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Spatial and temporal variabilities of rainstorms over China under climate change

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第4期31卷 479-496页

作者： HUANG Chang ZHANG Shiqiang DONG Linyao WANG Zucheng LI linyi cui Luming Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Northwest UniversityXi'an 710127China Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards Northwest UniversityXi'an 710127China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest UniversityXi'an 710127China Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute Wuhan 430010China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Institute for Peat&Mire ResearchNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130021China School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430070China

Rainstorms are one of the extreme rainfall events that cause serious disasters,such as urban flooding and mountain torrents.Traditional studies have used rain gauge observations to analyze rainstorm events,but relevant information is usually missing in gauge-sparse areas.Satellite-derived precipitation datasets serve as excellent supplements or substitutes for the gauge observations.By developing a grid-based rainstorm-identification tool,we used the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission(TRMM)Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis(TMPA)time series product to reveal the spatial and temporal variabilities of rainstorms over China during 1998–2017.Significant patterns of both increasing and decreasing rainstorm occurrences were detected,with no spatially uniform trend being observed across the whole country.There was an increase in the area being affected by rainstorms during the 20-year period,with rainstorm centers shifting along the southwest–northeast direction.Rainstorm occurrence was found to be correlated with local total precipitation.By comparing rainstorm occurrence with climate variables such as the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation,we also found that climate change was likely to be the primary reason for rainstorm occurrence in China.This study complements previous studies that used gauge observations by providing a better understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of China’s rainstorms.

关键词： climate change extreme precipitation meteorology rainfall satellite precipitation data

Comparison on Clinical Characteristics of Multifocal Choroiditis and Punctate Inner Choroidopathy

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Eye Science 2011年第3期26卷 161-165页

作者： Zhaomeng Shen linyi Zhang Zhiguo Li Xian Zhang Hongbo cui Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo Ningbo 315040 China

Purpose:To compare the differences in the clinical characteristics of multifocal choroiditis(MFC) and punctate inner choriodopathy(PIC).Methods:A cross-sectional study,consisting of 22 cases(37 eyes) with MFC and 11 cases(18 eyes) with PIC,was carried out.Multiple indexes were measured and analysed to compare the differences in clinical characteristics of the subjects between two groups,including BCVA,avergae age,sex composition,presence of intraocular inflammation,choroidal neovascularization(CNV),and intraocular inflammation complications,such as cataract,cystoid macular edema(CME) and epiretinal membrane(ERM).Results:The avergae age of the MFC and PIC patients were(48.1±13.9) years and(32.1±10.2) years with a significant difference(P=0.043).CNV occurred more frequently in patients with PIC(PIC,55.6%;MFC,21.6%;P=0.016) compared with those with MFC.MFC patients had a higher frequency of intraocular inflammation complications,such as,cataract(27.0%),CME(35.1%),ERM(5.4%).PIC patients presented none of these complications.MFC subjects presented with more visual impairments than PIC patients.Totally 51.4% of MFC patients had visual impairments and 22.2% of PIC patients had BCVA < 0.3(P=0.047).Conclusion:Both MFC and PIC are categorized into the umbrella term of "white spot syndromes".Although sharing similar ocular expressions,they present with different clinical characteristics.Patients with PIC had a higher frequency of CNV but a lower frequency of structural complications caused by intraocular inflammation and lower frequency of visual impairments compared with MFC counterparts.

关键词：临床特点脉络膜内蒙古特征和炎症反应视力障碍 MFC PIC

A novel de novo mutation of ACTG1 in two sporadic non-syndromic hearing loss cases

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第6期61卷 729-732页

作者： Hongyang Wang Jing Guan Lan Lan Lan Yu linyi Xie Xu Liu Ju Yang cui Zhao Dayong Wang Qiuju Wang Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology Chinese PLA General Hospital Medical School of Chinese PLA Beijing 100853 China Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis Beijing 100089 China

Dear Editor,Actins are a family of essential cytoskeletal proteins involved in nearly all cellular processes(Lambrechts et al.,2004).Of the six human genes that encode actins,only ACTG1and ACTB are ubiquitously expres... 详细信息

