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Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping yu Emily Choi Michael QJiang ling Wei Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same *** comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older *** review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic,but gradually set off deteriorating Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic *** stroke and Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much different time *** is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

Homologous CoS2 interface with directed electron transfer and strong chloridion repulsion for efficient seawater oxidation

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： yuan Tian Jiang-bo Chen Jie Ying Ge Tian yu-Xuan Xiao Yi Lu Si-Ming Wu Wei Geng ling Shen Xiao-yu Yang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing and School of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Research Institute & Laoshan Laboratory Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen University National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies Foshan Xianhu Laboratory

Seawater electrolysis is a highly promising method to produce high energy density hydrogen,especially in dry areas that have scarce freshwater ***,application of seawater electrolysis is confronted by two major problems associated with catalysts employed for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction （OER） including the competitive hypochlorite evolution reaction（HCER） and strong chloridion （Cl–） triggered *** studies aimed at overcoming these problems,a facile method has been developed to synthesize a homologous CoS2heterojunction as an OER *** to a difference in work functions at the interface and increased electron density,this material has directed electron transfer and strong chloridion repulsion properties,*** have shown that CoS2achieves low overpotentials of 289 and 322 mV at 10 mA cm-2current density in respective alkaline （1 M KOH） and alkaline simulated seawater ***,the outstanding stability of CoS2is reflected in a negligible decline in activity during promotion of the OER for 100 *** of density functional theory calculations reveal that the homologous CoS2heterojunction promotes directed electron transport for optimizing adsorption/desorption of reactive species and heightens the Cl-adsorption energy for strongly repulsing Cl-,phenomena that enhance OER performance in alkaline simulated seawater.

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GFRF R-CNN:Object Detection Algorithm for Transmission Lines

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1439-1458页

作者： Xunguang Yan Wenrui Wang Fanglin Lu Hongyong Fan bo Wu Jianfeng yu Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201210China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Jingwei Textile Machinery Co. Ltd.Beijing100176China

To maintain the reliability of power systems,routine inspections using drones equipped with advanced object detection algorithms are essential for preempting power-related *** increasing resolution of drone-captured images has posed a challenge for traditional target detection methods,especially in identifying small objects in high-resolution *** study presents an enhanced object detection algorithm based on the Faster Regionbased Convolutional Neural Network(Faster R-CNN)framework,specifically tailored for detecting small-scale electrical components like insulators,shock hammers,and screws in transmission *** algorithm features an improved backbone network for Faster R-CNN,which significantly boosts the feature extraction network’s ability to detect fine *** Region Proposal Network is optimized using a method of guided feature refinement(GFR),which achieves a balance between accuracy and *** incorporation of Generalized Intersection over Union(GIOU)and Region of Interest(ROI)Align further refines themodel’s *** results demonstrate a notable improvement in mean Average Precision,reaching 89.3%,an 11.1%increase compared to the standard Faster *** highlights the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in identifying electrical components in high-resolution aerial images.

关键词： Faster R-CNN transmission line object detection GIOU GFR

交错群A_(59)上的5度2-传递非正规Cayley图

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云南大学学报（自然科学版） 2018年第2期40卷 201-204页

作者：凌波于雪刘海林云南民族大学数学与计算机科学学院云南昆明650504 云南大学数学与统计学院云南昆明650091

称Cayley图Γ=Cay(G,S)是正规的,如果G在Aut(Γ)中正规.正规Cayley图在决定Cayley图的全自同构群中扮演着重要角色.在交错群A_(59)上构造了一个5度2-传递非正规Cayley图,并证明其全自同构群同构于A_(60).

