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Data quality evaluation and calibration of on-road remote sensing systems based on exhaust plumes

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 317-326页

作者： Shijie Liu Xinlu Zhang Linlin Ma liqiang he Shaojun Zhang Miaomiao Cheng State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Institute of Atmospheric Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

In recent years,with rapid increases in the number of vehicles in China,the contribution of vehicle exhaust emissions to air pollution has become increasingly prominent.To achieve the precise control of emissions,on-road remote sensing(RS)technology has been developed and applied for law enforcement and supervision.However,data quality is still an existing issue affecting the development and application of RS.In this study,the RS data from a cross-road RS system used at a single site(from 2012 to 2015)were collected,the data screening process was reviewed,the issues with data quality were summarized,a new method of data screening and calibration was proposed,and the effectiveness of the improved data quality control methods was finally evaluated.The results showed that this method reduces the skewness and kurtosis of the data distribution by up to nearly 67%,which restores the actual characteristics of exhaust diffusion and is conducive to the identification of actual clean and high-emission vehicles.The annual variability of emission factors of nitric oxide decreases by 60%-on average-eliminating the annual drift of fleet emissions and improving data reliability.

关键词： On-road remote sensing(RS) Data quality Spearman rank correlation Least-square regression with a non-zero intercept Cook value

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Real-Time Black Carbon Emissions from Light-Duty Passenger Vehicles Using a Portable Emissions Measurement System

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 73-81页

作者： Xuan Zheng liqiang he Xiaoyi he Shaojun Zhang Yihuan Cao Jiming Hao Ye Wu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Center for Sustainable Systems School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109-1041USA State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion sources.On-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic BC.However,there are major uncertainties in the estimates of the BC emissions from on-road light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs),and results obtained with the portable emissions measurement system(PEMS)method are particularly lacking.We developed a PEMS platform and evaluated the on-road BC emissions from ten in-use LDPVs.We demonstrated that the BC emission factors(EFs)of gasoline direction injection(GDI)engine vehicles range from 1.10 to 1.56 mg.km^(-1),which are higher than the EFs of port fuel injection(PFI)engine vehicles(0.10–0.17 mg.km^(-1))by a factor of 11.The BC emissions during the cold-start phase contributed 2%–33%to the total emissions.A strong correlation(R^(2)=0.70)was observed between the relative BC EFs and average vehicle speed,indicating that traffic congestion alleviation could effectively mitigate BC emissions.Moreover,BC and particle number(PN)emissions were linearly correlated(R^(2)=0.90),and compared to PFI engine vehicles,the instantaneous PN-to-BC emission rates of GDI engine vehicles were less sensitive to vehicle specific power-to-velocity(VSPV)increase in all speed ranges.

关键词： Black carbon Light-duty gasoline vehicles Portable emissions measurement system Real-time emissions

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Variability of fuel consumption and CO_(2) emissions of a gasoline passenger car under multiple in-laboratory and on-road testing conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 266-276页

作者： Boya Zhou liqiang he Shijian Zhang Rui Wang Luowei Zhang Mengliang Li Yu Liu Shaojun Zhang Ye Wu Jiming Hao China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co. Ltd.Tianjin 300300China School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution ControlTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

An increasing divergence regarding fuel consumption(and/or CO_(2)emissions) between realworld and type-approval values for light-duty gasoline vehicles(LDGVs) has posed severe challenges to mitigating greenhouse gases(GHGs) and achieving carbon emissions peak and neutrality. To address this divergence issue, laboratory test cycles with more real-featured and transient traffic patterns have been developed recently, for example, the China Lightduty Vehicle Test Cycle for Passenger cars(CLTC-P). We collected fuel consumption and CO_(2)emissions data of a LDGV under various conditions based on laboratory chassis dynamometer and on-road tests. Laboratory results showed that both standard test cycles and setting methods of road load affected fuel consumption slightly, with variations of less than 4%. Compared to the type-approval value, laboratory and on-road fuel consumption of the tested LDGV over the CLTC-P increased by 9% and 34% under the reference condition(i.e., air conditioning off, automatic stop and start(STT) on and two passengers). On-road measurement results indicated that fuel consumption under the low-speed phase of the CLTC-P increased by 12% due to the STT off, although only a 4% increase on average over the entire cycle. More fuel consumption increases(52%) were attributed to air conditioning usage and full passenger capacity. Strong correlations(R2> 0.9) between relative fuel consumption and average speed were also identified. Under traffic congestion(average speed below 25 km/hr), fuel consumption was highly sensitive to changes in vehicle speed. Thus,we suggest that real-world driving conditions cannot be ignored when evaluating the fuel economy and GHGs reduction of LDGVs.

