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Evaluation and Projection of Extreme High Temperature Indices in Southwestern China Using NEX-GDDP-CMIP6

Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 88-107页

作者： Fen ZHANG linxiao wei Yonghua LI Hongyu TANG Tianyu ZHANG Baogang YANG China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resource to Economy Chongqing Climate CentreChongqing 401147

Based on the recently released NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections(NEX-GDDP)Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) dataset and the gridded observational daily dataset CN05.1, this study evaluates the performance of 26 CMIP6 models in simulating extreme high temperature(EHT) indices in southwestern China and estimates future changes in the EHT indices under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs) SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 using 11 optimal CMIP6 models. Five EHT indices are employed:annual maximum value of daily maximum temperature(TXX), high temperature days(T35), warm days(TX90P),heat wave frequency(HWF), and heat wave days(HWD). The main results are as follows.(1) NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 is highly capable of simulating the spatial patterns of TXX and T35 in southwestern China but it presents a weaker ability to simulate the spatial patterns of TX90P, HWF, and HWD.(2) The simulated time series of T35, TX90P, HWF,and HWD in southwestern China exhibit consistent upward trends with the observations. The linear trends of increase in TX90P and HWD are much greater than those of increase in TXX, T35, and HWF.(3) The estimated increases in TXX and T35 in southwestern China are significantly greater in Chongqing and the adjacent areas of Sichuan than in the other regions. Spatial distributions of the increases in TX90P, HWF, and HWD generally show higher values in the west and lower values in the east.(4) In the three different scenarios, the projected future TXX,T35, TX90P, and HWD in southwestern China all display a continuous increase with time and radiative forcing levels, whereas HWF initially increases but then decreases under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. By the end of the 21st century, under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, TXX and T35 are projected to increase by 6.0℃ and 45.0 days, respectively. The duration of individual heat waves is also expected to increase.

关键词： NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 extreme high temperature(EHT) southwestern China evaluation projection

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Performance of BCC-CSM Models with Different Horizontal Resolutions in Simulating Extreme Climate Events in China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第4期33卷 720-733页

作者： linxiao wei Xiaoge XIN Chan XIAO Yonghua LI Yao WU Hongyu TANG Chongqing Climate Center Chongqing Meteorological AdministrationChongqing 401147 National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

In this study,the performance of the Beijing Climate Center(BCC)Climate System Model version 1.1(BCCCSM1.1)(280-km resolution)and the BCC-CSM1.1 m(110-km resolution)in simulating extreme climate events over China in the last 40 years is compared.Both models capture the main spatial distribution features of heavy precipitation(R95T),the number of consecutive wet days(CWD),the annual count of days with precipitation≥1 mm(R1),the maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation(Rx5),and the numbers of frost days(FD)and summer days(SU).The BCC-CSM1.1 m has a better ability to simulate the detailed distribution of extreme climate events than the BCCCSM1.1,including R95T,CWD,R1,and the simple precipitation intensity index(SDII).However,the BCCCSM 1.1 m does not show an improvement in simulating the number of days with extreme precipitation(R90N),the number of consecutive dry days(CDD),the heat wave duration index(HWDI),the warm day frequency(TX90 P),and cold night frequency(TN10P).This indicates that the simulation of the R95T,CWD,R1,and SDII climate events is more sensitive to the resolution of the model.The improved BCC-CSM1.1 m is used to explore the projection of extreme climate change in China during the 21 st century under the RCP4.5(Representative Concentration Pathways)and RCP8.5 scenarios.The results show that extreme precipitation will increase dramatically over North and Southwest China in the late 21 st century.The CWD index will decrease on the Tibetan Plateau and in northeastern and central China and will increase in other parts of China;R1 will increase in northern China and decrease in southern China;Rx5 will increase dramatically in southern China;FD will decrease and SU will increase over China in the late 21 st century under both emission scenarios,with larger amplitudes in RCP8.5.

