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Fusion of In-Situ Soil Moisture and Land Surface Model Estimates Using Localized Ensemble Optimum Interpolation over China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第6期34卷 1335-1346页

作者： lipeng jiang Chunxiang SHI Shuai SUN Xiao LIANG School of Geographic Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Land data assimilation(DA)is an effective method to provide high-quality spatially and temporally continuous soil moisture datasets that are crucial in weather,climate,hydrological,and agricultural ***,most existing land DA applications have used remote sensing observations,and are based on one-dimensional(1 D)analysis,which cannot be directly employed to reasonably assimilate the recently expanded in-situ soil moisture observations in *** this paper,a two-dimensional(2 D)localized ensemble-based optimum interpolation(En OI)scheme for assimilating in-situ soil moisture observations from over 2200 stations into land surface models(LSMs)is *** scheme uses historical LSM simulations as ensemble samples to provide soil moisture background error covariance,allowing the in-situ observation information to be propagated to surrounding *** is also computationally efficient because no additional ensemble simulations are needed.A set of ensemble sampling and localization length scale sensitivity experiments are *** En OI performs best for in-situ soil moisture fusion over China with an ensemble sampling of hourly soil moisture from the previous 7 days and a localization length scale of 100 *** the evaluation,simulations for in-situ soil moisture fusion are also performed from May 2016 to September *** En OI analysis is notably better than that without in-situ observation fusion,as the wet bias of 0.02 m3 m-3 is removed,the root-mean-square error(RMSE)is reduced by about 37%,and the correlation coefficient is increased by about 25%.Independent evaluation shows that the En OI analysis performs considerably better than that without fusion in terms of bias,and marginally better in terms of RMSE and correlation.

关键词： soil moisture fusion land surface model(LSM) ensemble optimum interpolation localization

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System of Multigrid Nonlinear Least-squares Four-dimensional Variational Data Assimilation for Numerical Weather Prediction(SNAP):System Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第11期37卷 1267-1284页

作者： Hongqin ZHANG Xiangjun TIAN Wei CHENG lipeng jiang International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology Beijing 100029China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

A new forecasting system-the System of Multigrid Nonlinear Least-squares Four-dimensional Variational(NLS-4DVar)Data Assimilation for Numerical Weather Prediction(SNAP)-was established by building upon the multigrid NLS-4DVar data assimilation scheme,the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation(GSI)−based data-processing and observation operators,and the widely used Weather Research and Forecasting numerical *** upon lessons learned from the superiority of the operational GSI analysis system,for its various observation operators and the ability to assimilate multiple-source observations,SNAP adopts GSI-based data-processing and observation operator modules to compute the observation *** multigrid NLS-4DVar assimilation framework is used for the analysis,which can adequately correct errors from large to small scales and accelerate iteration *** analysis variables are model state variables,rather than the control variables adopted in the conventional 4DVar ***,we have achieved the assimilation of conventional observations,and we will continue to improve the assimilation of radar and satellite observations in the *** was evaluated by case evaluation experiments and one-week cycling assimilation *** the case evaluation experiments,two six-hour time windows were established for assimilation experiments and precipitation forecasts were verified against hourly precipitation observations from more than 2400 national observation *** showed that SNAP can absorb observations and improve the initial field,thereby improving the precipitation *** the one-week cycling assimilation experiments,six-hourly assimilation cycles were run in one *** produced slightly lower forecast RMSEs than the GSI 4DEnVar(Four-dimensional Ensemble Variational)as a whole and the threat scores of precipitation forecasts initialized from the analysis of SNAP were higher than those obtained from the analysis of GSI

关键词： data assimilation numerical weather prediction NLS-4DVar multigrid GSI

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Comparison of the Global Energy Cycle between Chinese Reanalysis Interim and ECMWF Reanalysis

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第3期33卷 563-575页

作者： Bin ZHAO Bo ZHANG Chunxiang SHI Jingwei LIU lipeng jiang National Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Meteorological Administration Numerical Weather Prediction Center Beijing 100081 National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081

The global energy cycle is a diagnostic metric widely used to gauge the quality of datasets. In this paper, the "Mixed Space-Time Domain" method for diagnosis of energy cycle is evaluated by using newly developed datasets-the Chinese Reanalysis Interim (CRAI) and ECMWF Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5), over a 7-yr period (2010-16) on seasonal and monthly timescales. The results show that the energy components calculated from the two reanalysis datasets are highly consistent;however, some components in the global energy integral from CRAI are slightly larger than those from ERA5. The main discrepancy in the energy components stems from the conversion of baroclinic process, whereas the dominant difference originates from the conversion from stationary eddy available potential energy to stationary eddy kinetic energy (CES), which is caused by systematic differences in the temperature and vertical velocity in low-mid latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and near the Antarctic, where there exist complex terrains. Furthermore, the monthly analysis reveals that the general discrepancy in the temporal variation between the two datasets also lie mainly in the CES as well as corresponding generation and dissipation rates.