关键词： Fuel consumption CO_(2)emissions Light-duty gasoline vehicle(LDGV) Real driving

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Natural variations of OsAUX5,a target gene of OsWRKY78,control the neutral essential amino acid content in rice grains

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Molecular Plant 2023年第2期16卷 322-336页

作者： Yuheng Shi Yuanyuan Zhang Yangyang Sun Ziyang Xie Yu Luo Qiyuan Long Jiahui Feng Xueqing Liu Bi Wang Dujun he Junxia Ren Peizhen Guo Junwei Xing liqiang he Alisdair RFernie Wei Chen Xianqing Liu Yuehua Luo Cheng Jin Jie Luo Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed LaboratorySanya 572025China College of Tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology 14476 Potsdam-GolmGermany National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

Grain essential amino acid(EAA)levels contribute to rice nutritional quality.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying EAA accumulation and natural variation in rice grains remain unclear.here we report the identification of a previously unrecognized auxin influx carrier subfamily gene,OsAUX5,which encodes an amino acid transporter that functions in uptake of multiple amino acids.We identified an elite haplotype of Pro::OsAUX5^(Hap2) that enhances grain EAA accumulation without an apparent negative effect on agronomic traits.Natural variations of OsAUX5 occur in the cis elements of its promoter,which are differentially activated because of the different binding affinity between OsWRKY78 and the W-box,contributing to grain EAA variation among rice varieties.The two distinct haplotypes were shown to have originated from different Oryza rufipogon progenitors,which contributed to the divergence between japonica and indica.Introduction of the indica-type Pro::OsAUX5^(Hap2) genotype into japonica could significantly increase EAA levels,indicating that indica-type Pro::OsAUX5^(Hap2) can be utilized to increase grain EAAs of japonica varieties.Collectively,our study uncovers an WRKY78–OsAUX5-based regulatory mechanism controlling grain EAA accumulation and provides a potential target for breeding EAA-rich rice.

关键词： amino acid natural variation transcriptional regulation Oryza sativa

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Prophet_TD Routing Algorithm Based on Historical Throughput and Encounter Duration

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第9期64卷 1845-1858页

作者： Jingjian Chen Gang Xu Fengqi Wei liqiang he College of Computer Science Inner Mongolia UniversityHuhehot010000China Geomechanica Inc. TorontoM5H 2Y2Canada

Opportunistic networks are self-organizing networks that do not require a complete path between the source node and the destination node as it uses encounter opportunities brought by nodes movement to achieve network communication.Opportunistic networks routing algorithms are numerous and can be roughly divided into four categories based on different forwarding strategies.The Prophet routing algorithm is an important routing algorithm in opportunistic networks.It forwards messages based on the encounter probability between nodes,and has good innovation significance and optimization potential.However,the Prophet routing algorithm does not consider the impact of the historical throughput of the node on message transmission,nor does it consider the impact of the encounter duration between nodes on message transmission.Therefore,to improve the transmission efficiency of opportunistic networks,this paper based on the Prophet routing algorithm,fuses the impact of the historical throughput of the node and the encounter duration between nodes on message transmission at the same time,and proposes the Prophet_TD routing algorithm based on the historical throughput and the encounter duration.This paper uses the Opportunistic Networks Environment v1.6.0(the ONE v1.6.0)as the simulation platform,controls the change of running time and the number of nodes respectively,conducts simulation experiments on the Prophet_TD routing algorithm.The simulation results show that compared to the traditional Prophet routing algorithm,on the whole,the Prophet_TD routing algorithm has a higher message delivery rate and a lower network overhead rate,and its average latency is also lower when node density is large.

