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MANAGING CONSTRUCTION RISKS OF AP1000 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN CHINA

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2011年第1期20卷 43-69页

作者： Shufeng WANG M.I.M. WAHAB liping fang China Nuclear Industry Fifth Construction Corporation 1070 Longsheng Road Jinshan District Shanghai China 201512 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson University 350 ~ctoria Street Toronto Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson University 350 Victoria Street Toronto Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada

Large and complex construction projects lace risk trom various sources and the successlul completion of such projects depends on effective risk management. This study investigates the risk faced by Chinese firms participating in constructing AP 1000 nuclear power plants in China. AP 1000 nuclear reactors are new, Generation III＋ reactors designed by Westinghouse and to be built first in China. The semi-structured interview approach is used to elicit information from experts involved in the AP1000 projects in China. Based on the interviews, various sources of risk are identified. In addition to general risks that megaprojects normally face, there are unique risks that arise from various sources such as technological, political, organizational, and individual personnel risks. Risk management strategies are proposed to manage general and unique risks identified in the study. The findings of this study would be helpful for Chinese companies involved in the construction of AP 1000 nuclear power plants to mitigate the risks associated with the projects.

关键词： Risk management construction risks nuclear power plants AP 1000 semi-structuredinterview

RISK REDUCTION IN A PROJECT PORTFOLIO

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2017年第1期26卷 3-22页

作者： Dujuan Guan Peng Guo Keith W. Hipel liping fang School of Management Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi 'an 710072 China Department of Management Hefei University Hefei 230601 China Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 Centre for International Governance Innovation Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 6C2 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada M5B 2K3

The positive impacts of managing projects as a portfolio are quantified by comparing the value of the integrated risk of a project portfolio and the aggregation of single project risks implemented separately. Firstly, the integrated risk is defined by proposing risky events based on set theory. Secondly, as projects interact with each other in a project portfolio, the integrated risk is evaluated by using a Bayesian network structure learning algorithm to construct an interdependent network of risks. Finally, the integrated risk of a practical case is assessed using this method, and the results show that the proposed method is an effective tool for calculating the extent of risk reduction of implementing a project portfolio and identifying the most risky project, so as to assist companies in making comprehensive decisions in the phase of portfolio selection and portfolio controlling.

关键词： Project portfolio integrated risk set theory Bayesian network risk assessment

Heavy metals and their source identification in particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) in Isfahan City, Iran

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第10期30卷 166-175页

作者： Mohsen Soleimani Nasibeh Amini Babak Sadeghian Dongsheng Wang liping fang Department of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan's Department of Environment Division of Environmental Monitoring State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences

The presence of heavy metals（HMs） in particulate matters（PMs） particularly fine particles such as PM2.5 poses potential risk to the health of human being. The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents of HMs in PM2.5 in the atmospheric monitoring stations in Isfahan city,Iran, in different seasons between March 2014 and March 2015 and their source identification using principle component analysis（PCA）. The samples of PM2.5 were taken using a high volume sampler in 7 monitoring stations located throughout the city and industrial zones since March 2014 to March 2015. The HMs content of the samples was measured using *** results showed that the concentrations of As, Cd and Ni were in a range of 23–36, 1–12,and 5–76 ng/m3 at all the stations which exceeded the US-EPA standards. Furthermore,the concentrations of Cr and Cu reached to 153 and 167 ng/m3 in some stations which were also higher than the standard levels. Depending on the potential sources of HMs, their concentration in PM2.5 through the various seasons was different. PCA illustrated that the different potential sources of HMs in the atmosphere, showing that the most important sources of HMs originated from fossil fuel combustion, abrasion of vehicle tires, industrial activities（e.g., iron and steel industries） and dust storms. Management and control of air pollution of industrial plants and vehicles are suggested for decreasing the risk of the HMs in the region.