关键词：对称图单群自同构群非正规Cayley图

A Novel Self-Supervised Learning Network for Binocular Disparity Estimation

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 209-229页

作者： Jiawei Tian yu Zhou Xiaobing Chen Salman A.AlQahtani Hongrong Chen bo Yang Siyu Lu Wenfeng Zheng Department of Computer Science and Engineering Major in Bio Artificial IntelligenceHanyang UniversityAnsan-si15577Republic of Korea School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11574Saudi Arabia School of Automation University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China

Two-dimensional endoscopic images are susceptible to interferences such as specular reflections and monotonous texture illumination,hindering accurate three-dimensional lesion reconstruction by surgical *** study proposes a novel end-to-end disparity estimation model to address these *** approach combines a Pseudo-Siamese neural network architecture with pyramid dilated convolutions,integrating multi-scale image information to enhance robustness against lighting *** study introduces a Pseudo-Siamese structure-based disparity regression model that simplifies left-right image comparison,improving accuracy and *** model was evaluated using a dataset of stereo endoscopic videos captured by the Da Vinci surgical robot,comprising simulated silicone heart sequences and real heart video *** results demonstrate significant improvement in the network’s resistance to lighting interference without substantially increasing ***,the model exhibited faster convergence during training,contributing to overall performance *** study advances endoscopic image processing accuracy and has potential implications for surgical robot applications in complex environments.

关键词： Parallax estimation parallax regression model self-supervised learning Pseudo-Siamese neural network pyramid dilated convolution binocular disparity estimation

Drosophila models used to simulate human ATP1A1 gene mutations that cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease and refractory seizures

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 265-276页

作者： Yao yuan lingqi yu Xudong Zhuang Dongjing Wen Jin He Jingmei Hong Jiayu Xie Shengan ling Xiaoyue Du Wenfeng Chen Xinrui Wang Institute of Life Sciences College of Biological Science and EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina NHC Key Laboratory of Technical Evaluation of Fertility Regulation for Non-human Primate(Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital) FuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Medical Research Center Fujian Maternity and Child Health HospitalCollege of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics&Gynecology and PediatricsFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Neuroscienceand Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular NeurologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina

Certain amino acids changes in the human Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase pump,ATPase Na^(+)/K^(+)transporting subunit alpha 1(ATP1A1),cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2(CMT2)disease and refractory *** develop in vivo models to study the role of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase in these diseases,we modified the Drosophila gene homolog,Atpα,to mimic the human ATP1A1 gene mutations that cause *** located within the helical linker region of human ATP1A1(I592T,A597T,P600T,and D601F)were simultaneously introduced into endogenous Drosophila Atpαby CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing,generating the Atpα^(TTTF)*** addition,the same strategy was used to generate the corresponding single point mutations in flies(Atpα^(I571T),Atpα^(A576T),Atpα^(P579T),and Atpα^(D580F)).Moreover,a deletion mutation(Atpα^(mut))that causes premature termination of translation was generated as a positive *** these alleles,we found two that could be maintained as homozygotes(Atpα^(I571T)and Atpα^(P579T)).Three alleles(Atpα^(A576T),Atpα^(P579)and Atpα^(D580F))can form heterozygotes with the Atpαmut *** found that the Atpαallele carrying these CMT2-associated mutations showed differential phenotypes in *** heterozygous for Atpα^(TTTF)mutations have motor performance defects,a reduced lifespan,seizures,and an abnormal neuronal *** Drosophila models will provide a new platform for studying the function and regulation of the sodium-potassium pump.

关键词： ATP1A1 Atpα bang-sensitive paralysis Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 CRISPR/Cas9 homology-directed repair Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase point mutation seizures sodium pump

Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile alkyl-alkyl coupling reactions

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Li-Xu You Lan Tian Chun-ling Guo Shun-Xi Li yu-Cheng Liu yu-Long Li Wei Shu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Higher Education Institutes of Sichuan Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Guangming Advanced Research Institute Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology

Introducing saturated carbon-carbon bonds into organic molecules significantly increases the three-dimensional configuration,thus altering the physical and chemical properties as well as the functions of molecules. Transition-metal-catalyzed carboncarbon cross-couplings represent one of the most straightforward, efficient and modular alternatives to build saturation in a single step. However, the efficient construction of alkyl-alkyl bonds remains a formidable challenge due to the precise manipulation of multiple alkyl metallic intermediates as well as associated competitive side reactions and selectivity control. Over the past years, Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling under reductive conditions has gained more and more attention for alkyl-alkyl crosscoupling partially attributing to the low-valent state of metal centers under reducing conditions, which suppresses the competitive β-hydride elimination process, thus facilitating the formation of alkyl-alkyl bonds. In this review, the initiative and progress of Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling, including the efforts in racemic and enantioselective formation of alkyl-alkyl bonds, have been summarized and discussed. Moreover, the challenges and further opportunities in this area have also been discussed.