关键词： Opportunistic networks encounter probability historical throughput encounter duration

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Advances in emission control of diesel vehicles in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 15-29页

作者： Guangyan Xu Wenpo Shan Yunbo Yu Yulong Shan Xiaodong Wu Ye Wu Shaojun Zhang liqiang he Shijin Shuai Hailong Pang Xuefeng Jiang heng Zhang Lei Guo Shufen Wang Feng-Shou Xiao Xiangju Meng Feng Wu Dongwei Yao Yan Ding Hang Yin Hong he Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China Army Military Transportation University Tianjin 300161China Dongfeng Motor Corporation Wuhan 430101China China National heavy Duty Truck Group Company Limited Jinan 250000China Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012China

Diesel vehicles have caused serious environmental problems in China.hence,the Chinese government has launched serious actions against air pollution and imposed more stringent regulations on diesel vehicle emissions in the latest China VI standard.To fulfill this stringent legislation,two major technical routes,including the exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)and high-efficiency selective catalytic reduction(SCR)routes,have been developed for diesel engines.Moreover,complicated aftertreatment technologies have also been developed,including use of a diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC)for controlling carbon monoxide(CO)and hydrocarbon(HC)emissions,diesel particulate filter(DPF)for particle mass(PM)emission control,SCR for the control of NOx emission,and an ammonia slip catalyst(ASC)for the control of unreacted NH3.Due to the stringent requirements of the China VI standard,the aftertreatment system needs to be more deeply integrated with the engine system.In the future,aftertreatment technologies will need further upgrades to fulfill the requirements of the near-zero emission target for diesel vehicles.

关键词： Diesel vehicles Legislation Emission control Aftertreatment system Nitrogen oxides Particulate matter

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Effects of ambient temperature on regulated gaseous and particulate emissions from gasoline-, E10- and M15-fueled vehicles

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 199-211页

作者： Rencheng Zhu Jingnan Hu liqiang he Lei Zu Xiaofeng Bao Yitu Lai Sheng Su School of Ecology and Environment Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012China National Joint Research Center for Tracking Key Problems in Air Pollution Control Beijing 100012China Xiamen Environment Protection Vehicle Emission Control Technology Center Xiamen 361023China

Ambient temperature has substantial impacts on vehicle emissions,but the impacts may differ between traditional and alcohol gasolines.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature on gaseous and particulate emissions with both traditional and alcohol gasoline.Regulated gaseous,particle mass(PM),particle number(PN)and black carbon(BC)emissions from typical passenger vehicles were separately quantified with gasoline,E10(10%ethanol and 90%gasoline by volume)and M15(15%methanol and 85%gasoline by volume)at both 30°C and-7°C.The particulate emissions with all fuels increased significantly with decreased temperature.The PM emissions with E10 were only 48.0%–50.7%of those with gasoline at 30°C but increased to 59.2%-79.4%at-7°C.The PM emissions with M15 were comparable to those with gasoline at 30°C,but at-7°C,the average PM emissions were higher than those with gasoline.The variation trend of PN emissions was similar to that of PM emissions with changes in the fuel and temperature.At 30°C,the BC emissions were lower with E10 and M15 than with gasoline in most cases,but E10 and M15 might emit more BC than gasoline at-7°C,especially M15.The results of the transient PN and BC emission rates show that particulate emissions were dominated mainly by those emitted during the cold-start moment.Overall,the particulate emissions with E10 and M15 were more easily affected by ambient temperature,and the advantages of E10 and M15 in controlling particulate emissions declined as the ambient temperature decreased.