关键词：分散盒子损失听觉细胞骨架蛋白质基因肌

金融市场环境下货币政策工具调控效力的影响探究

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金融发展评论 2018年第10期 6-12页

作者：崔琳熠中国银行投资银行与资产管理部

新金融市场环境下,非银行金融机构业务激增,民间借贷规模扩张,在促进我国金融不断发展、金融创新产品推陈出新的同时,也对金融监管带来挑战。在新金融市场环境下,常规货币工具的实效性值得关注,央行提出的创新性货币工具的可操作性也被... 详细信息

新金融市场环境下,非银行金融机构业务激增,民间借贷规模扩张,在促进我国金融不断发展、金融创新产品推陈出新的同时,也对金融监管带来挑战。在新金融市场环境下,常规货币工具的实效性值得关注,央行提出的创新性货币工具的可操作性也被广泛讨论。信贷规模膨胀、金融衍生品使用乱象等是否及如何影响中央银行的货币工具的调控力,创新性货币工具对实现宏观政策指引又是否有可实施性值得研究。

关键词：货币政策传导渠道货币政策创新性货币工具影子银行

A Novel Homozygous Missense Mutation and A Compound Heterozygous Frameshift Mutations of PDZD7 Gene Identified in Two Chinese Families with Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss.

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A Novel Homozygous Missense Mutation and A Compound Heterozy...

Curvature geometry in 2D materials

中华医学会第十五次全国医学遗传学学术会议暨中国医师协会...

作者： Guan Jing Wang Dayong Wang Hongyang Xie linyi Yang Ju Zhao cui Lan Lan Yin Zifang Wang Qiuju Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology Chinese PL A General Hospital

Objective To investigate the genetic etiology of two non-consanguineous Chinese families with a utosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss(ARNSHL). Method Two Chinese ARNSHL families with two affected siblings were recruited in this study. Th e families were analyzed for exons, splicing sites and immediate flanking intron sequences by tar geted region capture and high throughput sequencing. Furthermore, 1751 normal Chinese individ uals served as controls and 122 Chinese families segregating apparent ARNSHL, who have been previously excluded common deafness genes, were ascertained for screening candidate mutation s. Result We identified a novel homozygous missense mutation(p.Arg66 Leu) and novel compound heterozygous frameshift mutations(p.Arg56 fs Ter24 and p.His403 fs Ter36) in the both families. W e screened 1751 normal Chinese individuals and 122 unrelated Chinese families segregating app arent ARNSHL failed to detect the three confirmatory mutations. Conclusion We report novel biallelic mutations in PDZD, which is the first study to identify PDZD7 as the ARNSHL-associated gene in Chinese population. Our finding could expand the pathoge nic spectrum and strengthens the role of PDZD7 biallelic mutations cause ARNSHL.

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 232-242页

作者： Nan Wei Yiran Ding Jiaqian Zhang linyi Li Mengqi Zeng Lei Fu College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University

The two-dimensional(2D) material family can be regarded as the extreme externalization form of the matter in the planar 2D space. These atomically thin materials have abundant curvature structures, which will significantly affect their atomic configurations and physicochemical properties. Curvature engineering offers a new tuning freedom beyond the thoroughly studied layer number, grain boundaries, stacking order,etc. The precise control of the curvature geometry in 2D materials can redefine this material family. Special attention will be given to this emerging field and highlight possible future directions. With the step-by-step achievement in understanding the curvature engineering effect in 2D materials and establishing reliable delicate curvature controlling strategies, a brand-new era of 2D materials research could be developed.

关键词： 2D materials curvature geometry deformation strain

SOX10基因新突变的鉴定及其临床表型特征分析

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中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志 2020年第11期55卷 1050-1056页

作者：张秋静兰兰谢林怡赵翠关静王秋菊解放军总医院解放军医学院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科解放军耳鼻咽喉研究所国家耳鼻咽喉疾病临床医学研究中心聋病教育部重点实验室聋病防治北京市重点实验室 100853

目的通过对1例先天性感音神经性聋合并白化病、虹膜异色、眼球震颤及髓鞘发育异常的综合征患儿进行临床特征分析及基因学检测,分析探讨该综合征的临床特征及病因学特征。方法2018年1月,对该患儿进行详细的病史采集,系统的听力学检查、... 详细信息

