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sampling strategy for estimating human exposure pathways to consumer chemicals

Emerging Contaminants 2016年第1期2卷 26-36页

作者： Eleni Papadopoulou Juan A.Padilla-sanchez Chris D.Collins Ian T.Cousins Adrian Covaci Cynthia A.de Wit Pim E.G.Leonards stefan Voorspoels Cathrine Thomsen stuart Harrad line s.haug Division of Environmental Medicine Norwegian Institute of Public HealthLovisenberggata 80456 OsloNorway soil Research Centre Department of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66DWUK Department of Environmental science and Analytical Chemistry(ACEs) Stockholm UniversitySE 10691 StockholmSweden Toxicological Center University of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 12610 WilrijkBelgium Institute for Environmental studies VU UniversityDe Boelelaan 10871081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Flemish Institute for Technological Research(VITO) Boeretang 2002400 MolBelgium school of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbaston B152TTUK

Human exposure to consumer chemicals has become a worldwide *** this work,a comprehensive sampling strategy is presented,to our knowledge being the first to study all relevant exposure pathways in a single cohort using multiple methods for assessment of exposure from each exposure *** selected groups of chemicals to be studied are consumer chemicals whose production and use are currently in a state of transition and are;per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances(PFAss),traditional and“emerging”brominated flame retardants(BFRs and EBFRs),organophosphate esters(OPEs)and phthalate esters(PEs).Information about human exposure to these contaminants is needed due to existing data gaps on human exposure intakes from multiple exposure pathways and relationships between internal and external *** environment,food and biological samples were collected from 61 participants and their households in the Oslo area(Norway)on two consecutive days,during winter ***,dust,hand wipes,and duplicate diet(food and drink)samples were collected as indicators of external exposure,and blood,urine,blood spots,hair,nails and saliva as indicators of internal exposure.A food diary,food frequency questionnaire(FFQ)and indoor environment questionnaire were also *** 2000 samples were collected in total and participant views on their experiences of this campaign were collected via *** 91%of our participants were positive about future participation in a similar project,some tasks were viewed as *** the food diary and collection of duplicate food/drink portions were the tasksmost frequent reported as“hard”/“very hard”.Nevertheless,a strong positive correlation between the reported total mass of food/drinks in the food record and the total weight of the food/drinks in the collection bottles was observed,being an indication of accurate performance of the participants despite the challenges of the sampling campaign.

关键词： Biomonitoring Indoor environment Consumer products Diet Dust Non-invasive samples

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Comment on "On linking climate to Chinese dynastic change:spatial and temporal variations of monsoonal rain"

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Chinese science Bulletin 2010年第32期55卷 3734-3737页

作者： CHENG Hai EDWARDs R Lawrence haug Gerald H Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Geological Institute Department of Earth Sciences ETH Ziirich CH-8092 Ziirich Switzerland

An article by Zhang et al. questions the interpretation of our oxygen isotope record from Wanxiang Cave and the sediment titanium record from Lake Huguang Maar,and the possible linkage between climate change and Chinese culture. In response,we explain that their approach lacks logical rigor and their major argument is broadly consistent with,rather than contradictory to our original conclusions. We also note that climate-culture relationships similar to those that we observe in China have been observed for other cultures around the world.

关键词：气候变化时空变化中国雨水季风挂钩氧同位素记录中华文化

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Isolation by phage display and characterization of a single-chain antibody specific for O^6-methyldeoxyguanosine

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Chinese science Bulletin 2001年第12期46卷 1024-1029页

作者： DAI Heping ZHAO Rouhong haug Brenda sean M.Hemmingsen XIAO Wei Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China Plant Biotechnology Institute National Research Council of CanadaSaskatoonSK S7N OW9Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5E5Canada

New approaches of making single chain Fv antibodies against O6-methyl-2’ -deoxyguanosine (O6MdG) have been demonstrated by using the phage antibody display system. Using O6MdG as an antigen, 21 positive clones were identified by ELIsA from this library, one of which, designated H3, specifically binds to O6MdG with high affinity. The H3 scFv antibody has an affinity constant (Kaff) of 5.94×1011(mol/L)-1. H3 scFv has been successfully used to detect O6MdG in DNA hydrolyses from yeast or E. coli cells treated with a DNA methylating agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the selection of a specific scFv against DNA adducts. The results demonstrate the potential applications of the phage display technology for the detection of DNA lesions caused by mutagens and carcinogens.

关键词： O6-methyl-2’ -deoxyguanosine, phage display antibody, single chain Fv DNA adducts.

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Convective Filmwise Condensation of R-11 inside a Vertical Tube

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上海理工大学学报 1988年第3期 11-22页

作者： A.haug stuttgart Univ.F.R.G.

Partial condensation of refrigerant R-11 was experimentally and theoretically studied. The test apparatus consisted of two concentric tubes, with the vapor flowing downward in the inner tube and the cooling water in the annular space in countercurrent direction. By using the available dimensionless correlation, the mean heat transfer coefficient of the cooling water was determined, and then the mean condensationheat transfer coefficient was calculated from the overall heat transfer *** model of a homogeneous two-phase mixture of liquid and vapor, and Prandtl’s principle of analogy between the momentum and heat transfer were used to establish the type of the correlation. Adopting the methods of the gradually linear regression and F-level evidence testing, the present paper proposed the dimensionless correlation to predict the relationship among the mean Nusselt number, Prandtl number, Kutateladze number and the dimensionless tube length.