关键词： Air pollution Heavy metals Particulate matters Principle component analysis

Evaluating the effectiveness of using ClO_2 bleaching as substitution of traditional Cl_2 on PCDD/F reduction in a non-wood pulp and paper mill using reeds as raw materials

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Green Energy & Environment 2018年第3期3卷 302-308页

作者： Lili Yang liping fang Linyan Huang Yuyang Zhao Guorui Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Environmental Reference Materials of Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China

The effectiveness of ClO_2 bleaching as a replacement for conventional Cl_2 bleaching,which is intensively practiced in developing countries,to reduce polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)in non-wood pulp and paper mills has not been field *** first field study was performed to investigate PCDD/F variations when ClO_2 bleaching was used as a substitute for conventional Cl_2 bleaching in a non-wood pulp and paper *** was found that the PCDD/F toxic equivalents(TEQs)in solid and effluent samples were approximately 1.3–14.9 times lower when ClO_2 bleaching was used instead of the conventional Cl_2 bleaching.2,3,7,8-Substituted tetrachlorinated dibenzofurans(2,3,7,8-TCDF)were the dominant contributors to total PCDD/F TEQs in samples from the investigated mill when using conventional Cl_2 *** formation amounts of 2,3,7,8-TCDF were reduced from 1.56–2.76 pg TEQ/g to 0.02–0.32 pg TEQ/g in solid samples when ClO_2 bleaching was used instead of the conventional Cl_2 *** replacement of Cl_2 with ClO_2 might decrease the chlorination reactions of dibenzofuran as potential precursors,and thus reduce the formation amounts of 2,3,7,*** results could provide important knowledge for suggesting the best available technique for PCDD/F reduction for non-wood pulp and paper mills in developing countries.

关键词： PCDD/Fs Pulp and paper mill ClO2 bleaching Cl2 bleaching Persistent organic pollutants

Highly sensitive deep-silver-nanowell arrays （d-AgNWAs） for refractometric sensing

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Nano Research 2017年第3期10卷 908-921页

作者： Xueyao Liu Wendong Liu liping fang Shunsheng Ye Huaizhong Shen Bai Yang State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China

Large-area deep-silver-nanowell arrays （d-AgNWAs） for plasmonic sensing were manufactured by combining colloidal lithography with metal deposition. In contrast to most previous studies, we shed light on the outstanding sensitivity afforded by deep metallic nanowells （up to 400 nm in depth）. Using gold nanohole arrays as a mask, a silicon substrate was etched into deep silicon nanowells, which acted as a template for subsequent Ag deposition, resulting in the formation of d-AgNWAs. Various geometric parameters were separately tailored to study the changes in the optical performance and further optimize the sensing ability of the structure. After several rounds of selection, the best sensing d-AgNWA, which had a Ag thickness of 400 nm, template depth of 400 nm, hole diameter of 504 nm, and period of 1 ~m, was selected. It had a sensitivity of 933 ***-1, which is substantially higher than those of most common thin metallic nanohole arrays. As a proof of concept, the as-prepared structure was employed as a substrate for an antigen-antibody recognition immunoassay, which indicates its great potential for label-free real-time biosensing.

关键词： deep-silver-nanowellarrays colloidal lithography nanohole plasmonic nanostructure refractometric sensing

Polymer-assisted fabrication of gold nanoring arrays

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Nano Research 2017年第10期10卷 3346-3357页

作者： Hongxu Chen Shilin Mu liping fang Huaizhong Shen Junhu Zhang Bai Yang State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baading 071002 China

In this paper, we report a new strategy for the fabrication of gold nanoring arrays via colloidal lithography and polymer-assisted self-assembly of gold nanoparticles （Au NPs）. First, multi-segmented polymer nanorod arrays were fabricated via colloidal lithography. They were then used as templates for Au NP adsorption, which resulted in nanoparticles on the poly（4-vinyl pyridine）（P4VP） segments. Continuous gold nanorings were formed after electroless deposition of gold. The diameter, quantity, and spacing of the gold nanorings could be tuned. Three dimensional coaxial gold nanorings with varying diameters could be fabricated on a polymer nanorod by modifying the etch parameters. The nanorings exhibited optical plasmonic resonances at theoretically predicted wavelengths. In addition, the polymer-assisted gold nanorings were released from the substrate to generate a high yield of flee-standing nanorings. This simple, versatile method was also used to prepare nanorings from other metals such as palladium.

