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Toward Sustainable Revegetation in the Loess Plateau Using Coupled Water and Carbon Management

Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 143-153页

作者： Fubo Zhao Yiping Wu Xiaowei Yin Georgii Alexandrov Linjing Qiu Department of Earth and Environmental Science School of Human Settlements and Civil EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia

The"Grain-for-Green"project on the Loess Plateau is the largest revegetation program in the world.However,revegetation-induced land use changes can influence both water and carbon cycles,and the diverse consequences were not well understood.Therefore,the reasonability and sustainability of revegetation measures are in question.This study quantifies the impacts of revegetation-induced land use conversions on the water and carbon cycles in a typical watershed on the Loess Plateau and identifies suitable areas where revegetation of forest or grassland could benefit both soil and water conservation and carbon sequestration.We used a coupled hydro-biogeochemical model to simulate the changes of a few key components in terms of water and carbon by designing a variety of hypothetical land use conversion scenarios derived from revegetation policy.Compared to the baseline condition(land use in 2000),both sediment yield and water yield decreased substantially when replacing steep cropland with forest or grassland.Converting cropland with slopes larger than 25°,15°,and 6°to forest(CTF)would enhance the carbon sequestration with a negligible negative effect on soil water content,while replacing cropland with grassland(CTG)would result in a decline in net primary production but with a substantial increase in soil water content(3.8%-14.9%).Compared to the baseline,the soil organic carbon would increase by 0.9%-3.2% in CTF and keep relatively stable in CTG.Through testing a variety of hypothetical revegetation scenarios,we identified potential priority areas for CTF and CTG,where revegetation may be appropriate and potentially beneficial to conserving soil and water and enhancing carbon sequestration.Our study highlights the challenges in future water and carbon coupling management under revegetation policy,and our quantitative results and identification of potential areas for revegetation could provide information to policy makers for seeking optimal management on the Loess Plateau.

关键词： Carbon Land use change Loess Plateau Sediment SWAT-Day Cent Water resources

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Can the Grain-for-Green Program Really Ensure a Low Sediment Load on the Chinese Loess Plateau?

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Engineering 2019年第5期5卷 855-864页

作者： Pengcheng Sun Yiping Wu Zhifeng Yang Bellie Sivakumar Linjing Qiu Shuguang Liu Yanpeng Cai Department of Earth and Environmental Science School of Human Settlements and Civil EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai 400076India National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China

The Chinese Loess Plateau is the most seriously eroded area in the world and contributes the vast majority of the sediment that goes into the Yellow River.Since the 1950s,progressive soil and water conservation measures have been implemented—in particular,large-scale ecological restoration has been ongoing since 1999—resulting in a significant reduction of the sediment load.However,the mechanism of the sediment transport dynamics is not fully understood due to multiple and complicated influencing factors including climate change and human activities(e.g.,ecological restoration).A challenging question,then,arises:Is the current low sediment level a“new normal”in this era and in the future?To address this question,we selected a typical loess hilly region where considerable ecological restoration has been implemented,and which is regarded as the site of the first and most representative Grainfor-Green program in the Loess Plateau.We investigated the evolution of discharge–sediment relationships in the past decades(1960–2010)and their association with the soil and water conservation measures in this area.The results showed that there was a distinct change in the regression parameters of the commonly used annual discharge–sediment regression equation—a continuously increasing trend of parameter b and a decreasing trend of parameter a,accompanying the ecological restoration.The increase in exponent b(i.e.,a steeper slope)implies a potential lower sediment load resulting from low discharge and a potential higher sediment load resulting from large discharge.This finding may question the new normal of a low sediment level and implies the potential risk of a large sediment load during extremely wet years.

关键词： Discharge–sediment relationship Ecological restoration Loess hilly region Sediment load Sediment rating parameters

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Equilibrium Strategy of the Pursuit-Evasion Game in Three-Dimensional Space

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第2期11卷 446-458页

作者： Nuo Chen linjing Li Wenji Mao School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049 Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The pursuit-evasion game models the strategic interaction among players, attracting attention in many realistic scenarios, such as missile guidance, unmanned aerial vehicles, and target defense. Existing studies mainly concentrate on the cooperative pursuit of multiple players in two-dimensional pursuit-evasion games. However, these approaches can hardly be applied to practical situations where players usually move in three-dimensional space with a three-degree-of-freedom control. In this paper,we make the first attempt to investigate the equilibrium strategy of the realistic pursuit-evasion game, in which the pursuer follows a three-degree-of-freedom control, and the evader moves freely. First, we describe the pursuer's three-degree-of-freedom control and the evader's relative coordinate. We then rigorously derive the equilibrium strategy by solving the retrogressive path equation according to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs(HJBI) method, which divides the pursuit-evasion process into the navigation and acceleration phases. Besides, we analyze the maximum allowable speed for the pursuer to capture the evader successfully and provide the strategy with which the evader can escape when the pursuer's speed exceeds the threshold. We further conduct comparison tests with various unilateral deviations to verify that the proposed strategy forms a Nash equilibrium.

