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EZH2 inhibitors promote β-like cell regeneration in young and adult type 1 diabetes donors

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 679-692页

作者： Keith Al-Hasani Safiya Naina Marikar Harikrishnan Kaipananickal Scott Maxwell Jun Okabe Ishant Khurana thomas Karagiannis Julia J.Liang Lina Mariana thomas Loudovaris thomas Kay Assam El-Osta Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute75 Commercial RoadMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia Department of Diabetes Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia School of Science STEM CollegeRMIT UniversityMelbourne 3001 VICAustralia Immunology and Diabetes Unit St Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy 3065 VICAustralia Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building30-32-Ngan Shing StreetSha TinHong Kong SAR Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Biomedical Laboratory Science Department of TechnologyFaculty of HealthUniversity College CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

β-cells are a type of endocrine cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize,store and release *** type 1 diabetes(T1D),T-cells of the immune system selectively destroy the insulin-producingβ-*** of these cells leads to a lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin administration for ***,there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies that stimulateβ-cell growth and induceβ-cell *** and others have shown that pancreatic ductal progenitor cells are a promising source for regeneratingβ-cells for T1D owing to their inherent differentiation *** transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine reaction and tightly controls the regenerative potential by the EZH2 *** the present study,we show that transient stimulation of exocrine cells,derived from juvenile and adult T1D donors to the FDAapproved EZH2 inhibitors GSK126 and Tazemetostat(Taz)influence a phenotypic shift towards aβ-like cell *** transition from repressed to permissive chromatin states are dependent on bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 chromatin *** EZH2 is fundamental toβ-cell regenerative *** pancreatic ductal cells exhibit insulin production and secretion in response to a physiological glucose challenge ex *** pre-clinical studies underscore the potential of small molecule inhibitors as novel modulators of ductal progenitor differentiation and a promising new approach for the restoration ofβ-like cell function.

关键词： EZH2 struction inhibitors

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B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2:infection,vaccination,and hybrid immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 144-158页

作者： Dennis Lapuente thomas H.Winkler Matthias Tenbusch Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054 ErlangenGermany Department of Biology Division of GeneticsNikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)ErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossplatz 191054 ErlangenGermany

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen.B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations,as neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)are an important correlate of protection(COP)from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine *** addition to absolute levels,nAb longevity,neutralization breadth,immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition,and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy *** recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell(MBC)and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection-and vaccine-induced *** also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms,such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines,in unprecedented cohort *** with the technological advances of recent years,this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected *** this review,we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection-and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity,which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies memory responses vaccines IgG4

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The impact of demographic dynamics on food consumption and its environmental outcomes:Evidence from China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 414-429页

作者： Shaoting Li Xuan Chen Yanjun Ren thomas Glauben College of Economics and Management Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies(IAMO) Halle(Saale)06120Germany Sino-German Center for Agricultural and Food Economics Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

With increasing population and changing demographics,food consumption has experienced a significant transition in quantity and ***,a dearth of knowledge remains regarding its environmental impacts and how it responds to demographic dynamics,particularly in emerging economies like *** the two-stage Quadratic Almost Demand System(QUAIDS)model,this study empirically examines the impact of demographic dynamics on food consumption and its environmental outcomes based on the provincial data from 2000 to 2020 in *** various scenarios,according to changes in demographics,we extend our analysis to project the long-term trend of food consumption and its environmental impacts,including greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,water footprint(WF),and land appropriation(LA).The results reveal that an increase in the proportion of senior people significantly decreases the consumption of grain and livestock meat and increases the consumption of poultry,egg,and aquatic products,particularly for urban ***,an increase in the proportion of males in the population leads to higher consumption of poultry and aquatic ***,in the current scenario of an increased aging population and sex ratio,it is anticipated that GHG emissions,WF,and LA are likely to decrease by 1.37,2.52,and 3.56%,*** importantly,in the scenario adhering to the standards of nutritional intake according to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents in 2022,GHG emissions,WF,and LA in urban areas would increase by 12.78,20.94,and 18.32%,*** findings suggest that changing demographics should be considered when designing policies to mitigate the diet-environment-health trilemma and achieve sustainable food consumption.