关键词： extreme climate events BCC-CSM evaluation projections

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负温度系数区域内RP-3喷气燃料表征燃料化学反应动力学分析

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石油学报（石油加工） 2024年第3期40卷 718-726页

作者：魏胜利吴李荣于志清孙林肖张志成江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院江苏镇江212013 哈尔滨工程大学动力与能源工程学院黑龙江哈尔滨150001

为探究喷气燃料(RP-3)在不同条件下负温度系数(NTC)区域内的反应路径、敏感反应以及小分子基元团的影响规律,以CRECK小分子详细机理为核心,基于解耦法耦合正十二烷、正丁基环己烷、正丁基苯简化机理,构建得到RP-3多组分表征燃料化学反... 详细信息

为探究喷气燃料(RP-3)在不同条件下负温度系数(NTC)区域内的反应路径、敏感反应以及小分子基元团的影响规律,以CRECK小分子详细机理为核心,基于解耦法耦合正十二烷、正丁基环己烷、正丁基苯简化机理,构建得到RP-3多组分表征燃料化学反应动力学详细机理;并在不同压力、燃料/空气质量比工况下对其NTC区域内的燃烧过程进行了敏感性分析、组分含量变化分析以及组分间交互作用路径分析。结果表明:NTC区域内反应H_(2)O_(2)(+M)=2OH(+M)(M为反应中第三体)是最重要的着火促进反应;不同反应条件下O_(2)、CH_(4)、C_(2)H_(4)的陡降时刻与CO_(2)的激增时刻均与燃料的着火延迟期表现出极高的吻合度;压力与燃料/空气质量比的改变仅会影响反应路径的占比。

关键词：喷气燃料多组分表征燃料负温度系数区域化学反应动力学敏感性分析

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新气候态下西南地区夏季气候变化特点及其成因

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气候与环境研究 2024年第1期29卷 45-58页

作者：唐红玉吴遥董新宁魏麟骁重庆市气候中心重庆401147

利用1981~2020年中国西南地区云南、贵州、四川、重庆393站气象观测台站夏季气温、降水和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了西南地区夏季气温、降水的气候值在新旧气候态下的不同特征和变化差异,并从大气环流影响角度,对变化成因进行了分析。... 详细信息

利用1981~2020年中国西南地区云南、贵州、四川、重庆393站气象观测台站夏季气温、降水和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了西南地区夏季气温、降水的气候值在新旧气候态下的不同特征和变化差异,并从大气环流影响角度,对变化成因进行了分析。结果表明:相对于旧气候态,新气候态下西南地区夏季降水总体呈略减少的变化,气温具有一致性变暖的变化特征。相对于旧气候态,新气候态下四川盆地东部降水的减少和云南北部、四川西部及贵州夏季降水的增多与西太平洋副热带高压的相对偏西偏北有关。同时中高纬阻高等系统的相对不活跃、贝加尔湖槽的减弱,对西南大部地区的暖干变化起到了积极作用。新气候态下,西南地区夏季贵州呈弱暖湿变化、而云南为较强的暖干变化、四川和重庆则呈强的暖干变化,这与西太平洋和印度洋地区水汽的变化密切相关。

关键词：新气候态西南地区夏季成因

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Recyclable Cu Salt-Derived Brønsted Acids for Hydrolytic Hydrogenation of Cellulose on Ru Catalyst

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CCS Chemistry 2022年第9期4卷 3162-3169页

作者： Yue Liu linxiao Chen wei Zhang Haichao Liu Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871

Brønsted acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose,the most abundant source of biomass in nature,is the critical step for its depolymerization and subsequent conversion to sugar alcohols and other important chemicals.Min... 详细信息

关键词： cellulose recyclable Brønsted acids hydrolysis sugar alcohols sorbitol insoluble copper salt

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EAF—LF—VD—CC流程生产GCr15轴承钢的洁净度及夹杂物演变

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材料与冶金学报 2024年第2期23卷 145-153页

作者：汪润哲龚伟王鹏飞姜周华张万发杜琳霄赵恒波金宇东北大学冶金学院沈阳110819 本钢板材股份有限公司辽宁本溪117001

为探究GCr15轴承钢在冶炼过程中夹杂物的演变规律,基于国内某钢厂EAF—LF—VD—CC工艺过程进行全流程取样分析,系统研究了全流程杂质元素含量的变化以及夹杂物的演变分析结果表明,轧制后的轧材钢样杂质元素Ca和Ti的质量分数较高,分别达... 详细信息

