Saline-alkaline soils are a major environmental problem that limit plant growth and crop *** membrane H^(+)-ATPases and the salt overly sensitive(SOS)signaling pathway play important roles in plant responses to saline...
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Saline-alkaline soils are a major environmental problem that limit plant growth and crop *** membrane H^(+)-ATPases and the salt overly sensitive(SOS)signaling pathway play important roles in plant responses to saline-alkali ***,little is known about the functional genes and mechanisms regulating the transcription of H^(+)-ATPases and SOS pathway genes under saline–alkali *** the present study,we identified that the plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding(TaPLATZ2)transcription factor are involved in wheat response to saline-alkali stress by directly suppressing the expression of TaHA2/*** knockdown of TaPLATZ2 enhances salt and alkali stress tolerance,while overexpression of TaPLATZ2 leads to salt and alkali stress sensitivity in *** addition,TaWRKY55 directly upregulated the expression of TaPLATZ2 during saline-alkali *** knockdown and overexpression of Ta WRKY55 in wheat,Ta WRKY55 was shown to negatively modulate salt and alkali stress *** analyses confirmed that Ta PLATZ2 functions downstream of Ta WRKY55 in response to salt and alkaline *** findings provide a TaWRKY55–TaPLATZ2–TaHA2/TaSOS3 regulatory module that regulates wheat responses to saline-alkali stress.
An improved discontinuous space vector modulation(IDSVM)approach is proposed through analysis of key factors to impact fault tolerance control performance for the AC/DC converter in an all-DC offshore wind power *** t...
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An improved discontinuous space vector modulation(IDSVM)approach is proposed through analysis of key factors to impact fault tolerance control performance for the AC/DC converter in an all-DC offshore wind power *** three main factors being studied are compensation ratios of active vectors,type of vectors used to resynthesize reference voltage vector and zero vectors distribution in time *** effects are discussed from perspective of energy input,transmission and loss in the AC/DC *** schemes using different compensation ratios for active vectors are compared,and scheme C using projections on current axis achieves better fault tolerance *** this paper,the distorted voltage vector is used to synthesize reference voltage vector and the healthy zero vector is redistributed in the twelve *** former is beneficial to reduce three-phase current spikes and the latter helps to stabilize DC-link *** of the improved modulation approach are verified on an experimental platform simulating the offshore wind turbine with single switch and multiple switch open-circuit *** robustness and high performance are thoroughly evaluated.
Forced imbibition,the invasion of a wetting fluid into porous rocks,plays an important role in the effective exploitation of hydrocarbon resources and the geological sequestration of carbon ***,the interface dynamics ...
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Forced imbibition,the invasion of a wetting fluid into porous rocks,plays an important role in the effective exploitation of hydrocarbon resources and the geological sequestration of carbon ***,the interface dynamics influenced by complex topology commonly leads to non-wetting fluid ***,the underlying mechanisms under viscously unfavorable conditions remain *** study employs a direct numerical simulation method to simulate forced imbibition through the reconstructed digital rocks of *** interface dynamics and fluid–fluid interactions are investigated through transient simulations,while the pore topology metrics are introduced to analyze the impact on steady-state residual fluid distribution obtained by a pseudo-transient *** results show that the cooperative pore-filling process promoted by corner flow is dominant at low capillary *** leads to unstable inlet pressure,mass flow,and interface curvature,which correspond to complicated interface dynamics and higher residual fluid *** forced imbibition,the interface curvature gradually increases,with the pore-filling mechanisms involving the cooperation of main terminal meniscus movement and arc menisci *** topology with small diameter pores may result in the destabilization of interface *** residual fluid saturation is negatively correlated with porosity and pore throat size,and positively correlated with tortuosity and aspect ratio.A large mean coordination number characterizing global connectivity promotes ***,high connectivity characterized by the standardized Euler number corresponding to small pores is associated with a high probability of non-wetting fluid trapping.
The polar layered deposits(PLD) of Mars can provide deep insight into paleoclimate changes over the planet's last several million years. Since the 1960s, researchers have studied almost all aspects of Martian PLD prop...
