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The pathogenic mechanism of TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 800-806页

作者： Xinxin Wang Yushu hu Renshi Xu Medical College of Nanchang University Department of Neurology Jiangxi Provincial People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeThe Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College

The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions.However,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease.The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries.The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis axonal transport liquid-liquid phase separation noncellular autonomous functions oxidative stress pathogenesis post-translational modification protein quality control system stress granules TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)

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Cloud-Type-Dependent 1DVAR Algorithm for Retrieving Hydrometeors and Precipitation in Tropical Cyclone Nanmadol from GMI Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 407-419页

作者： Linjun HAN Fuzhong WENG Hao hu Xiuqing hu School of the Environment China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081China CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather)of CMABeijing 100081China

Understanding the structure of tropical cyclone(TC)hydrometeors is crucial for detecting the changes in the distribution and intensity of precipitation.In this study,the GMI brightness temperature and cloud-dependent 1DVAR algorithm were used to retrieve the hydrometeor profiles and surface rain rate of TC Nanmadol(2022).The Advanced Radiative Transfer Modeling System(ARMS)was used to calculate the Jacobian and degrees of freedom(△DOF)of cloud water,rainwater,and graupel for different channels of GMI in convective conditions.The retrieval results were compared with the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar(DPR),GMI 2A,and IMERG products.It is shown that from all channels of GMI,rain water has the highest△DOF,at 1.72.According to the radiance Jacobian to atmospheric state variables,cloud water emission dominates its scattering.For rain water,the emission of channels 1–4 dominates scattering.Compared with the GMI 2A precipitation product,the 1DVAR precipitation rate has a higher correlation coefficient(0.713)with the IMERG product and can better reflect the location of TC precipitation.Near the TC eyewall,the highest radar echo top indicates strong convection.Near the melting layer where Ka-band attenuation is strong,the double frequency difference of DPR data reflects the location of the melting.The DPR drop size distribution(DSD)product shows that there is a significant increase in particle size below the melting layer in the spiral rain band.Thus,the particle size may be one of the main reasons for the smaller rain water below the melting layer retrieved from 1DVAR.

关键词： cloud-dependent 1DVAR hydrometeor precipitation GMI DPR

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GraphFlow+:Exploiting Conversation Flow in Conversational Machine Comprehension with Graph Neural Networks

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第2期21卷 272-282页

作者： Jing hu Lingfei Wu Yu Chen Po hu Mohammed J.Zaki School of Computer Science Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Pinterest San Francisco 94016USA Meta Mountain View 94039USA Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy 12180USA

The conversation machine comprehension(MC)task aims to answer questions in the multi-turn conversation for a single passage.However,recent approaches don’t exploit information from historical conversations effectively,which results in some references and ellipsis in the current question cannot be recognized.In addition,these methods do not consider the rich semantic relationships between words when reasoning about the passage text.In this paper,we propose a novel model GraphFlow+,which constructs a context graph for each conversation turn and uses a unique recurrent graph neural network(GNN)to model the temporal dependencies between the context graphs of each turn.Specifically,we exploit three different ways to construct text graphs,including the dynamic graph,static graph,and hybrid graph that combines the two.Our experiments on CoQA,QuAC and DoQA show that the GraphFlow+model can outperform the state-of-the-art approaches.

关键词： Conversational machine comprehension(MC) reading comprehension question answering graph neural networks(GNNs) natural language processing(NLP)

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Risk Factors Asscociated with Hypokalemia during Postanesthesia Recovery and Its Impact on Outcomes in Gynecological Patients:A Propensity Score Matching Study

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Current Medical Science 2024年第2期44卷 441-449页

作者： Bei-bei WANG Li hu Xin-yue hu Dong HAN Jing WU Department of Anesthesiology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation(huazhong University of Science and Technology) Ministry of EducationWuhan430022China

