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Quantitative analysis of influencing factors to aerosol pH and its responses to PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution in a coastal city

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 284-297页

作者： Ke xu Liqian Yin Qiaoling Chen Dan Liao Xiaoting Ji Keran Zhang Yu Wu lingling xu Mengren Li Xiaolong Fan Fuwang Zhang Zhi Huang Jinsheng Chen Youwei Hong Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Key Lab of Urban Environment and HealthInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China School of Life Sciences Hebei UniversityBaoding 071000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Resources and Environment Fujian Agriculture and Forest UniversityFuzhou 350002China College of Chemical Engineering Huaqiao UniversityXiamen 361021China College of Environment and Public Health Xiamen Huaxia UniversityXiamen 361024China Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Environmental Monitoring Center of Fujian Fuzhou 350003China Xiamen Institute of Environmental Science Xiamen 361021China

Aerosol acidity(pH)plays an important role in the multiphase chemical processes of atmospheric *** this study,we demonstrated the seasonal trends of aerosol pH calculated with the ISORROPIA-II model in a coastal city of southeast *** performed quantitative analysis on the various influencing factors on aerosol pH,and explored the responses of aerosol pH to different PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution *** results showed that the average aerosol pH was 2.92±0.61,following the order of winter>spring>summer>*** tests revealed that SO_(4)^(2−),NH_(x),T and RH triggered the variations of aerosol *** analysis results showed that T(37.9%-51.2%)was the main factors affecting pH variations in four seasons,followed by SO_(4)^(2−)(6.1%-23.7%),NH_(x)(7.2%-22.2%)and RH(0–14.2%).Totally,annual mean meteorological factors(52.9%)and chemical compositions(41.3%)commonly contributed the aerosolpH in the coastal *** concentrations of PM_(2.5)was positively correlated with aerosol liquid water content(R^(2)=0.53)and aerosol pH(R^(2)=0.26),indicating that the increase in pH was related with the elevated NH_(4)NO_(3)and decreased SO_(4)^(2−),and also the changes of T and *** O_(x)(O_(3)+NO_(2))was moderately correlated with aerosol pH(R^(2)=-0.48),attributable to the fact that the proportion of SO_(4)^(2−)increased under high T and low RH *** study strengthened our understanding of the contributions of influencing factors to aerosol pH,and also provided scientific evidences for chemical processes of atmospheric particles in coastal areas.

关键词： Aerosol acidity Aerosol liquid water Fine particular matter(PM_(2.5)) Ozone(O_(3)) Coastal city

MODIFIED STOCHASTIC EXTRAGRADIENT METHODS FOR STOCHASTIC VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2024年第2期42卷 390-414页

作者： Ling Zhang lingling xu School of Management and Economic Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Mathematical Sciences Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Mathematical Sciences and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China

In this paper,we consider two kinds of extragradient methods to solve the pseudo-monotone stochastic variational inequality ***,we present the modified stochastic extragradient method with constant step-size(MSEGMC)and prove the convergence of *** the strong pseudo-monotone operator and the exponentially growing sample sequences,we establish the R-linear convergence rate in terms of the mean natural residual and the oracle complexity O(1/ǫ).Second,we propose a modified stochastic extragradient method with adaptive step-size(MSEGMA).In addition,the step-size of MSEGMA does not depend on the Lipschitz constant and without any line-search ***,we use some numerical experiments to verify the effectiveness of the two algorithms.

关键词： Stochastic variational inequality Pseudo-monotone Modified stochastic ex-tragradient methods Adaptive step-size

Pollution characteristics of organic and elemental carbon in PM_(2.5) in Xiamen,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第8期23卷 1342-1349页