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The polar layered deposits(PLD) of Mars can provide deep insight into paleoclimate changes over the planet's last several million years. Since the 1960s, researchers have studied almost all aspects of Martian PLD properties, searching for patterns that might reveal periodic characteristics of the planet's climate history. Although much progress has been made in our understanding of orbital periodicities reflected in the PLD, questions remain regarding how Martian orbital changes have affected the formation of the PLD and regarding the extent of climate information that is recorded in the PLD. Future studies of PLD should be carried out via integrated research that targets multi-profiles throughout the entire Martian polar regions that would clarify their general features at the hemisphere scale. Numerical modeling, coupled with modern observations of dust and water vapor transportation, should greatly advance our understanding of planetary climate evolution. Furthermore, future landing missions may help to clarify the paleoclimatic characteristics reflected in the PLD by drilling into these layered deposits and measuring mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the drilled samples.
Riverine boron（B） and its isotopic compositions(δ11B) are commonly used to trace silicate weathering within watersheds, but its sources and isotopic fractionation mechanisms remain contentious. In this study, we co...
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Riverine boron（B） and its isotopic compositions(δ11B) are commonly used to trace silicate weathering within watersheds, but its sources and isotopic fractionation mechanisms remain contentious. In this study, we collected the seasonal river waters of the Buha River, the largest inlet river of qinghai Lake, which is sensitive to climate change, and analyzed its seasonal variations of the major ions, B concentrations, and δ11B, to explore its sources and controlling factors. The results indicate that B in the Buha River predominantly originates from weathering of silicate rocks, with significantly seasonal variations in the geochemical behaviour of B isotopes. In the rainy seasons, the riverine B isotopic fractionation is primarily controlled by weathering of silicate rocks under the influence of hydrological conditions, where clay minerals preferentially absorb10B, leading to the enrichment of heavier B isotopes in river waters. In contrast, in the dry seasons, the B of river waters may mainly come from the recharge of groundwater(whose δ11B with a notable p H dependence); owing to prolonged retention of fluids, the steady state of δ11B is reached by the isotopic equilibrium through adsorption of clay minerals. This study highlights that the seasonal variations in riverine δ11B in semi-arid regions are jointly governed by silicate weathering, hydrological conditions, and water-rock interactions, with water p H and rainfall as key regulators. Consequently, riverine δ11B in the rainy seasons under semi-arid climatic conditions can effectively trace hydrologically-controlled silicate weathering processes within the watershed.
With an increase in global aging,the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing,and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic...
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With an increase in global aging,the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing,and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic ***,few therapeutic options exist that can markedly improve the cognitive impairment and prognosis of vascular dementia *** in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders,synaptic dysfunction is recognized as the main reason for cognitive *** oxide is one of the ubiquitous gaseous cellular messengers involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous ***,nitric oxide has been implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular *** review introduces in detail the emerging role of nitric oxide in physiological and pathological states of vascular dementia and summarizes the diverse effects of nitric oxide on different aspects of synaptic dysfunction,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and blood-brain barrier dysfunction that underlie the progress of vascular ***,we propose that targeting the nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway using certain specific approaches may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular dementia.
With the wide application of electromagnetic wave,a high performance electromagnetic shielding material is urgently needed to solve the harm caused by electromagnetic *** cross-linking strategy is adopted in this ***(...
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With the wide application of electromagnetic wave,a high performance electromagnetic shielding material is urgently needed to solve the harm caused by electromagnetic *** cross-linking strategy is adopted in this ***(PAM)was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of acrylamide(AM)*** obtained PAM was blended with polyethylene glycol(PEG)to prepare PAM/PEG hydrogels and form rigid support ***,the modified carbon nanotubes(S-CNTs)were incorpor-ated into sodium alginate(SA)and PAM/***,Na+was used to trigger SA self-assembly,which significantly improved the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the hydrogels,and prepared PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogels with high tough-ness and strong electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding efficiency(SE).The results showed that the compressive strength of PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogel was 19.05 MPa,which was 7.69%higher than that of PAM/PEG hydrogel(17.69 MPa).More en-couraging,the average EMI SE of PAM/PEG/SA/S-CNTs-Na hydrogels at a thickness of only 3 mm and a CNTs content of 16.53wt%was 32.92 dB,which is 113.21%higher than that of PAM/PEG hydrogels(15.44 dB).