关键词： gold nanorings colloidal lithography self-assembly plasmonic

Functional interface based on silicon artificial chamfer nanocylinder arrays （CNCAs） with underwater superoleophobicity and anisotropic properties

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Nano Research 2016年第10期9卷 3141-3151页

作者： Wendong Liu Xueyao Liu Siyuan Xiang Yixin Chen liping fang Bai Yang State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China

A functional interface based on silicon chamfer nanocylinder arrays （CNCAs） was successfully fabricated by carrying out secondary etching of silicon nanopillar arrays via a facile inclined etching method. The structure of the novel CNCAs was finely modulated by varying the nanopillar array structure and the etching conditions. The underwater oil wetting behavior of this CNCAs-based interface can be easily modulated from superoleophilic （oil contact angle （OCA） of -8.13°） state to superoleophobic （OCA of ~163.79°） state by modifying the surface using different substances. Moreover, a reversible transformation of underwater oil wetting behavior from superoleophobic （OCA of -155.67°） state to oleophilic （OCA of ~31.27°） state was achieved by grafting a temperature-responsive polymer onto this specific asymmetric structure. The functional interface exhibited isotropic wetting behavior under certain oleophilic conditions. Chemically heterogeneous structures, obtained via asymmetry modification of CNCAs, exhibited amphiphobic properties while maintaining their anisotropic wetting ability.

关键词： chamfer nanocylinder arrays inclined etching superoleophobic anisotropic chemical-heterogeneous

Surfactant-assisted removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from soil by zero-valent Fe/Cu activated persulfate

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第4期35卷 447-455页

作者： Ling Xu Ji Li Wenbin Zeng Kai Liu Yibing Ma liping fang Chenlu Shi Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangzhou 510650China Macao Environmental Research Institute Macao University of Science and TechnologyTaipaMacaoChina

The organic compounds contaminated soil substantially threatens the growth of plants and food *** this study,we synthesis zero-valent bimetallic Fe/Cu catalysts for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(DCP)in soils with persulfate(PS)in combination of organic surfactants and exploring the main environmental impact *** kinetic experiments show that the 5%(mass)dosage of Fe/Cu exhibits a higher degradation efficiency(86%)of DCP in soils,and the degradation efficiency of DCP increases with the increase of the initial PS *** conditions are favorable for the DCP degradation in *** importantly,the addition of Tween-80,and Triton-100 can obviously desorb DCP from the soil surface,which enhances the degradation efficiency of DCP in soils by Fe/Cu and PS reaction ***,the Quenching experiments demonstrate that SO_(4)^(-1)·and·OH are the predominant radicals for the degradation of DCP during the Fe/Cu and PS reaction system as well as non-radical also *** findings of this work provide an effective method for remediating DCP from soils.

关键词： Zero-valent iron and copper Advanced oxidation process Persulfate Chlorinated organic pollutants Surfactant

Distinct roles of pH and organic ligands in the dissolution of goethite by cysteine

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 260-268页

作者： Ji Li Chenlu Shi Wenbin Zeng Yaru Wang Zebin Hong Yibing Ma liping fang Faculty of Material Sciences and Chemistry China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangzhou 520650China Macao Environmental Research Institute Macao University of Science and TechnologyTaipa 999078MachaoChina

Electron shuttles such cysteine play an important role in Fe cycle and its availability in soils,while the roles of pH and organic ligands in this process are poorly ***,the reductive dissolution process of goethite by cysteine were explored in the presence of organic *** results showed that cysteine exhibited a strong reactivity towards goethite-a typical iron minerals in paddy soils with a rate constant ranging from 0.01 to0.1 hr^(-1).However,a large portion of Fe(Ⅱ) appeared to be "structural species" retained on the *** decline of pH was favorable to generate more Fe(Ⅱ) ions and enhancing tendency of Fe(Ⅱ) release to *** decline of generation of Fe(Ⅱ) by increasing pH was likely to be caused by a lower redox potential and the nature of cysteine pH-dependent adsorption towards ***,the co-existence of oxalate and citrate ligands also enhanced the rate constant of Fe(Ⅱ) release from 0.09 to 0.15 hr-1;nevertheless,they negligibly affected the overall generation of Fe(Ⅱ) in opposition to the pH *** spectroscopic evidence demonstrated that two molecules of cysteine could form disulfide bonds(S-S) to generate cystine through oxidative dehydration,and subsequently,inducing electron transfer from cysteine to the structural Fe(Ⅲ) on goethite;meanwhile,those organic ligands act as Fe(Ⅱ) "strippers".The findings of this work provide new insights into the understanding of the different roles of pH and organic ligands on the generation and release of Fe induced by electron shuttles in soils.

关键词： Electron transfer Reductive dissolution Iron cycling Organic ligands