作者： Fuwang Zhang Jinping Zhao Jinsheng Chen Ya xu lingling xu Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Xiamen, located on the southeastern coastal line of China, is undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization, so its air quality has a trend of degradation. However, studies on level, temporal and spatial changes of fine particles （PM2.5） and their carbonaceous fractions are scarce. In this article, abundance, sources, seasonal and spatial variations, distribution of organic carbon （OC） and elemental carbon （EC） in PM2.5, were studied at suburban, urban and industrial sites in Xiamen during four season-representative months in 2009-2010. PM2.5 samples were collected with middle volume sampler and were analyzed for OC and EC with thermal optical transmittance （TOT） method. Results showed that the annual average PM2.5 concentrations were 63.88-74.80 Ixg/m3 at three sites. While OC and EC concentrations were in the range of 15.81-19.73 [xg/m3 and 2.74-3.49 ~tg/m3, respectively, and clearly presented the summer minima and winter maxima in this study. The carbonaceous aerosol accounted for 42.8%-47.3% of the mass of PMzs. The annual average of secondary organic carbon （SOC） concentrations in Xiamen were 9.23-11.36 ~g/m3, accounting for approximately 56% of OC. Strong correlations between OC and EC was found in spring （R2 = 0.50） and autumn （R2 = 0.73）, suggesting that there were similar emission and transport processes for carbonaceous aerosols in these two seasons, while weak correlations were found in summer （R2 = 0.33） and winter （R2 = 0.41）. The OCI＇EC ratios in PM2.5 varied from 2.1 to 8.7 with an annual average of 5.7, indicating that vehicle exhaust, coal smoke and biomass burning were main source apportionments of carbonaceous fractions in Xiamen.

关键词： fine particle carbonaceous aerosol organic carbon elemental carbon Xiamen

Basement membrane and blood-brain barrier

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2019年第2期4卷 78-82页

作者： lingling xu Abhijit Nirwane Yao Yao Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly complex and dynamic structure, mainly composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and the basement membrane (BM). The vast majority of BBB research focuses on its cellular constituents. Its non- cellular component, the BM, on the other hand, is largely understudied due to its intrinsic complexity and the lack of research tools. In this review, we focus on the role of the BM in BBB integrity. We first briefly introduce the biochemical composition and structure of the BM. Next, the biological functions of major components of the BM in BBB formation and maintenance are discussed. Our goal is to provide a concise overview on how the BM contributes to BBB integrity.

关键词： barrier blood basement

Chemical compositions of PM_(2.5) aerosol during haze periods in the mountainous city of Yong'an, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第7期24卷 1225-1233页

作者： LiqianYin Zhenchuan Niu Xiaoqiu Chen Jinsheng Chen lingling xu Fuwang Zhang Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Environmental Monitoring Center of Fujian Fuzhou 350003China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Haze phenomena were found to have an increasing tendency in recent years in Yong＇an, a mountainous industrial city located in the center part of Fujian Province, China. Atmospheric fine particles （PM2.5） in the urban area during haze periods in three seasons （spring, autumn and winter） from 2007 to 2008 were collected, and the mass concentrations and chemical compositions （seventeen elements, water soluble inorganic ions （WSIIs） and carbonaceous species） of PM2.5 were determined. PM2.5 mass concentrations did not show a distinct difference among the three seasons. The carbonaceous species organic carbon （OC） and elemental carbon （EC） constituted up to 19.2%-30.4% of the PM2.5 mass during sampling periods, while WSIIs made up 25.3%-52.5% of the PM2.5 mass. The major ions in PM2.5 were SO42-, NO3- and NH4~, while the major elements were Si, K, Pb, Zn, Ca and A1. The experimental results （from data based on three haze periods with a 10-day sampling length for each period） showed that the crustal element species was the most abundant component of PM2.5 in spring, and the secondary ions species （SO42-, NO3-, NH4＋, etc.） was the most abundant component in PM2.5 in autumn and winter. This indicated that dust was the primary pollution source for PM2.5 in spring and combustion and traffic emissions could be the main pollution sources for PM2.5 in autumn and winter. Generally, coal combustion and traffic emissions were considered to be the most prominent pollution sources for this city on haze days.

关键词： PM2.5 haze metal elements water soluble inorganic ions carbonaceous species Yong'an City

Imaging and Spectral Characteristics of Amyloid Plaque Autofluorescence in Brain Slices from the APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第6期35卷 1126-1137页

作者： Yunling Gao Qing Liu lingling xu Ning Zheng Xiaoming He Fuqiang xu Research Section Xiangyang Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyang 441021China Center for Brain Science State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular PhysicsNational Center for Magnetic Resonance in WuhanKey Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological SystemsWuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular PhysicsWuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China Neurology Department Xiangyang Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyang 441021China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430074China