关键词： Differential game equilibrium strategy pursuit-evasion game threedegree-of-freedom control

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Simplified single-end Rayleigh and Brillouin hybrid distributed fiber-optic sensing system

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第2期66卷 291-292页

作者： linjing HUANG Zuyuan HE Xinyu FAN State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronic EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Peng Cheng Laboratory

Dear editor,Distributed fiber-optic sensing(DFOS) technology has been widespread applications in many fields. It is mainly realized by analyzing three kinds of backscattering in optical fibers: Rayleigh, Brillouin, and Raman [1]. Conventionally,the sensing system can only measure one type of parameter:a static one like temperature and strain or a dynamic one like vibration. However, for several applications, such as railway safety monitoring systems, both static and dynamic parameters must be measured simultaneously not only for early warning applications but also for collecting static signals to perform long-term analysis.

关键词： Hybrid systems

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北京市6种癌症跨区域患者特征与就医行为研究

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中国循证医学杂志 2019年第9期19卷 1007-1011页

作者：宋霖婧董佩邱五七毛阿燕中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所北京100021 中国医学科学院医学信息研究所公共卫生战略情报研究室北京100020

目的分析北京市6种癌症跨区域患者的特征与就医行为特点。方法描述跨区域患者的特征,分析其与本地患者的差异,并采用二元logistic回归模型对影响患者跨区域就医行为的影响因素进行分析,查找关键影响因素。结果与北京本地患者相比,跨区... 详细信息

目的分析北京市6种癌症跨区域患者的特征与就医行为特点。方法描述跨区域患者的特征,分析其与本地患者的差异,并采用二元logistic回归模型对影响患者跨区域就医行为的影响因素进行分析,查找关键影响因素。结果与北京本地患者相比,跨区域癌症患者具有以青壮年劳动力人口为主、疾病状态相对简单等特点。跨区域患者更倾向于选择专科医院及采用手术治疗方式。结论应推进区域肿瘤专科医疗中心建设,迎合跨区域患者的医疗服务需求,缓解跨区域就医行为引发的大城市就医压力。

关键词：卫生管理跨区域就医肿瘤卫生政策

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Regulated cell death in cancer:from pathogenesis to treatment

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第6期136卷 653-665页

作者： linjing Gong Dong Huang Yujun Shi Zong’an Liang Hong Bu Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Institute of Clinical Pathology Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Department of Pathology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China

Regulated cell death(RCD),including apoptosis,pyroptosis,necroptosis,and ferroptosis,is regulated by a series of evolutionarily conserved pathways,and is required for development and tissue homeostasis.Based on previous genetic and biochemical explorations of cell death subroutines,the characteristics of each are generally considered distinctive.However,recent in-depth studies noted the presence of crosstalk between the different forms of RCD;hence,the concept of PANoptosis appeared.Cancer,a complex genetic disease,is characterized by stepwise deregulation of cell apoptosis and proliferation,with significant morbidity and mortality globally.At present,studies on the different RCD pathways,as well as the intricate relationships between different cell death subroutines,mainly focus on infectious diseases,and their roles in cancer remain unclear.As cancers are characterized by dysregulated cell death and inflammatory responses,most current treatment strategies aim to selectively induce cell death via different RCD pathways in cancer cells.In this review,we describe five types of RCD pathways in detail with respect to tumorigenesis and cancer progression.The potential value of some of these key effector molecules in tumor diagnosis and therapeutic response has also been raised.We then review and highlight recent progress in cancer treatment based on PANoptosis and ferroptosis induced by small-molecule compounds,immune checkpoint inhibitors,and nanoparticles.Together,these findings may provide meaningful evidence to fill in the gaps between cancer pathogenesis and RCD pathways to develop better cancer therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Anti-cancer therapy Apoptosis Cancer Programmed cell death Pyroptosis PANoptosis Necroptosis Ferroptosis Diagnosis death Pyroptosis PANoptosis Necroptosis Ferroptosis Diagnosis

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Synthesis of high-entropy MXenes with high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023年第10期12卷 1902-1918页

作者： linjing Qiao Jianqiang Bi Guandong Liang Yao Yang Hongyi Wang Shaoyin Wang Key Laboratory for Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityJinan 250061China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China

