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Spontaneous Imbibition of Water and Determination of Effective Contact Angles in the Eagle Ford Shale Formation Using Neutron Imaging

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第5期28卷 874-887页

作者： Victoria H.DiStefano michael C.Cheshire Joanna mcFarlane lindsay m.kolbus Richard E.Hale Edmund Perfect Hassina Z.Bilheux Louis J.Santodonato Daniel S.Hussey David L.Jacobson Jacob m.Lamanna Philip R.Bingham Vitaliy Starchenko Lawrence m.Anovitz Physical Sciences Directorate Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Bredesen Center University of Tennessee Energy & Environmental Sciences Directorate Energy & Transportation Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Neutron Sciences Directorate Chemical and Engineering Materials Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Nuclear Science & Engineering Directorate Reactor & Nuclear Systems Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Department of Earth and Planetary Science University of Tennessee Neutron Sciences Directorate Instrument and Source Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Physical measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Energy & Environmental Sciences Directorate Electrical & Electronics Systems Research DivisionOak Ridge National Laboratory

Understanding of fundamental processes and prediction of optimal parameters during the horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing process results in economically effective improvement of oil and natural gas extraction. Although modern analytical and computational models can capture fracture growth, there is a lack of experimental data on spontaneous imbibition and wettability in oil and gas reservoirs for the validation of further model development. In this work, we used neutron im- aging to measure the spontaneous imbibition of water into fractures of Eagle Ford shale with known geometries and fracture orientations. An analytical solution for a set of nonlinear second-order diffe- rential equations was applied to the measured imbibition data to determine effective contact angles. The analytical solution fit the measured imbibition data reasonably well and determined effective con- tact angles that were slightly higher than static contact angles due to effects of in-situ changes in veloci- ty, surface roughness, and heterogeneity of mineral surfaces on the fracture surface. Additionally, small fracture widths may have retarded imbibition and affected model fits, which suggests that aver- age fracture widths are not satisfactory for modeling imbibition in natural systems.

关键词： spontaneous imbibition effective contact angle neutron imaging Eagle Ford shale rock fractures.

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Development and application of feature engineered geological layers for ranking magmatic,volcanogenic,and orogenic system components in Archean greenstone belts

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 251-273页

作者： R.m.montsion S.Perrouty m.D.lindsay m.W.Jessell R.Sherlock mineral Exploration Research Centre Harquail School of Earth SciencesGoodman School of MinesLaurentian UniversitySudburyOntario P3E 2C6Canada Centre for Exploration Targeting School of Earth SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley 6009Australia Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Mineral Resources26 Dick Perry AveKensingtonWA 6151Australia ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments(DARE) Perth and SydneyAustralia

Geologically representative feature engineering is a crucial component in geoscientific applications of machine *** commonly applied feature engineering techniques used to produce input variables for machine learning apply geological knowledge to generic data science techniques,which can lead to ambiguity,geological oversimplification,and/or compounding subjective *** that utilize minimally processed input variables attempt to overcome these issues,but often lead to convoluted and uninterpretable *** address these challenges,new and enhanced feature engineering methods were developed by combining geological knowledge,understanding of data limitations,and a variety of data science *** include non-Euclidean fluid pre-deformation path distance,rheological and chemical contrast,geologically constrained interpolation of characteristic host rock geochemistry,interpolation of mobile element gain/loss,assemblages,magnetic intensity,structural complexity,host rock physical *** methods were applied to compiled open-source and new field observations from Archean greenstone terranes in the Abitibi and western Wabigoon sub-provinces of the Superior Province near Timmins and Dryden,Ontario,*** feature maps represent conceptually significant components in magmatic,volcanogenic,and orogenic mineral systems.A comparison of ranked feature importance from random forests to conceptual mineral system models show that the feature maps adequately represent system components,with a few exceptions attributed to biased training data or limited constraint *** study also highlights the shared importance of several highly ranked features for the three mineral systems,indicating that spatially related mineral systems exploit the same features when *** feature importance when classifying orogenic Au mineralization in Timmins and Dryden provides insights into the possible cause of contrasting endowment be

关键词： machine learning Random forests mineral systems magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE Volcanogenic massive Sulfide(VmS)Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag(-Au) Orogenic Au Abitibi Wabigoon

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Incorporating conceptual and interpretation uncertainty to mineral prospectivity modelling

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1383-1396页

作者： J.N.Burkin m.D.lindsay S.A.Occhipinti E.-J.Holden Centre for Exploration Targeting School of Earth SciencesThe University of Western Australia