Objective:This study aimed to explore the risk factors and outcomes of hypokalemia during the recovery period from anesthesia in the gynecological population.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 208 patients who underwent gynecological surgery at our institution between January 2021 and March 2022.Data were collected for each patient,including demographics,disease status,surgical data,and clinical information.Preoperative bowel preparation,postoperative gastrointestinal function,and electrolyte levels were compared between the two groups using propensity score matching(PSM).Results:The incidence of hypokalemia(serum potassium level<3.5 mmol/L)during the recovery period from anesthesia was approximately 43.75%.After PSM,oral laxative use(96.4%vs.82.4%,P=0.005),the number of general enemas(P=0.014),and the rate of≥2 general enemas(92.9%vs.77.8%,P=0.004)were identified as risk factors for hypokalemia,which was accompanied by decreased PaCO2 and hypocalcemia.There were no significant differences in postoperative gastrointestinal outcomes,such as the time to first flatus or feces,the I-FEED score(a scoring system was created to evaluate impaired postoperative gastrointestinal function),or postoperative recovery outcomes,between the hypokalemia group and the normal serum potassium group.Conclusion:Hypokalemia during postanesthesia recovery period occurred in 43.75%of gynecological patients,which resulted from preoperative mechanical bowel preparation;however,it did not directly affect clinical outcomes,including postoperative gastrointestinal function,postoperative complications,and length of hospital stay.

关键词： hypokalemia gynecological surgery postanesthesia recovery perioperative electrolyte disturbances postoperative recovery

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Impact of Polymer Matrix on Polymer Mechanochromism from Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第6期42卷 611-616页

作者： Yu Wu Xin Cheng huan hu Shui hu Zhimin Ma Zhiyong Ma Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic CompositesCollege of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029 China Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029 China College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing100871 China

Mechanochromic polymers based on non-covalent changes have attracted much attention recently.Herein,we report the impact of inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonds on polymer mechanochromism from the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process.PhMz-NH2-OH and PhMz=2A are designed and obtained by simple and high-yield synthesis,and are connected into polyurethane and poly(methyl acrylate-co-2-ethylhexyl acrylate),respectively.In the initial state,the PhMz-NH2-OH@PU sample shows blue fluorescence from the excited enol form (E*) excitons,owing to intermolecular hydrogen bonds that interrupt the ESIPT reactions but the PhMz=2A@PMA-2-EA sample expresses cyan fluorescence belonging to the excited keto form (K*) emission,implying that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds matter.Furthermore,under stretching,external force can tune the emission of the PhMz=2A@PMA-2-EA sample from K* to E* state.Though external force can putatively still promote a bond rotation,ESIPT reactions remain equivalently interrupted in both the relaxed and stressed states in a hydrogen-bond donating environment.DFT calculation confirms the force-induced increase in dihedral angle for the transition of ESIPT-on/off.Thus,PhMz-NH2-OH@PU and PhMz=2A@PMA-2-EA showed disparate initial ESIPT states and further different responses/sensitivity to force.This study reports a novel and efficient strategy for enriching mechanochromic investigation and extending the applications of ESIPT reactions.

关键词： Polymer mechanochromism Excited state intramolecular proton transfer Hydrogen bonding Supramolecular chemistry Elastomers

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Epidemiology and current management of cardiovascular disease in China

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第4期21卷 387-406页

作者： Sheng-Shou hu the Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Dis-eases in China Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2022) intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in China. This is the fourth section of the report with a specific focus on epidemiology and current management of cardiovascular disease(CVD) in China. This section of the report highlights the epidemiological trends of CVD in China. It reveal a concerning rise in prevalence, with approximately 330 million affected individuals, including significant numbers with stroke, coronary artery disease(CAD), heart failure, and other conditions. CVD stands as the primary cause of mortality among both urban and rural populations, accounting for nearly half of all deaths in 2020. Mortality rates are notably higher in rural areas compared to urban centers since 2009. While age-standardized mortality rates have decreased, the absolute number of CVD deaths has increased, primarily due to population aging. Ischemic heart disease, hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes are the leading causes of CVD-related deaths. Notably, the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has risen substantially, with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease-related deaths increasing from 1990 to 2016. The incidence of ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease has shown similar increasing trends over the past three decades. CAD mortality, particularly acute myocardial infarction, has been on the rise, with higher mortality rates observed in rural areas since 2016. The prevalence of CAD has increased significantly, with over 11 million patients identified in 2013. Studies assessing hospital performance in managing acute coronary syndrome reveal gaps in adherence to guideline-recommended strategies, with disparities in care quality across hospitals. However, initiatives like the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events(PEACE)-Retrospective AMI Study and the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Acute Coronary Syndrome(CCC-ACS) project aim to improve patient outcomes through enhanced care protocols. More