为探究GCr15轴承钢在冶炼过程中夹杂物的演变规律,基于国内某钢厂EAF—LF—VD—CC工艺过程进行全流程取样分析,系统研究了全流程杂质元素含量的变化以及夹杂物的演变分析结果表明,轧制后的轧材钢样杂质元素Ca和Ti的质量分数较高,分别达到00016%和00017%,全氧(TO)质量分数为00007%轧材中夹杂物类型主要为镁铝尖晶石、钙铝酸盐类和硅酸盐类复合夹杂物较大尺寸的夹杂物出现在LF和VD精炼工位,且夹杂物最大尺寸超过了30μmVD破真空后出现了大量CaO-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)类复合夹杂物,成分分布均匀,个别尺寸甚至超过45μm连铸坯和轧材中MnS和TiN夹杂物占比较高。

关键词： GCr15 轴承钢洁净度全氧非金属夹杂物

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移植物受者体重比率对劈离式肝移植儿童受者早期预后的影响

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中华器官移植杂志 2024年第5期45卷 315-322页

作者：李林潇董冲孙超王凯杨洋王振魏新哲崔甘霖李维涵高伟天津医科大学一中心临床学院天津300192 天津市第一中心医院器官移植中心儿童器官移植科天津300192

目的探讨移植物受者体重比率(graft recipient weight ratio,GRWR)对不同年龄儿童劈离式肝移植受者术后早期(术后1年内)预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年4月至2022年12月在天津市第一中心医院儿童器官移植科行首次劈离式肝移植术的年龄... 详细信息

目的探讨移植物受者体重比率(graft recipient weight ratio,GRWR)对不同年龄儿童劈离式肝移植受者术后早期(术后1年内)预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年4月至2022年12月在天津市第一中心医院儿童器官移植科行首次劈离式肝移植术的年龄在12岁以内188例儿童受者的临床资料。根据手术时年龄将所有受者分为L组(年龄≤18个月,123例)和H组(18个月3.1%,87例),将H组受者分为H-L(GRWR≤3.1%,55例)组和H-H组(GRWR>3.1%,10例)。受者和移植物的术后1年存活率分别为92.6%(174/188)和91.0(171/188)。L组受者和移植物的1年存活率分别为94.3%(116/123)和92.7(114/123)。L-L组术后1年存活率为88.9%(32/36),较L-H组的96.6%(84/87)低,差异无统计学意义(P=0.077);L-L组移植物1年存活率为83.3%(30/36),较L-H组的96.6%(84/87)低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。L-L组和L-H组受者术中冷缺血时间分别为479.0(194.0,593.0)min和204.0(122.0,495.0)min,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。L-L组和L-H组受者术后肝动脉血栓发生率分别为13.9%(5/36)和2.3%(2/87),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.036)。H组受者1年存活率为89.2%(58/65),移植物1年存活率为87.7%(57/65)。H-L组和H-H组受者术中情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。生存分析结果显示,H-L组受者术后1年存活率为92.7%(51/55),较H-H组70%(7/10)高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.019);H-H组移植物1年存活率为90.9%(50/55),较H-L组的70.0%(7/10)高,差异有统计学意义(P=0.036);H-H和H-L组受者间并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论在儿童劈离式肝移植中,不同年龄受者对GRWR需求不同,GRWR≤3.1%会导致年龄在18个月以内受者的早期预后不良,GRWR>3.1%会导致年龄在18个月至12岁之间受者的早期预后不良。

关键词：儿童劈离式肝移植移植物受者体重比率年龄

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A Convenient and Easy-controlled Method for Preparation of 7,10- Bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl)-10-deacetyl Baccatin Ⅲ

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第6期20卷 813-816页

作者： QIXin XULi linxiao-ju JIYong WANGTian-wei SchoolofChemicalEngineering DalianUniversityofTechnologyDalian116012P.R.China InformationCollegeofScienceandTechnology NanfingForestryUniversityNanjing210037P.R.China StateKeyLaboratoryofCoordinationChemistry CoordinationChemistryInstituteNanjingUniversityNanjing210093P.R.China

Introduction The complex natural product paclitaxel(Tax-olR, 1a), first isolated from Taxus brevifolia[1], has an excellent clinical activity against ovarian and breast cancers[2] and shows promising results in the treatment of other cancers[3]. The structure-activity relationships(SAR) of taxoid derivatives have been extensively studied to search for the analogues bearing better physical, chemical and biological properties. One example is the discovery of TaxotereR(1b). The structures of Taxol and Taxotere are shown in Scheme 1.……