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不同供氮方式下苹果矮化砧M9T337幼苗生长及内源激素的响应

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植物生理学报 2018年第2期54卷 305-315页

作者：彭玲于波陈倩葛顺峰姜远茂作物生物学国家重点实验室山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院山东泰安271018

以苹果(Malus domestica)矮化砧M9T337幼苗为试材,研究了5种不同供氮方式(NO_3^--N浓度由低变高、NO_3^--N浓度由高变低、持续适量供氮、持续低氮及持续高氮,分别以N1、N2、N3、N4和N5表示)对苹果幼苗生物量、根系形态、内源激素含量及... 详细信息

以苹果(Malus domestica)矮化砧M9T337幼苗为试材,研究了5种不同供氮方式(NO_3^--N浓度由低变高、NO_3^--N浓度由高变低、持续适量供氮、持续低氮及持续高氮,分别以N1、N2、N3、N4和N5表示)对苹果幼苗生物量、根系形态、内源激素含量及根系硝态氮转运蛋白基因NRT1.1和NRT2.1相对表达量的影响。结果表明,与N3处理相比,N4处理根冠比增加了11.11%,而N5处理降低了28.57%。处理第21天,N3处理总根长、总表面积及根长密度最大,其次为N2处理,最小的为N5处理,而叶面积为N3>N5>N2>N1>N4。处理7 d后,N4处理根系吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量显著高于N5处理,而叶片IAA含量显著低于N5处理。N2处理在NO_3^--N浓度变换11 d内根系IAA含量增加了16.68%,叶片IAA含量降低了20.90%;N1处理趋势相反。处理21 d内,N5处理根系和叶片玉米素(Z)和玉米素核苷(ZR)含量均显著高于N4处理。各处理根系脱落酸(ABA)含量在处理第21天时无显著差异,而叶片ABA含量为N4>N2>N1>N5>N3。N4处理根系NRT1.1的相对表达量在处理7 d后显著高于N5处理,且N4处理1 d后显著诱导了根系NRT2.1的表达。由此推测,与高氮相比,低氮下苹果幼苗IAA从地上部向根系极性运输增加,Z和ZR含量降低,叶片ABA含量积累,根系NRT1.1和NRT2.1相对表达量提高,可能是苹果幼苗在不同NO_3^--N浓度下生长差异的重要原因。

关键词：苹果根系硝态氮内源激素基因表达

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正常成人胸段椎管内脂肪的MRI研究

实用放射学杂志 2006年第5期22卷 528-530页

作者：张小玲鱼博浪张明陕西省人民医院CT-MRI室西安交通大学第一医院医学影像中心西安交通大学第一医院医学影像中心陕西西安710068

目的评价正常成人胸段椎管内脂肪的分布特征和厚度范围的临床价值,探讨脂肪厚度相关影响因素。方法在MR正中矢状面T1W I上观察268例正常成人胸段椎管内脂肪的分布特点,并测量椎间盘中心平面脂肪厚度和椎管前后径,对测量结果行统计学分... 详细信息

目的评价正常成人胸段椎管内脂肪的分布特征和厚度范围的临床价值,探讨脂肪厚度相关影响因素。方法在MR正中矢状面T1W I上观察268例正常成人胸段椎管内脂肪的分布特点,并测量椎间盘中心平面脂肪厚度和椎管前后径,对测量结果行统计学分析。结果MR I正中矢状面上胸段椎管内脂肪仅见于背侧硬膜外腔,多呈节段性分布,少数呈连续带状或梭带状分布。各水平脂肪厚度范围不等,但在性别和年龄组间均无统计学差异,体重指数、椎管前后径与之呈正线性相关关系。结论正常成人胸段椎管内脂肪的分布特征和厚度范围可为临床诊断某些椎管疾病提供参考依据。

关键词：椎管脂肪磁共振成像