关键词： Refrigerant Filmwise condensation Heat transfer coefficient

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Wormholes Do Not Exist: They Are Mathematical Artifacts from an Incomplete Gravitational Theory

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2022年第3期8卷 517-526页

作者： Espen Gaarder haug Norwegian University of Life sciences &Aring s Norway

The schwarzschild solution to the Einstein field equation leads to a solution that has been interpreted as wormholes. While many researchers have been sceptical about this interpretation, others have been positive about it. We show that wormholes are not mathematically allowed in the spherical metric of a newly-released unified quantum gravity theory known as collision space-time [1] [2] [3]. We, therefore, have reasons to believe that wormholes in general relativity theory are nothing more than a mathematical artefact due to an incomplete theory, but we are naturally open to discussions about this point. The premise that wormholes likely do not exist falls nicely into line with a series of other intuitive predictions from collision space-time where general relativity theory falls short, such as matching the full spectrum of the Planck scale for micro “black holes”.

关键词： Wormholes General Relativity Quantum Gravity Collision space-Time

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The Two Relativistic Rydberg Formulas of suto and haug: Further Comments

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Journal of Modern Physics 2020年第12期11卷 1938-1949页

作者： Espen Gaarder haug Norwegian University of Life sciences &Aring s Norway

In a recent paper, we [1] discussed that suto [2] has pointed out an interesting relativistic extension of Rydberg’s formula. In that paper, we had slightly misunderstood suto’s approach, something we will comment on further here. The relativistic suto formula is actually derived from a theory where the standard relativistic momentum relation is changed. The relativistic Rydberg formula we presented and mistakenly thought was the same as suto’s formula is, on the other hand, derived to be fully consistent with the standard relativistic energy-momentum relation. Here we will point out the differences between the formulas and correct some errors in our previous paper. The paper should give deeper and better intuition about the Rydberg formula and what it represents.

关键词： Rydberg’s Formula Relativistic Extension Compton Wavelength

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squaring the Circle Is Possible When Taking into Consideration the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2023年第2期11卷 478-483页

作者： Espen Gaarder haug Norwegian University of Life sciences &#197s Norway

squaring the circle is one of the oldest challenges in mathematical geometry. In 1882, it was proven that π was transcendental, and the task of squaring the circle was considered impossible. Demonstrating that squaring the circle was not possible took place before discovering quantum mechanics. The purpose of this paper is to show that it is actually possible to square the circle when taking into account the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The conclusion is clear: it is possible to square the circle when taking into account the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

关键词： squaring the Circle Quantum Mechanics Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

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Not Relying on the Newton Gravitational Constant Gives More Accurate Gravitational Predictions

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2023年第10期11卷 3124-3158页

作者： Espen Gaarder haug Tempus Gravitational Laboratory &#197s Norway

The Newton gravitational constant is considered a cornerstone of modern gravity theory. Newton did not invent or use the gravity constant;it was invented in 1873, about the same time as it became standard to use the kilogram mass definition. We will claim that G is just a term needed to correct the incomplete kilogram definition so to be able to make gravity predictions. But there is another way;namely, to directly use a more complete mass definition, something that in recent years has been introduced as collision-time and a corresponding energy called collision-length. The collision-length is quantum gravitational energy. We will clearly demonstrate that by working with mass and energy based on these new concepts, rather than kilogram and the gravitational constant, one can significantly reduce the uncertainty in most gravity predictions.

关键词： Gravity Predictions Reduction of Errors Newton’s Gravitational Constant Collision space-Time Cavendish Apparatus Planck Length Planck Time

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Using a Grandfather Pendulum Clock to Measure the World’s shortest Time Interval, the Planck Time (With Zero Knowledge of <i>G</i>)

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2021年第5期9卷 1076-1088页

作者： Espen Gaarder haug Norwegian University of Life sciences &#197 s Norway

haug has recently introduced a new theory of unified quantum gravity coined “Collision space-Time”. From this new and deeper understanding of mass, we can also understand how a grandfather pendulum clock can be used to measure the world’s shortest time interval, namely the Planck time, indirectly, without any knowledge of G. Therefore, such a clock can also be used to measure the diameter of an indivisible particle indirectly. Further, such a clock can easily measure the schwarzschild radius of the gravity object and what we will call “schwarzschild time”. These facts basically prove that the Newton gravitational constant is not needed to find the Planck length or the Planck time;it is also not needed to find the schwarzschild radius. Unfortunately, there is significant inertia towards new ideas that could significantly alter our perspective on the fundamentals in the current physics establishment. However, this situation is not new in the history of science. still, the idea that the Planck time can be measured totally independently of any knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant could be very important for moving forward in physics. Interestingly, an old instrument that today is often thought of as primitive instrument can measure the world’s shortest possible time interval. No atomic clock or optical clock is even close to be able to do this.

关键词： Pendulum Clock Planck Time Planck Length Planck scale Planck Constant schwarzschild Radius schwarzschild Time Collision Time Newton’s Gravitational Constant Huygens

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Planck Units Measured Totally Independently of Big G

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Open Journal of Microphysics 2022年第2期12卷 55-85页

作者： Espen Gaarder haug Norwegian University of Life sciences &#197 s Norway

In this paper, we show how one can find the Planck units without any knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant, by mainly focusing on the use of a Cavendish apparatus to accomplish this. This is in strong contrast to the assumption that one needs to know G in order to find the Planck units. The work strongly supports the idea that gravity is directly linked to the Planck scale, as suggested by several quantum gravity theories. We further demonstrate that there is no need for the Planck constant in observable gravity phenomena despite quantization, and we also suggest that standard physics uses two different mass definitions without acknowledging them directly. The quantization in gravity is linked to the Planck length and Planck time, which again is linked to what we can call the number of Planck mass events. That is, quantization in gravity is not only a hypothesis, but something we can currently and actually detect and measure.

关键词： Planck Mass Newton’s Gravitational Constant Cavendish Apparatus Quantum Gravity

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