关键词： 2,2,2-Trichloroethylchloroformate 10-Deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ Coupling reaction

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Genesis of Geothermal Fluid in Typical Geothermal Fields in Western Sichuan,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第3期95卷 873-882页

作者： ZHAO Jiayi WANG Guiling ZHANG Cuiyun XING linxiao LI Man ZHANG wei The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China Technology Innovation Center of Geothermal&Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development Ministry of Natural ResourcesShijiazhuang 050061China

The hydrogeochemical characteristics of geothermal fluids can reveal the genesis of geothermal systems and act as important references for developing and using geothermal resources.This study presents hydrogeochemical processes and thermal cycle mechanisms of typical geothermal fields in Western Sichuan.Based on the geological conditions in Western Sichuan,29 hot springs in three geothermal fields in the Batang and Litang areas were selected for hydrochemical and isotopic(δD andδ18O)analyses.Furthermore,the temperature of the thermal reservoir was calculated and the upflow cooling process of the hot springs was analyzed.Most of the subterranean hot waters in Batang and Litang are of the HCO3-Na hydrochemical type.The ion variation in Batang is primarily affected by water-rock interactions.There is a strong positive correlation between Na+,B?,and Cl?in Litang,suggesting that they have the same material source.The Na+and metaboric acid content is relatively high,which indicates that the groundwater runoff in both areas is relatively long-lasting,with reduced flow velocity;moreover,the metasilicic acid content is relatively high,which supports this conclusion.Both hydrogen and oxygen isotopes plot near the atmospheric precipitation line,indicating that groundwater recharge is functionally obtained from precipitation.The calculated thermal storage temperatures in Batang and Litang were 88–199℃ and 96–154℃,respectively.The proportion of cold water mixing in Batang was 64%–67%,while that in Litang was 60%–68%.According to the calculated results,the initial thermal cycle depth of the Batang area(4540–4780 m)was greater than that of the Litang area(3150–3960 m).The enthalpy of the deep parental geothermal fluid in Batang was 1550 J/g with a Cl^(-)concentration of 37 mg/L,while that in Litang was 2100 J/g with a Cl^(-)concentration of 48 mg/L.

关键词： hydrochemistry type Si-enthalpy model enthalpy-Cl model geothermal reservoir temperature

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Effects of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filters on regulated emissions and number-size distribution of particles emitted from a diesel engine

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第5期23卷 798-807页

作者： Zhihua Liu Asad Naeem Shah Yunshan Ge Yan Ding, Jianwei Tan Lei Jiang linxiao Yu wei Zhao Chu Wang Tao Zeng School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China. E-mail: liuzhihual61 @*** Bourns College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California Riverside CA 92507 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

The effects of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter （CRDPF） systems on regulated gaseous emissions, and number-size distribution and mass of particles emanated from a diesel engine have been investigated in this study. Two CRDPF units （CRDPF-1 and CRDPF-2） with different specifications were separately retrofitted to the engine running with European steady-state cycle （ESC）. An electrical low pressure impactor （ELPI） was used for particle number-size distribution measurement and mass estimation. The conversion/reduction rate （RcR） of hydrocarbons （HC） and carbon monoxide （CO） across CRDPF-1 was 83% and 96.3%, respectively. Similarly, the RCR of HC and CO and across CRDPF-2 was 91.8% and 99.1%, respectively. The number concentration of particles and their concentration peaks; nuclei mode, accumulation mode and total particles; and particle mass were highly reduced with the CRDPF units. The nuclei mode particles at downstream of CRDPF-1 and CRDPF-2 decreased by 99.9% to 100% and 97.8% to 99.8% respectively; and the particle mass reduced by 73% to 92.2% and 35.3% to 72.4%, respectively, depending on the engine conditions. In addition, nuclei mode particles increased with the increasing of engine speed due to the heterogeneous nucleation initiated by the higher exhaust temperature, while accumulation mode particles were higher at higher loads due to the decrease in the air-to-fuel ratio （A/F） at higher loads.

关键词： diesel engine regulated emissions particulate matter number-size distribution continuously regenerating dieselparticulate filter

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