Amyloid deposits are one of the hallmark pathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease(AD). They can be visualized by thioflavin-S, silver impregnation,Congo red staining, and immunohistochemical ***, that amyloid deposits generate blue autofluorescence(auto-F) has been ignored. Here, we report that visible light-induced auto-F of senile plaques(SPs) was detected and validated with conventional methods. Brain slices from APP/PS1(amyloid precursor protein/presenilin1) transgenic mice were mounted on slides, rinsed,coverslipped and observed for details of the imaging and spectral characteristics of the auto-F of SPs. Then the slices were treated with the above classic methods for comparative validation. We found that the SP auto-F was greatest under blue-violet excitation with a specific emission spectrum, and was much easier, more sensitive, and reliable than the classic methods. Because it does not damage slices, observation of auto-F can be combined with all post-staining techniques in slices and for brain-wide imaging in AD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Amyloid deposits Senile plaques Autofluorescence Spectral imaging Glial activation

Preparation and Performance of n-Dodecane Microencapsulated Phase Change Cold Storage Materials

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第2期11卷 689-705页

作者： Pan Zhang lingling xu Xin Shi Zemeng Guo Jiajia Cheng College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China

Cold chain transportation is currently a hot research *** the traditional refrigeration methods lead to the consumption of large amounts of energy,the search for new energy storage materials is a major *** the present contribution,n-dodecane/PMMA microencapsulated phase change materials were prepared by suspension polymerization for ice-temperature cold chain transportation and their preparation parameters were explored using the encapsulation ratio as optimization *** results show that the n-dodecane-containing microcapsules have a maximum encapsulation ratio of 93.2%when using a core-to-wall ratio of 3:1,5%of emulsifier,30%of crosslinker,and 2000 rpm of emulsification *** phase transition temperature and enthalpy are-2℃and 195.9 kJ/kg,*** microcapsules prepared with the optimized process parameters have good microscopic morphology,high energy storage efficiency,uniform particle size and good thermal stability,making them ideal materials for cold chain transportation.

关键词： Phase change microcapsules n-dodecane suspension polymerization cold storage

QUANTIFYING THE SHORT LIFETIME WITH TCSPC-FLIM:FIRST MOMENT VERSUS FITTING METHODS

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2013年第4期6卷 1-10页

作者： lingling xu ZHONG-CHAO WEI SHAOQUN ZENG ZHEN-LIHU ANG Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P.R.China Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P.R.China Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006P.R.China

Combing the time corelated single photon counting(TCSPC)with fuorescence lifetime imaging microscopy(FLIM)provides promising opportunities in revealing important information on the microenvironment of cells and tissues,but the applications are thus far mainly limited by the accuracy and precision of the TCSPC-FLIM *** we present a comprehensive in-vestigation on the perforance of two data analysis methods,the first moment(M_(1))method and the conventional least squares(Fitting)method,in quantifying fuorescence *** found that the Mp method is more superior than the Fitting method when the lifetime is short(70-400ps)or the signal intensity is weak(<10^(3) photons).

关键词： Fluorescence lifetimne imaging tim-correlated single photon counting the distribution of the first moment(M_(1))

Rapid reconstitution of NK1 cells after allogeneic transplantation is associated with a reduced incidence of graft-versus-host disease

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第8期61卷 902-911页

作者： Xingxing Yu lingling xu Yingjun Chang Xiaojun Huang Xiangyu Zhao Peking University People's Hospital Peking University Institute of Hematology Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Beijing 100044 China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Beijing 100871 China Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital Yantai 264000 China

The balance between immunostimulation and immunoregulation in T cell immunity is achieved by maintaining specific ratios of Thl, Th2, Th3 and Trl cells. Here, we investigate levels of type 1 （IFN-gamma; NK1）, type 2 （IL-13; NK2）, type 3 （TGF-beta; NK3） and regulatory （IL-10; NKr） cytokines in peripheral blood to assess the cytokine profiles of natural killer （NK） cells following human allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （allo-HSCT）. NK2 and NK3 cell expansion was observed after aUo-HSCT; levels of NKr ceils reached donor levels at day 15, though levels of NK1 cells were consistently lower than donor levels until day 60 after allo-HSCT. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher level of NK1 cells by day 15 was associated with a lower overall risk of acute graft-versus-host disease （GVHD）（HR 0.157, P=-0.010） as well as II-IV acute GVHD （HR 0.260, P=-0.059）. Furthermore, higher levels of NK1 cells by day 15 were correlated with lower rates of cytomegalovirus （CMV） reactivation （HR 0.040, 0.005-0.348,/9=-0.003）. These results indicate that rapid reconstitution of NK cells, especially NK1 cells, can help prevent the development of GVHD as well as CMV reactivation after allogeneic transplantation.

关键词： NK1 NK2 NK3 NKr GVHD CMV