关键词： global energy cycle transient waves conversion terms Chinese Reanalysis Interim (CRAI) ECMWF Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5)

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Pre-Processing,Quality Assurance,and Use of Global Atmospheric Motion Vector Observations in CRA

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第6期36卷 947-962页

作者： Minyan WANG Shuang YAO lipeng jiang Tao ZHANG Chunxiang SHI Ting ZHU National Meteorological Information Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081

Assimilation of atmospheric motion vectors(AMVs)is important in the initialization of the atmospheric state in numerical weather prediction models,especially over oceans and at high latitudes where conventional data are *** paper presents a detailed description of the pre-processing,quality assurance,and use of global AMVs in China’s first generation of the 40-yr(1979-2018)CRA global atmospheric reanalysis product.A new AMV archive is integrated from near real-time operational Global Telecommunication System data and reprocessed AMV datasets released or produced mainly during 2014-2016 according to a priority *** avoid the misuse of data with systematic quality problems,the observations of all 18 types of AMVs from 54 satellites are pre-evaluated over the whole time *** pre-evaluation system developed by the CRA team is based on the NCEP Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation(GSI)three-dimensional variational assimilation system and the ERA-Interim reanalysis *** AMVs in the new AMV archive are denser than the AMVs prepared for the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis product,the bias and root-mean-square values are smaller,and the time series are *** new AMV archive is assimilated in the CRA product based on the NCEP GSI assimilation procedure and quality control configuration with reference to the pre-evaluation *** is the first time that the reprocessed AMVs from Fengyun-2 satellites from June 2005 to July 2017 are assimilated in a reanalysis *** assimilation features inspire confidence in the accuracy and stability of these *** mean root-mean-square values of the observation minus analysis infrared,water vapor,and visible AMV were 1.5-3.4,2.7-3.6,and 1.3-2.1 m s-1,*** experience of integrating,pre-evaluating,and assimilating AMV observations is valuable for the next generation of reanalysis products.

关键词： reanalysis CRA(China’s first generation of 40-yr global atmospheric ReAnalysis product) atmospheric motion vector integration assimilation reprocessed data

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Integration, Quality Assurance, and Usage of Global Aircraft Observations in CRA

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第1期35卷 1-16页

作者： Jie LIAO Huiying WANG Zijiang ZHOU Zhiquan LIU lipeng jiang Fang YUAN National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China National Center for Atmospheric Research CO 80301USA

This paper presents a detailed description of integration, quality assurance procedure, and usage of global aircraft observations for China's first generation global atmospheric reanalysis(CRA) product(1979–2018). An integration method named "classified integration" is developed. Aircraft observations from nine different sources are integrated into the Integrated Global Meteorological Observation Archive from Aircraft(IGMOAA), a new dataset from the National Meteorological Information Center(NMIC) of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA). IGMOAA consists of global aircraft temperature, wind, and humidity data from the surface to 100 h Pa, extending from 1973 to the present. Compared with observations assimilated in the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSR) of NCEP,the observation number of IGMOAA increased by 12.9% between 2010 and 2014, mainly as a result of adding more Chinese Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay(AMDAR) data. Complex quality control procedures for aircraft observations of NCEP are applied to detect data errors. Observations are compared with ERA-Interim reanalysis from 1979 to 2018 to investigate data quality of different types and aircraft, and subsequently to develop the blacklists for CRA. IGMOAA data have been assimilated in CRA in 2018 and are real-time updated at the CMA Data-as-a-Service(CMADaa S) platform. For CRA, the fits to observations improve over time. From 1994 to 2018, root-meansquare error(RMSE) of observations relative to CRA background decreases from 1.8 to 1.0℃ for temperature above 300 h Pa, and from 4.5 to 3 m s^(-1) for zonal wind. The RMSE for humidity appears to exhibit an apparent seasonal variation with larger errors in summer and smaller ones in winter.