关键词： epidemiology landscape deaths

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Current status of early gastric cancer screening research

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第3期21卷 218-222页

作者： Can hu Li Yuan Xiangdong Cheng Department of Gastric surgery Zhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou Institute of Medicine(HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang 310022China Key Laboratory of Prevention Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou 310022China Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Zhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou 310022China

Gastric cancer is a predominant threat to the health and well-being of China's residents. Data from the World Health Organization(WHO) in 2020 revealed that gastric cancer in China notably accounted for 44.0% of new c... 详细信息

关键词： cancer Gastric gastric

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Classifying hepatitis B therapies with insights from covalently closed circular DNA dynamics

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 9-23页

作者： Jie-Li hu Ai-Long huang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases Ministry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China

The achievement of a functional cure for chronic hepatitis B(CHB)remains limited to a minority of patients treated with currently approved drugs.The primary objective in developing new anti-HBV drugs is to enhance the functional cure rates for CHB.A critical prerequisite for the functional cure of CHB is a substantial reduction,or even eradication of covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA).Within this context,the changes in cccDNA levels during treatment become as a pivotal concern.We have previously analyzed the factors influencing cccDNA dynamics and introduced a preliminary classification of hepatitis B treatment strategies based on these dynamics.In this review,we employ a systems thinking perspective to elucidate the fundamental aspects of the HBV replication cycle and to rationalize the classification of treatment strategies according to their impact on the dynamic equilibrium of cccDNA.Building upon this foundation,we categorize current anti-HBV strategies into two distinct groups and advocate for their combined use to significantly reduce cccDNA levels within a well-defined timeframe.

关键词： Hepatitis B cccDNA Functional cure Dynamics Treatment Strategy

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Evolution and conservation genetics of pangolins

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 426-441页

作者： Tongtong GU Jingyang hu Li YU State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina

Pangolins(Pholidota,Manidae)are classified as an evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered mammal due to their unique morphology(nail-like scales and a myrmecophagous diet)and being the victim of heavy poaching and worldwide trafficking.As such,pangolins serve as a textbook example for studying the special phenotypic evolutionary adaptations and conservation genetics of an endangered species.Recent years have demonstrated significant advancements in the fields of molecular genetics and genomics,which have translated to a series of important research achievements and breakthroughs concerning the evolution and conservation genetics of pangolins.This review comprehensively presents the hitherto advances in phylogeny,adaptive evolution,conservation genetics,and conservation genomics that are related to pangolins,which will provide an ample understanding of their diversity,molecular adaptation mechanisms,and evolutionary potentials.In addition,we highlight the priority of investigating species/population diversity among pangolins and suggest several avenues of research that are highly relevant for future pangolin conservation.

关键词： adaptive evolution conservation genetics conservation genomics pangolins phylogeny

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Phase diagram of muonium hydride:the significant effect of dimensionality

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 182-187页

作者： Jieru hu Massimo Boninsegni Department of Physics University of Alberta State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy East China Normal University

We carry out a theoretical investigation of the low-temperature phase diagram of muonium hydride in two dimensions,using numerical simulations.It is shown that the phase diagram of this substance is qualitatively different in two and three dimensions.Specifically,while in three dimensions it is essentially identical to that of parahydrogen,i.e.,only displaying a single(crystalline)phase.In two dimensions it is very similar to that of^(4)He,with an equilibrium liquid phase that turns superfluid at a temperature as high as~2.2 K,and crystallizes under applied pressure.This is a well-described case of a continuous-space condensed matter system whose ground state equilibrium phase is qualitatively altered by dimensional reduction.

关键词： quantum fuids and solids quantum Monte Carlo phase diagrams

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