关键词： demographic dynamics food consumption environmental impacts nutrition intakes

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The impact of Internet access on household dietary quality:Evidence from rural China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 374-383页

作者： Yi Cui Qiran Zhao thomas Glauben Wei Si College of Economics and Management China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies(IAMO) Halle(Saale)06120Germany

Over the past few decades,the Internet has rapidly diffused across *** spread of the Internet has had a profound economic and social impact on Chinese rural *** research shows that Internet access significantly impacts agricultural production and improves smallholder farmers’*** these,the Internet can affect other dimensions of social ***,research about the impact of Internet access on dietary quality in rural China remains *** study utilizes multi-period panel data from Fixed Observation Point in rural China from 2009 to 2015 to estimate the impact of Internet access on dietary quality and food consumption of rural households and conducts a causal *** models with time and household fixed effects allow robust estimation while reducing potential issues of unobserved *** estimates show that Internet access has significantly increased rural household dietary quality(measured by the Chinese Diet Balance Index).Further research finds that Internet access has increased the consumption of animal products,such as aquatic and dairy *** also examine the underlying *** access improves dietary quality and food consumption mainly through increasing household income and food *** results encourage the promotion of Internet access as a valuable tool for nutritional improvements,especially in rural areas.

关键词： dietary quality fixed effect model Internet access rural China

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Effects of pressure relief holes on coal burst:Insights from true-triaxial unloading tests

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3378-3394页

作者： Fuqiang Ren Murat Karakus Giang Nguyen thomas Bruning School of Civil Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan114051China Mining and Petroleum Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics&Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyBeijing100083China School of Architecture and Civil Engineering The University of AdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia

Drilling pressure relief is one of the methods to reduce the risk of coal bursts in deep ***,the effect of the drill hole orientations has not been studied well enough to understand their impact on the burst failure *** this study,we investigated two designs of drill hole *** first design includes drill holes located on the upper free face of the rectangular samples and labelled as upper hole(UH)and centre hole(CH)e the long axes of the drill holes are aligned with minor principal stress,s3,*** second design includes drill holes at the top(TH)and the side(SH)of the rectangular samples in which the long axes of the drill holes are aligned with the maximum,s1,and intermediate principal stress,s2,directions,*** coal samples with the proposed drill hole orientations were subjected to the true-triaxial unloading coal burst *** results show that the drill holes reduce the risk of coal ***,we found that the intensity of coal burst was significantly reduced with the SH-type,followed by the *** also observed that the coal burst intensity is reduced better for the CH,UH,TH,and SH-type drilling ***,it was found that the orientations of drill holes have little influence on the failure mode(splitting).The acoustic emission(AE)activities for coal with drill holes noticeably decreased,especially for the UH and CH *** drill holes reduced the upper limit of the AE entropy(chaos of microcracks generation).However,regarding reducing the coal burst risk,the TH and SH are less effective than UH and CH.

关键词： Coal burst Triaxial unloading Drilling orientation Ejection characteristic Acoustic emission(AE)

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Learning to select the recombination operator for derivative-free optimization

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第6期67卷 1457-1480页

作者： Haotian Zhang Jianyong Sun thomas Back Zongben Xu School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science Leiden UniversityLeiden2333 CANetherlands

Extensive studies on selecting recombination operators adaptively,namely,adaptive operator selection(AOS),during the search process of an evolutionary algorithm(EA),have shown that AOS is promising for improving EA's performance.A variety of heuristic mechanisms for AOS have been proposed in recent decades,which usually contain two main components:the feature extraction and the policy *** feature extraction refers to as extracting relevant features from the information collected during the search *** policy setting means to set a strategy(or policy)on how to select an operator from a pool of operators based on the extracted *** components are designed by hand in existing studies,which may not be efficient for adapting optimization *** this paper,a generalized framework is proposed for learning the components of AOS for one of the main streams of EAs,namely,differential evolution(DE).In the framework,the feature extraction is parameterized as a deep neural network(DNN),while a Dirichlet distribution is considered to be the policy.A reinforcement learning method,named policy gradient,is used to train the *** case studies,the proposed framework is applied to two DEs including the classic DE and a recently-proposed DE,which result in two new algorithms named PG-DE and PG-MPEDE,*** on the Congress of Evolutionary Computation(CEC)2018 test suite show that the proposed new algorithms perform significantly better than their ***,we prove theoretically that the considered classic methods are the special cases of the proposed framework.