关键词： aircraft observation integration quality assurance blacklist China's global atmospheric reanalysis(CRA)product

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A 10-Yr Global Land Surface Reanalysis Interim Dataset(CRA-Interim/Land):Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第1期34卷 101-116页

作者： Xiao LIANG lipeng jiang Yang PAN Chunxiang SHI Zhiquan LIU Zijiang ZHOU National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO 80301USA

A land surface reanalysis dataset covering the most recent decades is able to provide temporally consistent initial conditions for weather and climate models,and thus is crucial to verifying/improving numerical weather/climate forecasts/*** this paper,we report the development of a 10-yr China Meteorological Administration(CMA)global Land surface ReAnalysis Interim dataset(CRA-Interim/Land;2007–2016,6-h intervals,approximately 34-km horizontal resolution).The dataset was produced and evaluated by using the Global Land Data Assimilation System(GLDAS)and NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSR)global land surface reanalysis datasets,as well as in situ observations in *** results show that the global spatial patterns and monthly variations of the CRA-Interim/Land,GLDAS,and CFSR climatology are highly consistent,while the soil moisture and temperature values of the CRA-Interim/Land dataset are in between those of the GLDAS and CFSR *** with ground observations in China,CRA-Interim/Land soil moisture is comparable to or better than that of GLDAS and CFSR datasets for the 0–10-cm soil layer and has higher correlations and slightly lower root mean square errors(RMSE)for the 10–40-cm soil ***,CRA-Interim/Land shows negative biases in 10–40-cm soil moisture in Northeast China and north of central *** ground temperature and the soil temperature in different layers,CRA-Interim/Land behaves better than the CFSR,especially in East and central ***-Interim/Land has added value over the land components of CRA-Interim due to the introduction of global precipitation observations and improved soil/vegetation ***,this dataset is potentially a critical supplement to the *** evaluation of the CRA-Interim/Land,assimilation of near-surface atmospheric forcing variables,and extension of the current dataset to 40 yr(1979–2018)are in progress.

关键词： global land surface reanalysis dataset CRA-Interim/Land ground temperature soil temperature soil moisture Global Land Data Assimilation System(GLDAS)

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Design and characterization of a novel Cu_(2.3)Al_(1.3)Ni_(1.7)SnCr_(0.3) multi-principal element alloy coating on magnesium alloy by laser cladding

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第21期152卷 220-236页

作者： lipeng jiang Xiufang Cui Guo Jin Zhimin Tian Xin Wen Haoliang Tian Erbao Liu Institute of Surface/Interface Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Corrosion and Protection for Aviation Material Beijing Beijing Institute of Aeronautical MaterialsBeijing 100095China Institute of Defense Engineering AMSPLABeijing 100850China

The evaporation and dilution of substrate seriously limit the performance of laser cladding coatings on magnesium *** order to overcome the above shortcomings,a multi-step ultrasonic assisted laser remelting technology was proposed to improve the performance of the *** this work,a novel Cu_(2.3)Al_(1.3)Ni_(1.7)SnCr_(0.3) multi-principal element alloy coating(MPEAC)was prepared on the surface of mag-nesium *** techniques such as transmission electron microscopy(TEM),electron back scatter diffraction(EBSD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were employed to characterize the microstructure and phase composition of the *** the phase structure and morphology at the interface between the coating and the substrate were also studied via focus ion beam(FIB)and TEM *** addition,the corrosion and wear resistance ability of the coatings were monitored by potentiodynamic polarization(PDP),and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),hardness and friction *** results show that Cu_(2.3)Al_(1.3)Ni_(1.7)SnCr_(0.3) MPEAC with ultrasonic assisted is composed of FCC phase and eutectic phases(Cu_(10)Sn_(3) and Cu_(2)Ni_(3)Sn_(3)).Due to the forced convection generated by ultrasonic waves,some Cu and Ni phases are precipitated around Cu_(2)Ni_(3)Sn_(3) phases,which is beneficial to enhance the corrosion *** of the grain refinement effect caused by ultrasonic,the wear resistance of the coating is also ***,ultrasonic vibration can effectively weaken and eliminate the texture density of the Cu_(2.3)Al_(1.3)Ni_(1.7)SnCr_(0.3) MPEAC fabricated by laser cladding.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Multi-principal element alloy coating Ultrasonic assisted laser cladding Corrosion resistance Wear resistance

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Assimilating FY-4A AGRI Radiances with a Channel-Sensitive Cloud Detection Scheme for the Analysis and Forecasting of Multiple Typhoons

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 937-958页

作者： Feifei SHEN Aiqing SHU Zhiquan LIU Hong LI lipeng jiang Tao ZHANG Dongmei XU Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030China China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory/Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research Institute of Heavy RainChina Meteorological AdministrationWuhan 430205China National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder 80307COUSA State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China National Meteorological Information Center Beijing 100081China Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Straits Severe Weather China Meteorological AdministrationFuzhou 350001China

This paper presents an attempt at assimilating clear-sky FY-4A Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager(AGRI)radiances from two water vapor channels for the prediction of three landfalling typhoon events over the West Pacific Ocean using the 3DVar data assimilation(DA)method along with the WRF model.A channel-sensitive cloud detection scheme based on the particle filter(PF)algorithm is developed and examined against a cloud detection scheme using the multivariate and minimum residual(MMR)algorithm and another traditional cloud mask–dependent cloud detection *** show that both channel-sensitive cloud detection schemes are effective,while the PF scheme is able to reserve more pixels than the MMR scheme for the same *** general,the added value of AGRI radiances is confirmed when comparing with the control experiment without AGRI ***,it is found that the analysis fields of the PF experiment are mostly improved in terms of better depicting the typhoon,including the temperature,moisture,and dynamical *** typhoon track forecast skill is improved with AGRI radiance DA,which could be explained by better simulating the upper *** impact of assimilating AGRI radiances on typhoon intensity forecasts is *** the other hand,improved rainfall forecasts from AGRI DA experiments are found along with reduced errors for both the thermodynamic and moisture fields,albeit the improvements are limited.