Prospectivity analyses are used to reduce the exploration search space for locating areas prospective for mineral *** scale of a study and the type of mineral system associated with the deposit control the evidence layers used as proxies that represent critical ore genesis *** particular,knowledge-driven approaches(fuzzy logic)use a conceptual mineral systems model from which data proxies represent the critical *** typically vary based on the scale of study and the type of mineral system being *** analyses utilising interpreted data to represent proxies for a mineral system model inherit the subjectivity of the interpretations and the uncertainties of the evidence layers used in the *** the case study presented,the prospectivity for remobilised nickel sulphide(NiS)in the west Kimberley,Western Australia,is assessed with two novel techniques that objectively grade interpretations and accommodate alternative mineralisation *** targets are then identified and supplied with a robustness assessment that reflects the variability of prospectivity value for each location when all models are *** first technique grades the strength of structural interpretations on an individual line-segment *** are obtained from an objective measure of feature evidence,which is the quantification of specific patterns in geophysical data that are considered to reveal underlying *** structures are weighted in the prospectivity model with grading values correlated to their feature *** technique allows interpreted features to contribute prospectivity proportional to their strength in feature evidence and indicates the level of associated stochastic *** second technique aims to embrace the systemic uncertainty of modelling complex mineral *** this approach,multiple prospectivity maps are each generated with different combinations of confidence values applied

关键词： Prospectivity Confidence Uncertainty multiple models mineral exploration Nickel

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Seed value influences cache pilfering rates by desert rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 75-86页

作者： Stephen B.VANDER WALL lindsay A.DImITRI William S.LONGLAND Joseph D.m.WHITE Department of Biology and Program in Ecology Evolution and Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoUSA USDA Agricultural Research ServiceRenoNevadaUSA Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape TownCape TownRepublic of South Africa

Some rodents gather and store *** many seeds they gather and how they treat those seeds is largely determined by seed traits such as mass,nutrient content,hardness of the seed coat,presence of secondary compounds,and germination *** their consumption and dispersal of seeds,rodents act as agents of natural selection on seed traits,and those traits influence how rodents *** seeds that are scatter-hoarded by rodents are pilfered,or stolen,by other rodents,and seed traits also likely influence pilfering rates and seed fates of pilfered *** clarify coevolutionary relationships between rodents and the plants that they disperse,one needs to understand the role of seed traits in rodent foraging *** compared how the seeds of 4 species of plants that are dispersed by scatter-hoarding animals and that differ in value(singleleaf piñon pine,Pinus monophylla;desert peach,Prunus andersonii;antelope bitterbrush,Purshia tridentata;Utah juniper,Juniperus osteosperma)were pilfered and recached by *** hundred artificial caches of the 4 seed species(25 per species)were prepared,and removal by rodents was *** pilfered high-value seeds more rapidly than the other *** peach seeds,which contain toxic secondary compounds,were more frequently *** low value seeds like Utah juniper and antelope bitterbrush were pil-fered more slowly and were sometimes left at cache sites,and seeds of the latter species were transported shorter distances to new cache *** background density of seeds also appeared to influence the relative value of seeds.

关键词： desert rodents food storage granivory pilfering scatter-hoarding seed dispersal seed traits

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Assessing the impact of conceptual mineral systems uncertainty on prospectivity predictions

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 182-207页

作者： mark D lindsay Agnieszka m.Piechocka mark W Jessell Richard Scalzo Jeremie Giraud Guillaume Pirot Edward Cripps Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Mineral Resources Australian Resources Research CentreWA 6151Australia mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre Centre for Exploration TargetingSchool of Earth SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia ARC Centre for Data Analytics for Resources and Environments(DARE) Perth and SydneyAustralia University of Sydney School of Mathematics and StatisticsSydneyAustralia Universitéde Lorraine GeoRessourcesCNRS54000 NancyFrance The University of Western Australia Department of Mathematics and StatisticsPerthAustralia

The past two decades have seen a rapid adoption of artificial intelligence methods applied to mineral exploration. more recently, the easier acquisition of some types of data has inspired a broad literature that has examined many machine learning and modelling techniques that combine exploration criteria,or ’features’, to generate predictions for mineral prospectivity. Central to the design of prospectivity models is a ’mineral system’, a conceptual model describing the key geological elements that control the timing and location of economic mineralisation. The mineral systems model defines what constitutes a training set, which features represent geological evidence of mineralisation, how features are engineered and what modelling methods are used. mineral systems are knowledge-driven conceptual models, thus all parameter choices are subject to human biases and opinion so alternative models are ***, the effect of alternative mineral systems models on prospectivity is rarely compared despite the potential to heavily influence final predictions. In this study, we focus on the effect of conceptual uncertainty on Fe ore prospectivity models in the Hamersley region, Western Australia. Four important considerations are tested.(1) Five different supergene and hypogene conceptual mineral systems models guide the inputs for five forest-based classification prospectivity models model.(2) To represent conceptual uncertainty, the predictions are then combined for prospectivity model comparison.(3)Representation of three-dimensional objects as two-dimensional features are tested to address commonly ignored thickness of geological units.(4) The training dataset is composed of known economic mineralisation sites(deposits) as ’positive’ examples, and exploration drilling data providing ’negative’sampling locations. Each of the spatial predictions are assessed using independent performance metrics common to AI-based classification methods and subjected to geological pl