关键词： Particle mass Particle number Black carbon Alcohol gasoline Low temperature

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“第二个结合”视阈下的中国传统辩证思想:契合基点、问题指向与当代启示

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福州党校学报 2024年第2期 20-27页

作者：何立强同济大学马克思主义学院上海200092

中华优秀传统文化充盈着朴素辩证唯物主义哲理,其内在氤氲的辩证思维经过千年流存已成为一种强大的传统力量渗润、融入中华民族的思想血脉。辩证思维是马克思主义哲学方法论的精髓,同时也构成中国传统哲学的核心内涵,二者的内在契合成... 详细信息

中华优秀传统文化充盈着朴素辩证唯物主义哲理,其内在氤氲的辩证思维经过千年流存已成为一种强大的传统力量渗润、融入中华民族的思想血脉。辩证思维是马克思主义哲学方法论的精髓,同时也构成中国传统哲学的核心内涵,二者的内在契合成为“第二个结合”的重要基点。“守中致和”的价值理念、“执两用中”的思维范式为解决“古今中西之争”提供了方法论支撑。回顾传统辩证思想中蕴涵的卓越智慧,有助于为正确处理中国式现代化关涉的重大关系奠基深厚底蕴,有益于为中华文明获得新时代的言说形式赋予内在驱动。立足新时代新征程,我们要坚决反对否定传统文化的文化虚无主义,时刻警惕打着文化复兴旗帜的文化保守主义,在与西方文化的不断交流中保持自身特色、展现独特优势。

关键词： “第二个结合” 中国传统辩证思想习近平文化思想中国化马克思主义哲学

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毛泽东经济现代化思想的创造性探索与贡献

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毛泽东思想研究 2024年第1期 71-78页

作者：何立强同济大学马克思主义学院高校伟大建党精神研究中心同济大学分中心上海200092

以毛泽东为主要代表的中国共产党人,团结带领全国各族人民对中国现代化道路进行了艰辛探索,经过不懈努力形成了毛泽东经济现代化思想,为新时代继续推进和拓展中国式现代化奠定了坚实的思想基础。围绕习近平同志关于中国式现代化的重要论... 详细信息

以毛泽东为主要代表的中国共产党人,团结带领全国各族人民对中国现代化道路进行了艰辛探索,经过不懈努力形成了毛泽东经济现代化思想,为新时代继续推进和拓展中国式现代化奠定了坚实的思想基础。围绕习近平同志关于中国式现代化的重要论述,以全新视角回溯毛泽东关于中国社会主义经济现代化的原初构想与实践,不仅有利于明晰毛泽东经济现代化思想之于中国现代化思想发展史的重要地位,更有助于我们进一步认识中国式现代化建设的内在规律。

关键词：毛泽东经济现代化思想中国式现代化

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不同植棉模式下全生物降解地膜对K07-12产量和纤维品质的影响

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中国棉花 2024年第1期51卷 15-20页

作者：张东风王洪彬贺立强毛鹏志吴旭丽新疆生产建设兵团第七师农业科学研究所新疆奎屯833200 新疆应用职业技术学院新疆奎屯833200

以全生物降解地膜为试验材料,常规聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)地膜为对照,在1膜3行、1膜4行和1膜6行种植模式下,探究5 cm、10 cm、15 cm、20 cm和25 cm土层土壤温度的变化及覆膜对K07-12产量和纤维品质等的影响,为全生物降解地膜的推广应... 详细信息

以全生物降解地膜为试验材料,常规聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)地膜为对照,在1膜3行、1膜4行和1膜6行种植模式下,探究5 cm、10 cm、15 cm、20 cm和25 cm土层土壤温度的变化及覆膜对K07-12产量和纤维品质等的影响,为全生物降解地膜的推广应用提供科学依据。结果表明:与PE地膜相比,全生物降解地膜在1膜3行、1膜4行和1膜6行种植模式下的5~25 cm土层土壤平均温度分别降低1.24℃、1.95℃和2.41℃,K07-12籽棉单产分别下降26.26%、24.70%和16.53%。全生物降解地膜和PE地膜均在1膜4行种植模式下获得最高的籽棉和皮棉单产。同一种植模式下,全生物降解地膜处理与PE地膜处理的马克隆值有显著差异,纤维上半部平均长度、长度整齐度指数、断裂比强度和断裂伸长率均无显著差异。

关键词：植棉模式地膜覆盖全生物降解地膜聚乙烯地膜土壤温度棉花产量纤维品质

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