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Assessment of Arctic sea ice simulations in CMIP5 models using a synthetical skill scoring method

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第9期38卷 48-58页

作者： liping wu Xiao-Yi Yang Jianyu Hu State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519000 China

The Arctic sea ice cover has declined at an unprecedented pace since the late 20th century. As a result, the feedback of sea ice anomalies for atmospheric circulation has been increasingly evidenced. While climatic models almost consistently reproduced a decreasing trend of sea ice cover, the reported results show a large distribution. To evaluate the performance of models for simulating Arctic sea ice cover and its potential role in climate change, this study constructed a reasonable metric by synthesizing both linear trends and anomalies of sea ice. This study particularly focused on the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea, where sea ice anomalies have the highest potential to affect the atmosphere. The investigated models can be grouped into three categories according to their normalized skill scores. The strong contrast among the multi-model ensemble means of different groups demonstrates the robustness and rationality of this method. Potential factors that account for the different performances of climate models are further explored. The results show that model performance depends more on the ozone datasets that are prescribed by the model rather than on the chemical representation of ozone.

关键词： Arctic sea ice climate model Barents and Kara Seas multi-model ensemble mean

Scheduling Optimization of Space Object Observations for Radar

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2018年第1期27卷 36-42页

作者： Xiongjun Fu liping wu Chengyan Zhang Min Xie School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology

An optimizing method of observation scheduling based on time-division multiplexing is proposed in this paper,and its efficiency is verified by outdoor experiments. The initial observation scheduling is first obtained by using a semi-random search algorithm,and secondly the connection time pair（ CTP） between adjacent objects is optimized by using a genetic algorithm. After obtaining these two parameters,the final observation scheduling can be obtained. According to pre-designed tracks between each adjacent objects in observation order,the seamless observation of neighboring targets is derived by automatically steering the antenna beam,so the observation efficiency is improved.

关键词： space objects observation scheduling semi-random search genetic algorithm

Chemical composition of PM_(2.5) during winter in Tianjin,China

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Particuology 2011年第3期9卷 215-221页

作者： Jinxia Gu Zhipeng Bai Weifang Li liping wu Aixia Liu Haiyan Dong Yiyang Xie Tianjin Institute of Urban Construction Tianjin 300384 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban AmbientAir Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering. Nankai University Tianjin 300071. China Tianjin Institute of Meteorological Instruments. Tianjin 300074 China Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Central Station Tianjin 300191 China

PM2.5 samples for 24h were collected during winter in Tianjin, China. The ambient mass concentration and chemical composition of the PM2.5 were determined. Ionic species were analyzed by ion chromatography, while carbonaceous species were determined with the IMPROVE thermal optical reflectance （TOR） method, and inorganic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. The daily PM2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 48.2 to 319.2 μg/m^3 with an arithmetic average of 144.6 μg/m^3. The elevated PM2.5 in winter was mostly attributed to combustion sources such as vehicle exhaust, heating, cooking and industrial emissions, low wind speeds and high relative humidity （RH）, which were favorable for pollutant accumulation and formation of secondary pollutants. By chemical mass balance, it was estimated that about 89.1% of the PM2.5 mass concentrations were explained by carbonaceous species, secondary particles, crustal matters, sea salt and trace elements. Organic material was the largest contributor, accounting for about 32.7% of the total PM2.5 mass concentrations. SO4^2-, NO3^-, Cl^- and NH4^＋ were four major ions, accounting for 16.6%, 11.5%, 4.7% and 6,0%, respectively, of the total mass of PM2.5.

关键词： PM2.5 Water-soluble ions Organic carbon (OC) Elemental carbon (EC) Crustal matter

Influence of pH on the Formation, Composition and Protectiveness of Fluoride Conversion Film Deposited on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy in KF Solution

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第9期36卷 1397-1408页

作者： liping wu Chen Liu Jie Wei Junhua Dong Lin Zhao Chao Li Wei Ke Yiqing Chen Changgang Wang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application Anshan114009China

In deaerated 0.1 M KF solution at pH 5, pH 7.5 and pH 9, fluoride films were deposited on AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy at − 1.4 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The morphology, phase composition, elemental and compositional depth distribution of different fluoride films and their influences on the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy were explored in detail. The results indicated that the films deposited at weak acidic and nearly neutral pH consisted of two layers with amorphous Mg(OH)_(2) and MgF_(2) as the inner layer, and Mg(OH)_(2), MgF_(2) and KMgF_(3) crystals the outer layer. The film deposited at alkaline pH was a monolayer structure consisting of amorphous Mg(OH)_(2) as the major constitute and MgF_(2) as the minor constitute. The protectiveness of fluoride film was intimately related to its composition and structure. The content and crystal regularity of KMgF_(3) were the two main factors influencing the protectiveness of fluoride film. The fluoride film deposited at pH 7.5 offered the best protection to AZ31 Mg alloy.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Potentiostatic deposition Fluoride film KF solution

Building national eco-cultural protection areas and the Xiangxi practice in Hunan Province

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第12期30卷 2076-2092页

作者： LIU Chunla wu liping XU Mei ZENG Fanchao JIAO Lipeng College of Resources and Environment Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Mining and Application Hunan ProvinceChangsha 410081China College of Tourism Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China

Since 2007,the Chinese government has initiated the building of national eco-cultural protection areas(NECPAs),thereby embarking on a significant transformation of the model of intangible cultural heritage(IC H)protection in *** understand the origin and outputs of this policy,this paper demonstrates the context of China's *** proposes a conceptual NECPA framework that mainly features regional overall ICH *** is followed by an examination of the case of Xiangxi in Western Hunan as a pilot zone for China’s eco-cultural *** has performed much related work to promote NECPAs and made great progress in regional overall ICH *** insight suggests that there are benefits and costs associated with promotion of China's NECPAs and regional overall ICH *** the advantages of institutional innovation,the unexpected side effects actually undermine the success of plan implementation.