High-entropy materials have become high-activity electrocatalysis owing to their high-entropy effect and multiple active ***,we synthesize a series of carbon-supported nano high-entropy oxides(HEOs/C),specifically (Pt...
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High-entropy materials have become high-activity electrocatalysis owing to their high-entropy effect and multiple active ***,we synthesize a series of carbon-supported nano high-entropy oxides(HEOs/C),specifically (PtFeCoNiCu)O/C,using a carbothermal shock (CTS) method for application as a cathode catalyst in direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs).The microstructure of the prepared catalysts was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption fine structure,and transmission electron *** prepared (PtFeCoNiCu)O/C,with particle sizes ranging from 2 to 4 nm,demonstrates 3.94 transferred electrons towards the oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline environment,resulting in a minimal H_(2)O_(2)yield of 2.6%.Additionally,it exhibits a Tafel slope of 61 mV dec-1,surpassing that of commercial Pt/C (82 mV dec-1).Furthermore,after 40,000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry(CV) testing,the half-wave potential of (PtFeCoNiCu)O/C shows a positive shift of 3 mV,with no notable decline in the limiting current *** (PtFeCoNiCu)O/C is used as a cathode catalyst in DBFCs,the DBFC achieves a maximum power density of 441 mW cm^(-2)at 60°C and sustains a cell voltage of approximately 0.73 V after 52 h at 30°*** findings confirm that HEO/C is a promising cathode catalyst for DBFCs.
Iron ore pellets,as one of the main charges of blast furnaces,have a greater impact on the CO_(2)emission reduction and stable operation of blast *** isothermal reduction behavior of the pellets obtained from a Chines...
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Iron ore pellets,as one of the main charges of blast furnaces,have a greater impact on the CO_(2)emission reduction and stable operation of blast *** isothermal reduction behavior of the pellets obtained from a Chinese steel plant was studied in the gas mixtures of CO and N_(2).The results showed the reduction process is divided into two *** reduction in the initial stage(time t≤40 min)is cooperatively controlled by internal diffusion and interface chemical reactions with the activation energy of 30.19 and 16.67 kJ/mol,*** controlling step of the reduction in the final stage(t>40 min)is internal diffusion with the activation energy of 34.60 kJ/*** reduction process can be described by two equations obtained from kinetic *** reduction degree can be predicted under different temperatures and time,and the predicted results showed an excellent correlation with the experimental *** reduction mechanisms were confirmed by the analysis of the scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer and optical microscope.
Engineering nonmetallic atom-doped metal-organic framework(MOF)catalyst to promote C−C coupling and realize conversion of CO_(2) into C_(2 )multi-carbon hydrocarbon products is still ***,with 2-methylimidazole as a do...
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Engineering nonmetallic atom-doped metal-organic framework(MOF)catalyst to promote C−C coupling and realize conversion of CO_(2) into C_(2 )multi-carbon hydrocarbon products is still ***,with 2-methylimidazole as a dopant of N element,an N-doped NH_(2)-CuBDC catalyst was obtained via a facile and simple stirring *** illumination,compared with catalytic CO_(2) reduction to C1 product of CO by original MOF,N-doped NH_(2)-CuBDC can motivate generation of C_(2)H_(4),which is difficult to achieve in photocatalytic system by MOF-based *** transfer rates of photo-generated charges have been expedited due to the high electron density around Cu catalytic sites after *** importantly,C–C coupling intermediate CO–CHO*was identified by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy during the catalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction process,which further indicates the presence of Cu–N sites in the NH_(2)-CuBDC can facilitate the formation of C2H_(4) *** work uncovers a new paradigm to design photocatalysts for enhancing the reduction of CO_(2) to C_(2) products.
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