits activation through the IL-15 signaling pathway.2 This study dissects the mechanism through which the deubiquitinase Otub1 negatively regulates CD8 T cell and NK cell activation in response to *** findings identify an intriguing and previously undescribed checkpoint that can potentially be manipulated to modulate the immune ***,the authors demonstrate that by removing Otub1 inhibition,immune tolerance to self-cells and tumor antigens can be broken.

关键词： ubiquitin al. removing

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A new currency for mutualism?Fungal endophytes alter antioxidant activity in hosts responding to drought

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第3期54卷 39-49页

作者： Cyd E.hamilton Taryn L.Bauerle MTT Agrifood and Biotech Plant Production UnitJokioinenFinland Cornell University HorticultureIthacaNYUSA

Fungal endophytes have significant effects on host performance including but not limited to changes in reproductive output,as well as,biotic and abiotic stress *** ultimate mechanisms for resistance to herbivory have been documented in a number of fungal-plant symbiota and involve the production of alkaloids by the *** have thus been defined as a currency responsible for increased host resistance to *** provide support for the hypothesis that another currency may be responsible for increased host tolerance to abiotic stress resulting from endophyte colonization;namely *** report comparatively higher activity of antioxidants in endophyte colonized hosts resulting from abiotic stress and propose antioxidants are another currency via which mutualistic interactions between fungal endophytes and their hosts can *** recognize fungal endophyte interactions are diverse and complex and include antagonisms,commensalisms,and mutualisms.

关键词： Symbiont Stress Epichloe Neotyphodium Stress tolerance Reactive oxygen species

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Evaluating provincial-level employment challenge during the coal transition in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2022年第5期13卷 729-737页

作者： Caitlin hamilton Jiawei SONG Ryna CUI Colin OLSON Diyang CUI Center for Global Sustainability School of Public PolicyUniversity of MarylandCollege Park 20742USA

As China works to move away from coal in its energy system as a critical strategy to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060,there are several challenges which will affect the coal *** challenge that has not been fully explored is the impact on coal *** are millions of people employed in various sectors along the coal supply chain,including mining,processing,transport,and power *** this study,we developed a framework to understand the magnitude and characteristics of the employment challenges associated with the coal transition across ***,the magnitude and characteristics of the challenges are evaluated from multiple dimensions,including existing coal sector employment,coal production,coal consumption,GDP contribution from the coal industry,and coal mining productivity,to explore how the transition of the coal industry will likely affect different *** results showed that provinces with large total coal employment today are often those with high coal production and consumption,high GDP contribution from the coal industry,and low productivity of coal *** found that employment impacts of a coal transition will not be equally distributed in China,as both the magnitude and characteristics of the employment challenges vary substantially across all *** is therefore important to develop a tailored strategy to tackle specific needs for each province.

关键词： Coal transition Just transition Coal employment Province China

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Effects of N on Plant Response to Heat-wave:A Field Study with Prairie Vegetation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1416-1425页

作者： Dan Wang Scott A. Heckathorn Kumar Mainali E. William hamilton Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo Ohio 43606 USA Department of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia 24450 USA

More intense, more frequent, and longer heat-waves are expected in the future due to global warming, which could have dramatic ecological impacts. Increasing nitrogen （N） availability and its dynamics will likely impact plant responses to heat stress and carbon （C） sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. This field study examined the effects of N availability on plant response to heat-stress （HS） treatment in naturally-occurring vegetation. HS （5 d at ambient or 40.5 ℃） and N treatments （±N） were applied to 16 1 m^2 plots in restored prairie vegetation dominated by Andropogon gerardii （warm-season C4 grass） and Solidago canadensis （warm-season C3 forb）. Before, during, and after HS, air, canopy, and soil temperature were monitored; net CO2 assimilation （Pn）, quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ （ФpsⅡ）, stomatal conductance （gs）, and leaf water potential （ψw） of the dominant species and soil respiration （Rsoll） of each plot were measured daily during HS. One week after HS, plots were harvested, and C% and N% were determined for rhizosphere and bulk soil, and above-ground tissue （green/senescent leaf, stem, and flower）. Photosynthetic N-use efficiency （PNUE） and N resorption rate （NRR） were calculated. HS decreased Pn, gs, ψw, and PNUE for both species, and ＋N treatment generally increased these variables （±HS）, but often slowed their post-HS recovery. Aboveground biomass tended to decrease with HS in both species （and for green leaf mass in S. canadensis）, but decrease with ＋N for A. gerardii and increase with ＋N for S. canadensis. For A. gerardii, HS tended to decrease N% in green tissues with ＋N, whereas in S. canadensis, HS increased N% in green leaves. Added N decreased NRR for A. gerardii and HS increased NRR for S. canadensis. These results suggest that heat waves, though transient, could have significant effects on plants, communities, and ecosystem N cycling, and N can influence the effect of heat waves.

关键词： global climate change heat stress N resorption rate photosynthesis photosynthetic N-use efficiency.

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