目的通过对1例先天性感音神经性聋合并白化病、虹膜异色、眼球震颤及髓鞘发育异常的综合征患儿进行临床特征分析及基因学检测,分析探讨该综合征的临床特征及病因学特征。方法2018年1月,对该患儿进行详细的病史采集,系统的听力学检查、眼科学检查及神经系统检查,分析其临床特征,并进一步开展包括染色体核型分析、常见耳聋基因检测和已知127个耳聋基因检测在内的基因学检测。结果本研究检测到SOX10基因的一个新的突变位点,c.336G>T/p.Met112Ile,经过致病性分析考虑为致病突变,患儿父母基因检测均未发现该突变,考虑该突变可能为患儿的新发突变。其临床特征分析结果考虑为PCW综合征。结论本研究发现SOX10基因的一种新的突变位点,丰富了该基因突变图谱,并进一步进行临床特征分析,丰富了该基因突变患者的临床表型特征,为该类患者的临床诊断及基因诊断提供参考。

关键词： SOX10 聋,感音神经性白化病眼球震颤 PCWH

Space-confined growth of metal halide perovskite crystal films

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Nano Research 2021年第6期14卷 1609-1624页

作者： linyi Li Jinxin Liu Mengqi Zeng Lei Fu Country College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072China

Metal halide perovskites,as a new generation of optoelectronic materials,have attracted a great deal of interest due to their remarkable intrinsic properties.Due to the excellent optoelectronic properties,the perovskite crystals are widely used in lasers,photodetectors,X-ray detectors and solar cells.Considering the device performance and fabrication requirements,proper thickness of the crystal is required to avoid carrier loss and simultaneously ensure sufficient light absorption,which can realize the full potential of its excellent carrier transport property.Thus,the fabrication of perovskite crystal in a thin film with an adjustable thickness is highly desirable.The space-confined method has been demonstrated to be an effective way of preparing perovskite with controlled thickness.In this method,the thickness of perovskite can be regulated flexibly in a geometric confined space.Moreover,the size,quality and architecture of perovskite crystal films are also major concerns for practical photoelectric devices,which can also be optimized by the space-confined method owing to its good adaptability towards various modified strategies.In a word,the space-confined method is not only a simple and conventional way to adjust the thickness of perovskite crystal films,but also provides a platform to optimize their size,quality and architecture through applying appropriate strategies to the confined space.Herein,we review the space-confined growth of perovskite crystal films.Particularly,various modified strategies based on the space-confined method applied to the optimization of thickness,size,quality and architecture are highlighted.Then the stability investigating and component regulating of perovskite crystal films would be also mentioned.Furthermore,the correlation between the perovskite thickness and the device performance is discussed.Finally,several key challenges and proposed solutions of perovskite thin films based on the space-confined method are discussed.

关键词： space confinement metal halide perovskite thickness adjustment controllable preparation

Improved Attentional Seq2seq with Policy Gradient for Text Summarization

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Improved Attentional Seq2seq with Policy Gradient for Text S...

作者： linyi Liang 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

随着数字信息的爆炸式增长,文本摘要生成技术已经渗透到我们生活的每一个角落,当我们打开头条或者腾讯新闻app的时候,经常会看到这样的标题:“BAT领先,市值8000亿……”,“今年,中国将完成8项重大任务”,“下飞机!飞机要爆炸了!飞机已... 详细信息