关键词： national eco-cultural protection area intangible cultural heritage regional overall protection Xiangxi China

Electrochemical noise analysis on the pit corrosion susceptibility of biodegradable AZ31 magnesium alloy in four types of simulated body solutions

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第10期34卷 1876-1884页

作者： changgang wang liping wu fang xue rongyao ma ini-ibehe nabuk etim xuehui hao junhua dong wei ke Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

Magnesium alloys have been investigated as biodegradable implant materials since the last century. Non-uniform degradation caused by local corrosion limits their application, and no appropriate technology has been used in the research. In this study, electrochemical noise has been used to study the pit corrosion on magnesium alloy AZ31 in four types of simulated body solutions, and the data have been analyzed using wavelet analysis and stochastic theory. Combining these with the conventional polarization curves, mass loss tests and scanning electron microscopy, the electrochemical noise results implied that AZ31 alloy in normal saline has the fastest corrosion rate, a high pit initiation rate, and maximum pit growth probability. In Hanks＇ balanced salt solution and phosphate-buffered saline, AZ31 alloy has a high pit initiation rate and larger pit growth probability, while in simulated body fluid, AZ31 alloy has the slowest corrosion rate, lowest pit initiation rate and smallest pit growth probability.

关键词： Biodegradable magnesium alloy Electrochemical noise (EN) Pit corrosion susceptibilities Wavelet analysis Stochastic model

Effect of D-fructose on the in-vitro corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第7期66卷 202-212页

作者： Durga Bhakta Pokharel liping wu Junhua Dong Xin Wei Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim Dhruba Babu Subedi Aniefiok Joseph Umoh Wei Ke Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science(SYNL) Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Department of Marine Biology Akwa Ibom State UniversityUyoNigeria

The effect of addingd-fructose to simulated body fluid(SBF) on the corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium(Mg) alloy at 37.C and at a pH of 7.4 was studied by potentiodynamic polarization(PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), potentiostatic polarization and hydrogen(H2) collecting techniques,Raman spectroscopy technique, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis(XPS) and Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR). The results demonstrated that the addition of fructose enhanced the deposition of phosphates forming thick and compact corrosion products, which inhibited the transmission of aggressive ions into the Mg substrate. As a result, both the anodic dissolution of Mg and negative difference effect(NDE) were suppressed. Thus, the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mgalloy in SBF was significantly improved.

关键词： AZ31 Mg alloy D-Fructose SBF EIS Hydroxyapatite

Effect of applied potential on the microstructure, composition and corrosion resistance evolution of fluoride conversion film on AZ31 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第11期34卷 2084-2090页

作者： liping wu Changgang Wang Durga Bhakta Pokharel Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim Lin Zhao Junhua Dong Wei Ke Nan Chen Environmental Corrosion Center Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

AZ31 magnesium（Mg） alloy was potentiostatic polarized in 0.1 M deaerated KF solution with pH 7.5 from-0.4 V to-1.4 V with an interval of-0.2 V. The polarization process was described by the potentiostatic current decay. The resultant film was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）. The results demonstrated that the deposited film included a Mg（OH）2/MgF2 containing inner layer and a Mg（OH）-2/MgF2/KMgF3 comprising outer layer. The high polarized potential produced high content of MgF2 but low content of KMgF3 and thin film. Conversely, the low polarized potential produced small content of MgF2 but high content of KMgF3 and thick film. The optimal corrosion resistance of the deposited film was obtained at-1.4 V, which was closely related with the content of MgF2 and KMgF3 and the film thickness.

关键词： Potentiostatic Fluoride conversion film AZ33 magnesium alloy KF solution Corrosion

Design and application of a novel coal-fired drum boiler using saline water in heavy oil recovery

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Frontiers in Energy 2020年第4期14卷 715-725页

作者： Junping GU Yuxin wu liping wu Man ZHANG Hairui YANG Junfu LYU Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Yucheng Thermo Ltd. Karamay 834000China

In this paper,the design and operation of a novel coal-fired circulating fluidized bed(CFB)drum boiler that can generate superheated steam using saline water were *** natural circulation water dynamics with a drum was adopted instead of the traditional once-through steam generator(OTSG)design,so that superheated steam can be generated for the better performance of the steam assisted gravity drainage(SAGD)technology in heavy oil *** optimized staged evaporation method was proposed to further decrease the salinity of water in the clean water section of the *** evaporating pipes of the salted water section were rearranged in the back pass of the boiler,where the heat load is low,to further improve the heat transfer safety.A CFB combustion technology was used for coal firing to achieve a uniform heat transfer condition with low heat *** control technologies were adopted to reduce pollutant *** on the field test,the recommended water standard for the coal-fired CFB drum boilers was *** the present technology,the treated recovery wastewater can be reused in steam-injection boilers to generate superheated *** engineering applications show that the boiler efficiency is higher than 90%,the blowdown rate is limited within 5.5%,and the superheat of steam can reach up to 30 ***,the heavy oil recovery efficiency is significantly ***,the pollutant emissions of SO2,NOV and dust are controlled within the ranges of 20-90 mg/(N·m^(3)),30-90 mg/(N·m^(3))and 2-10 mg/(N·m^(3))respectively.

关键词： drum steam injection boiler natural circulation recovery wastewater staged evaporation circulating fluidized bed(CFB)