关键词： FY-4A AGRI radiance particle filter multiple typhoons data assimilation numerical weather prediction

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Applicability Assessment of the 1998–2018 CLDAS Multi-Source Precipitation Fusion Dataset over China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第4期34卷 879-892页

作者： Shuai SUN Chunxiang SHI Yang PAN Lei BAI Bin XU Tao ZHANG Shuai HAN lipeng jiang National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Traditional hourly rain gauges and automatic weather stations rarely measure solid precipitation, except for those stations with weighing-type precipitation sensors. Microwave remote sensing has only a low ability to retrieve solid precipitation. In addition, there are no long-term, high-quality precipitation data in China that can be used to drive land surface models. To address these issues, in the China Meteorological Administration(CMA) Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS), we blended the Climate Prediction Center(CPC) morphing technique(CMORPH) and Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2(MERRA2) precipitation datasets with observed temperature and precipitation data on various temporal scales using multigrid variational analysis and temporal downscaling to produce a multi-source precipitation fusion dataset for China(CLDAS-Prcp). This dataset covers all of China at a resolution of 6.25 km at hourly intervals from 1998 to 2018. We performed dependent and independent evaluations of the CLDAS-Prcp dataset from the perspectives of seasonal total precipitation and land surface model simulation. Our results show that the CLDAS-Prcp dataset represents reasonably the spatial distribution of precipitation in China. The dependent evaluation indicates that the CLDAS-Prcp performs better than the MERRA2 precipitation, CMORPH precipitation, Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2(GLDAS-V2.1) precipitation,and CLDAS-V2.0 winter precipitation, as compared to the meteorological observational precipitation. The independent evaluation indicates that the CLDAS-Prcp dataset performs better than the Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM) precipitation dataset and is similar to the CLDAS-V2.0 summer precipitation dataset based on the hydrological observational precipitation. The simulated soil moisture content driven by CLDAS-Prcp is slightly better than that driven by the CLDAS-V2.0 precipitation, whereas the snow depth simulation driven by C

关键词： China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS) precipitation data fusion Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2(MERRA2) Climate Prediction Center(CPC)morphing technique(CMORPH) Space–Time Multiscale Variational Analysis System(STMAS) Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options(Noah-MP)

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Development and Evaluation of Hourly and Kilometer Resolution Retrospective and Real-Time Surface Meteorological Blended Forcing Dataset(SMBFD) in China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第6期33卷 1168-1181页

作者： Shuai HAN Chunxiang SHI Bin XU Shuai SUN Tao ZHANG lipeng jiang Xiao LIANG National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

A real-time,long-term surface meteorological blended forcing dataset(SMBFD)has been developed based on station observations,satellite retrievals,and reanalysis products in *** observations are collected at national and regional automatic weather stations,satellite data are obtained from the Fengyun(FY)series satellites retrievals,and the reanalysis products are obtained from the *** 90-m resolution digital terrain elevation data in China are obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission(SRTM)for temperature and humidity elevation *** dataset includes 2-m air temperature and humidity,10-m zonal and meridional winds,downward shortwave radiation,surface pressure,and *** spatial resolution is 1 km,and the temporal resolution is 1 *** the data processing procedure,various data fusion techniques including the space–time multiscale variational analysis,the discrete ordinates radiative transfer(DISORT)model,the hybrid radiation estimation model,and a terrain correction algorithm are *** and independent evaluations of the dataset are performed against *** SMBFD dataset is also compared with similar datasets produced in other major meteorological operational centers in the *** results are as follows.(1)All variables show reasonable geographic distribution features and realistic spatial and temporal variations.(2)Dependent and independent evaluations both indicate that the gridded SMBFD dataset is close to the observations,while the dependent evaluation yields better results than the independent evaluation.(3)Compared with similar datasets produced in other meteorological operational centers,the real-time and retrospective surface meteorological fusion data obviously have higher *** dataset introduced in the present study is in general stable and accurate,and can be applied in various practice such as meteorology,agriculture,ecology,environmental protection,***,this dataset has

关键词： surface meteorological forcing gridded real-time data fusion hourly temporal resolution 1-km spatial resolution dataset

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