High-entropy MXenes,as a new emerging class of materials,possess diverse compositions,unexpected physicochemical characteristics,and great potentials for electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption.Herein,two single-to-few-layer high-entropy MXenes,(Mo_(0.25)Cr_(0.25)Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25))3 C2 T_(x)and(Mo_(0.2)Cr_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ti_(0.2)V_(0.2))_(4)C_(3)T_(x),were synthesized for the first time.During the exfoliation and delamination processes,the structural,morphological,and compositional evolutions were analyzed,verifying the successful formation of single-to-few-layer two-dimensional MXene nanosheets.Investigations indicate that with the filling content of only 35 wt%,MXene powder filled composites exhibit high-efficiency EM wave absorption performances.The f-(Mo_(0.25)Cr_(0.25)Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25))_(3)C_(2)T_(x)possesses the minimum reflection loss(RL min)of−45.0 dB with the matching thickness of 1.52 mm and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.6 GHz at 1.65 mm thickness.Also,f-(Mo_(0.2)Cr_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ti_(0.2)V_(0.2))_(4)C_(3)T_(x)can attain an RL min of−52.8 dB with the thickness of 1.58 mm and an optimum EAB value of 3.6 GHz at 1.50 mm.The satisfactory EM wave absorption efficiency and bandwidth,thin matching thickness,and low filling content prove the lightweight advantage and great application potential of high-entropy MXenes in EM wave absorption.In this work,the high-entropy strategy is applied to tune the EM wave absorption performances for MXenes.Furthermore,high-entropy engineering is expected to provide control and tunability of many other properties,such as electrochemical,catalytic,and mechanical behaviors.

关键词： high-entropy MAX phase MXene electromagnetic wave absorption

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中国1960-2016年风能资源的时空分布特征

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2020年第2期13卷 136-145页

作者： FENG Yucheng QUE linjing FENG Jinming School of Information Engineering China University of Geosciences in BeijingBeijingChina Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Heilongjiang Province Meteorological Service Center Heilongjiang Province Meteorological BureauHarbinChina

基于462个气象观测站1960–2016年共57年的近地面风速日资料,利用克里格空间内插,最小二乘法,相关系数检验和经验正交函数分解(EOF)等方法分析了年均和各个季节中国区域风速及有效风能密度的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:在中国北部和部... 详细信息

基于462个气象观测站1960–2016年共57年的近地面风速日资料,利用克里格空间内插,最小二乘法,相关系数检验和经验正交函数分解(EOF)等方法分析了年均和各个季节中国区域风速及有效风能密度的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:在中国北部和部分沿海地区年平均风速在3 m s-1以上,有效风能密度在75 W m-2以上,而在中国南部地区平均风速和有效风能密度均较小。近五十多年以来,中国区域年均和季节平均风速呈明显下降趋势,北部地区春季递减率最大,沿海地区冬季递减率最大。广东部分地区年平均风速有增大的趋势,西南,华南和华中西部地区年平均风速变化不大。平均风速大的区域,递减率也大。年平均风速和年有效风能密度的主要空间分布模态表现出高度的一致性,均呈现逐年减小趋势。中国风速及风能资源的减小趋势,主要与全球变暖及土地利用变化有关。

关键词：风速风能资源有效风能密度经验正交函数分解时空变化特征

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Wound immersion with weakly alkaline solution after debridement for refractory diabetic foot ulcer

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Chinese Journal of General Practitioners 2024年第6期23卷 661-664页

作者： Liu Z. qiu L. Zhao J. Zhang L. Sun X. Luo W. Department of Trauma Weifang People′s Hospital Weifang 261000 China Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Weifang People′s Hospital Weifang 261000 China

A total of 44 patients with diabetic foot ulcers were treated in the Traumatic Orthopedics Department of Weifang People′s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022. After debridement of foot ulcers the wounds were soaked in alkaline water of pH 7.5-8.0 (study group, n= 22) or covered with vaseline gauze following iodophor disinfection (control group, n=22). The therapeutic effects of the two methods were compared. Four weeks after debridement, the wound area of study group was smaller than that of control group (3.15 (0, 7.60) vs. 6.75 (3.50, 9.32)cm2, P< 0.05), and the proportion of positive wound bacterial culture was lower than that of control group (40.9% (9/22) vs. 72.7% (16/22), P<0.05). At 12 weeks after surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in the wound healing rate between the two groups (72.7% (16/22) vs. 63.6% (14/22)), but the healing time of the study group was significantly shorter than that of the control group ((6.56±2.68) vs. (9.50±3.87) weeks, P<0.05). It is suggested that immersion of weak alkaline solution is helpful to promote wound healing for patients with diabetic foot ulcers after debridement surgery. © 2024 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chronic wound surface Diabetic foot Efficacy Weakly alkaline solution

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Contributing to Better Development of the Modern Civilization of Chinese Nation Celebrating the Opening of the New Museum of the Yin Xu Site

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China & The World Cultural Exchange 2024年第4期 44-48页

作者： Li Jun Shuang Rui Shi linjing 不详

The discovery of Yin Xu has turned the history of the Shang Dynasty into credible history,continuing the trend of integrating civilizations from all directions for over a thousand years,and initiating a pattern of continuous,diversified,and unified civilization for more than three thousand years.With the Yin Xu Site as the fulcrum,it constructs the spatialtemporal system of Xia-Shang archaeology and culture.

关键词： Site integrating unified

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