随着数字信息的爆炸式增长,文本摘要生成技术已经渗透到我们生活的每一个角落,当我们打开头条或者腾讯新闻app的时候,经常会看到这样的标题:“BAT领先,市值8000亿……”,“今年,中国将完成8项重大任务”,“下飞机!飞机要爆炸了!飞机已紧急迫降俄罗斯”等。当我们看一眼这些标题,我们就可以很容易的了解到新闻的内容,不需要打开新闻然后逐行逐字阅读。此外,自动文本摘要的应用场景很多,如新闻标题生成,科学文档摘要生成,搜索结果段生成,产品评论摘要等。在互联网信息爆炸的时代,如果能用简短的文字来+表达信息的主要内容,这无疑将有助于缓解信息过载的问题。文本摘要生成的主流技术包括压缩式,抽取式和生成式三种方法。其中压缩式摘要是通过抽取并简化原文中的重要句子构成摘要;抽取式摘要是通过直接从原文中抽取已有的句子组成摘要;生成式摘要则是通过改写或重新组织原文内容形成最终的摘要。可见压缩式和抽取式比较相近,而生成式摘要更符合人类的逻辑思维。传统的文本摘要生成方法主要集中于抽取式文本摘要-生成,如TextRank和PageRank。这些方法可以利用BM25,TF-IDF算法计算词频或语义相似度来生成摘要。所有这些提取式方法都相对简单,系统只需要使用某模型来选择信息量较大的句子,然后将它们按自然顺序组合起来便可生成摘要。然而抽取式摘要生成方法存在很多问题,因为其不能生成与原文不同的新词,因此很难保证摘要与原文的一致性,不能很好的概括原文。随着深度学习技术的发展,生成式摘要的质量和流畅度都有很大的提升。生成式文本摘要中的一些技术我们也很熟悉,如单词嵌入(word embedding),单词到向量(word2vec),独热编码(one hot encoding),序列到序列seq2seq(sequence to sequence)。但目前这些方法受到原文本长度过长,生成摘要内容不符合原文意思等限制。针对我的研究中发现的问题,我提出了带有策略梯度和注意力机制的改进版序列到序列模型,解决了用于文本摘要生成的编码解码结构的不足,我做出了如下的改进:一:在解码器中使用软注意力机制传统的sequence to sequence模型是一种端到端模型,在机器翻译和自动问答系统中已经取得了良好的性能。但在输出目标词和输入源词之间存在着不对齐问题。在文本摘要生成的研究中,我尝试着在解码器中使用软注意机制来解决这一问题。利用卷积核函数conv2d实现乘法运算,attnize为注意力的长度,即编码器输出的向量数。Attentionecize是注意力向量的长度。注意力机制可以通过在隐藏层上放置注意力的分数分布来实现。二:加入强化学习方法:在带注意力的Seq2seq模型中添加策略梯度方法强化学习可分为基于值的RL(强化学习)、基于策略的RL(强化学习)、基于模型的RL(强化学习):基于值的RL:估计最优值函数Q(s,a)在任何策略下可以找到最大值。基于策略的RL:直接搜索最优政策π,这是实现未来最大的奖励政策。基于模型的RL:它允许代理通过思考未来进行计划,看看会发生什么样的一系列可能选项,并明确地决定他们的选择。在我的实验中,我使用了基于策略的RL,大致思想是加入策略梯度,对评价指标(ROUGE-1,ROUGE-2,ROUGE-L)进行有针对性的优化。具体来说,我在训练时使用策略梯度法更新网络中的权值,我把这个训练部分做为动作,把ROUGE的分数作为这个动作的批判。也就是说,当我更新网络中的权值时,会得到更好的ROUGE值来生成摘要,所以我应该奖励这个权重改变的倾向。否则,我需要惩罚改变权重的倾向。三:提高训练速度以及求解最优化问题的一些Tricks(a)使用词嵌入方法(WordEmbedding)来减少训练所需的数据量文本摘要生成处理的第一步是通过某些模型将文本语料转化成数学表示,常用的两种方法:独热词表示(one hot represent)和词嵌入(WordEmbedding)。One hot represent是通过一个one-hot矩阵表示一个单词,one-hot矩阵是指每一行有且只有一个元素为1,其他元素都是0的矩阵。针对字典中的每个单词,分配一个编号,对某句话进行编码时,将里面的每个单词转换成字典里面这个单词编号对应的位置为1的one-hot矩阵就可以了。One-hot表示方式很直观,但是有两个缺点,第一,矩阵的每一维长度都是字典的长度,比如字典包含10000个单词,那么每个单词对应的one-hot向量就是1X10000的向量。由于这个向量只有一个位置为1,其余都是0,这将导致浪费空间,不利于计算。第二,one-hot矩阵相当于简单的给每个单词编了个号,但是单词和单词之间的关系则完全没体现出来,比如“cat”和“mouse”的关联性要高于“cat”和“cellphone”,这种关系在one-hot表示方法中就没有体现出来。我使用WordEmbedding来解决

关键词：序列到序列注意力机制策略梯度