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Gross Pollutants Study in Urban Areas under Tropical Climates

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2014年第1期8卷 107-114页

作者： Lariyah Mohd Sidek Hidayah Basri Mohamed Roseli Zainal Abidin lira chow hock Md Nasir Md Nor Nor Azazi Zakaria Centre for Sustainable Technology and Environment (CSTEN) College of Engineering Universiti Tenaga Nasional Kajang43000 Malaysia Drainage and Irrigation Department Humid Tropics Centre Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur 50480 Malaysia Drainage and lrrigation Department River Basin & Coastal Zone Management Kuala Lumpur 50626 Malaysia River Engineering and Urban Drainage Centre (REDAC) Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal 14300 Malaysia

Gross pollutants are the primary targeted pollutants in urban catchment management for urban water quality improvement as well as mitigation of flood. Apart from aesthetically unattractive because of its visibility, gross pollutants also contributes to degradation of river water quality and loss of aquatic habitat as it carries harmful pollutants such as oxygen demanding material, hydrocarbons and heavy metals. This study analyzed trend of gross pollutant generated from two urban residential areas located in Selangor, Malaysia. The median value of gross pollutant load obtained fi＇om the Amanah Apartment and Bandar Botanic are 347.41 kg/ha/year and 32.46 kg/ha/year, respectively. Relationship between gross pollutant wet load with rainfall depths was derived using regression equation. A significant trend of increasing gross pollutant wet load into drainage system with increasing rainfall depth was observed. The behavior of pollutant load is related to the one observed in Australia.

关键词： Gross pollutant load urban stormwater quality urban stormwater management.

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Change in model for end-stage liver disease score at two weeks,as an indicator of mortality or liver transplantation at 60 days in acute-on-chronic liver failure

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第2期3卷 122-127页

作者： Rajneesh Kumar Thinesh Lee Krishnamoorthy Hiang Keat Tan hock Foong Lui Wan Cheng chow Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Singapore General HospitalSingapore

Background:Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)is characterised by a sudden deterioration of underlying chronic liver disease,resulting in increased rates of mortality and liver *** prognostication can benefit optimal allocation of ***:ACLF was defined as per the disease criteria of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the *** discharge summaries from between January 2001 and April 2013 were *** primary outcome was mortality or liver transplantation within 60 days from onset of ***‘model for end-stage liver disease’(MELD)score and change in MELD at Weeks 1,2 and 4 were reviewed in order to identify the earliest point for prediction of mortality or liver ***:Clinical data were collected on 53 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion *** 60 days from presentation,20 patients(37.7%)died and 4(7.5%)underwent liver *** MELD of-2 after 2 weeks was 75.0%sensitive and 75.9%specific for predicting mortality or liver *** the MELD score did not increase at 2 weeks,predictive chance of survival was 93.8%over the next 60 *** change at 1 week showed poor sensitivity and *** at 4 weeks was too late for ***:Change in MELD score at 2 weeks provides an early opportunity for prognostication in ACLF.A MELD score that does not deteriorate by Week 2 would predict 93.8%chance of survival for the next 60 *** finding warrants further validation in larger cohort studies.

关键词： acute-on-chronic liver failure model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score liver transplantation mortality

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Can we omit systematic biopsies in patients undergoing MRI fusion-targeted prostate biopsies?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2023年第1期25卷 43-49页

作者： Jeffrey J Leow Soon hock Koh Marcus WL chow Wayren Loke Rolando Salada Seok Kwan Hong Yuyi Yeow Chau Hung Lee Cher Heng Tan Teck Wei Tan Department of Urology Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 308232Singapore Department of Diagnostic Radiology Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore 308433Singapore

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-targeted prostate biopsy is the recommended investigation in men with suspicious lesion(s)on *** role of concurrent systematic in addition to targeted biopsies is currently *** our prospectively maintained database,we identified men with at least one Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System(PI-RADS)≥3 lesion who underwent targeted and/or systematic biopsies from May 2016 to May *** significant prostate cancer(csPCa)was defined as any Gleason grade group≥2 *** 545 patients who underwent MRI fusion-targeted biopsy,222(40.7%)were biopsy naïve,247(45.3%)had previous prostate biopsy(s),and 76(13.9%)had known prostate cancer undergoing active *** cancer was more commonly found in biopsy-naïve men(63.5%)and those on active surveillance(68.4%)compared to those who had previous biopsies(35.2%;both P<0.001).Systematic biopsies provided an incremental 10.4%detection of csPCa among biopsy-naïve patients,versus an incremental 2.4%among those who had prior negative *** regression found age(odds ratio[OR]=1.03,P=0.03),prostate-specific antigen(PSA)density≥0.15 ng ml^(−2)(OR=3.24,P<0.001),prostate health index(PHI)≥35(OR=2.43,P=0.006),higher PI-RADS score(vs PI-RADS 3;OR=4.59 for PI-RADS 4,and OR=9.91 for PI-RADS 5;both P<0.001)and target lesion volume-to-prostate volume ratio≥0.10(OR=5.26,P=0.013)were significantly associated with csPCa detection on targeted *** conclusion,for men undergoing MRI fusion-targeted prostate biopsies,systematic biopsies should not be omitted given its incremental value to targeted biopsies *** factors such as PSA density≥0.15 ng ml^(−2),PHI≥35,higher PI-RADS score,and target lesion volume-to-prostate volume ratio≥0.10 can help identify men at higher risk of csPCa.

关键词： prostate biopsy prostate cancer prostate health index prostate-specific antigen software fusion Uronav

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Perceptions of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease–an Asian community-based study

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第2期4卷 131-135,I0002页

作者： George B.B.Goh Clarence Kwan Sze Ying Lim Nanda KK Venkatanarasimha Rafidah Abu-Bakar Thinesh L Krishnamoorthy Hang hock Shim Kiang Hiong Tay Wan Cheng chow Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Singapore General HospitalSingapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Department of Diagnostic Radiology Singapore General HospitalSingapore

Background and Aims:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease and is closely related to metabolic syndrome and its risk ***,epidemiological studies have reported NAFLD prevalence rates of 5%to 30%depending on geographical *** epidemiological data suggest a progressively increasing prevalence of metabolic risk factors in Singapore,there are limited data about NAFLD per se in the *** aim to explore the prevalence and perceptions of NAFLD in ***:Attendees at a gastroenterology public forum were enrolled in a cross-sectional observational study evaluating demographic,anthropometric and clinical *** diagnosis of NAFLD was based on sonographic *** syndrome was defined according to International Diabetes Federation *** of NAFLD were explored using a self-administered survey ***:A total of 227 subjects were recruited,with NAFLD being diagnosed in 40%of the *** to those without NAFLD,subjects with NAFLD had higher male preponderance,older age,higher body mass index,waist circumference and more metabolic syndrome(all P0.05).Of note,75.6%of subjects with one or more metabolic risk factors did not think that they were at risk of ***:Our study suggests a significant local prevalence of NAFLD in the community including non-obese *** the tendency to underestimate risk of NAFLD,enhanced public education about NAFLD is warranted to improve understanding.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease epidemiology perceptions Singapore

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