关键词： evolutionary algorithm differential evolution adaptive operator selection reinforcement learning deep learning

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Breaking the scattering limits of water waves

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 85-86页

作者： Adrià Canós Valero thomas Weiss Yuri Kivshar Institute of Physics University of Graz 4th Physics Institute University of Stuttgart Research School of Physics Australian National University

When water, light or sound waves impinge on objects smaller than the wavelength, a scattering process takes place[1]. The scattering of waves plays an essential role in a myriad of natural phenomena. In ocean engineering, enhancing the scattering of water waves allows capturing energy from larger areas, with clear implications for energy harvesting and coastal protection.

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推进教育、科技、人才一体化融合发展的探索与实践——以香港科技大学(广州)为例

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中国科学院院刊 2024年第9期39卷 1549-1556页

作者：倪明选香港科技大学(广州) 广东511453

当前,教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑。香港科技大学(广州)作为一所新型研究型大学,是“教育、科技、人才”的天然交汇点,在推动教育、科技、人才一体化融合发展过程中具有先天优势。正式设立以来,... 详细信息

当前,教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑。香港科技大学(广州)作为一所新型研究型大学,是“教育、科技、人才”的天然交汇点,在推动教育、科技、人才一体化融合发展过程中具有先天优势。正式设立以来,香港科技大学(广州)主动服务粤港澳大湾区建设和国家战略需求,坚持高等教育范式改革、科技创新和人才培养模式改革,以探索建设世界首所融合学科大学,发展尖端科技、培养创新人才,助力国家高水平科技自立自强、拔尖创新人才自主培养和世界重要人才中心建设。

关键词：教育科技人才融合发展

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Development of sustainable thermal insulation based on bio-polyester filled with date pits

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第1期9卷 74-89页

作者： Amal Mlhem thomas Teklebrhan Evenezer Bokuretsion Basim Abu-Jdayil Chemical&Petroleum Engineering Department United Arab Emirates UniversityPO Box 15551United Arab Emirates National Water and Energy Center United Arab Emirates UniversityPO Box 15551United Arab Emirates

Date palm pit(DPP)-filled poly(-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB)composites were prepared,evaluated,and characterized to determine their thermal insulation *** conductivity values ranged between 0.086 and 0.100 W/(m·K).At a maximum filler concentration(50%(w)),the specific heat capacity and thermal diffusivity were 1183 J/(kg·K)and 0.0689 mm^(2)/s,*** DPP increased the thermal stability,and the highest compressive strength obtained was 80 MPa at 30%filler *** PHB-DPP composites exhibited promising water absorption(less than 6%)and tensile strength(6-14 MPa).Date-pit-based PHB composites could be used in sustainable building engineering and cleaner production.

关键词： Green construction material Sustainable thermal insulator Date pit Polyhydroxybutyrate

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Piezoelectric resonant ice protection systems-Part 2/2:Evaluation of benefits at aircraft level

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第6期37卷 50-63页

作者： Valerian PALANQUE thomas PLANES Pommier-Budinger VALERIE Budinger MARC Delbecq SCOTT Institut Clement Ader(ICA) INSAISAE-SUPAEROMINES ALBIUPSCNRSUniversity of Toulouse31400 ToulouseFrance Federation ENAC ISAE-SUPAERO ONERA University of Toulouse31400 ToulouseFrance

Piezoelectric resonant de-icing systems are attracting great *** paper aims to assess the implementation of these systems at the aircraft *** article begins with the model to compute the power requirement of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system sized from the prototype detailed in Part 1/2 of this *** the mass,drag,and fuel consumption of this system and the subcomponents needed for its implementation are *** features of a piezoelectric resonant de-icing system are finally computed for aircraft similar to Airbus A320 aircraft and aircraft of different categories(Boeing 787,ATR 72 and TBM 900)and compared with the existing thermal and mechanical ice protection systems.A sensitivity analysis of the main key sizing parameters of the piezoelectric de-icing system is also performed to identify the main axes of improvement for this *** study shows the potential of such ice protection *** particular,for the realistic input parameters chosen in this work,the electro-mechanical solution can provide a 54% reduction in terms of mass and a 92% reduction in terms of power consumption for an A320 aircraft architecture,leading to a 74% decrease in the associated fuel consumption compared to the actual air bleed system.

关键词： Ice protection system De-icing Piezoelectric Electro-mechanical system Power Fuel consumption

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