关键词： Uncertainty modelling Prospectivity Economic geology Geological plausibility Forest-based classification

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A machine learning approach for regional geochemical data:Platinum-group element geochemistry vs geodynamic settings of the North Atlantic Igneous Province

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 42-59页

作者： Jordan J.lindsay Hannah S.R.Hughes Christopher m.Yeomans Jens C.Ø.Andersen Iain mcDonald Camborne School of mines University of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynCornwall TR109FEUnited Kingdom School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Main CollegeCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiff CF103ATUnited Kingdom

Whilst traditional approaches to geochemistry provide valuable insights into magmatic processes such as melting and element fractionation,by considering entire regional data sets on an objective basis using machine learning algorithms(mLAs),we can highlight new facets within the broader data structure and significantly enhance previous geochemical *** platinum-group element(PGE)budget of lavas in the North Atlantic Igneous Province(NAIP)has been shown to vary systematically according to age,geographic location and geodynamic *** the large multi-element geochemical data set available for the region,mLAs were employed to explore the magmatic controls on these shifting *** key advantage of using machine learning in analysis is its ability to cluster samples across multi-dimensional(i.e.,multi-element)*** NAIP data set is manipulated using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding(t-SNE)techniques to increase separability in the data alongside clustering using the k-means *** new multi-element classification is compared to the original geographic classification to assess the performance of both *** workflow provides a means for creating an objective high-dimensional investigation on a geochemical data set and particularly enhances the identification of metallogenic anomalies across the *** techniques used highlight three distinct multi-element end-members which successfully capture the variability of the majority of elements included as input *** end-members are seen to fluctuate in prominence throughout the NAIP,which we propose reflects the changing geodynamic environment and melting ***,the variability of Pt and Pd are not reflected in mLA-based clustering trends,suggesting that they vary independently through controls not readily demonstrated by the NAIP major or trace element data structure(i.e.,other proxies for magmatic differe

关键词： Platinum-group elements machine learning Plume Geochemistry metallogenesis mantle

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Human-Animal Interactions in Disaster Settings:A Systematic Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第3期14卷 369-381页

作者： Haorui Wu lindsay K.Heyland mandy Yung maryam Schneider School of Social Work Faculty of HealthDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 4R2Canada Department of Psychology Mount Saint Vincent UniversityHalifaxNSB3M2J6Canada

This systematic review aimed to assess the current knowledge of human-animal interactions(HAIs)in disaster settings and identify areas for future research.A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analyses search was conducted on three multidisciplinary databases,identifying English-language journal articles published between January 2000and February 2022 that explored the benefits of and challenges associated with HAI in disasters and *** review analyzed 94 articles using both quantitative and qualitative *** review found a paucity of universal terminology to describe the bidirectional relationship between humans and animals during disasters and a failure to include all animal types in every stage of disaster and emergency ***,research predominantly focused on the health and well-being benefits of HAI for humans rather than *** to promote social and environmental justice for humans and their co-inhabitants should support the welfare of both humans and animals in disaster *** recommendations were developed based on these findings to increase the inclusion of HAI in research,policy,and *** of the review included the exclusion of pre-2000 articles and all grey literature,limited research examining different combinations of animal and disaster types,and limited research outside of North America.

关键词： Emergency management Hazards and disaster research Human-animal bonds Human-animal interactions Human-animal welfare Inclusive Literature review

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Optogenetic inhibition of medial prefrontal cortex projections to the nucleus accumbens core and methyl supplementation via L-methionine attenuates cocaine-primed reinstatement

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 795-803页

作者： Katherine N.WRIGHT Amanda m.DOSSAT Caroline E.STRONG lindsay L.SAILER Samantha m.PAVLOCK mohamed KABBAJ Department of Biomedical Sciences and Program in Neuroscience Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA National Institute on Drug Abuse BaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Biomedical Sciences College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA

DNA methylation has been identified as a powerful and activity-dependent regulator of changes in the brain that may underlie neuroadaptations in response to various types of stimuli,including exposure to drugs of ***,the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)projections to the nucleus accumbens(NAc)are critically important for reinstated cocaine-seeking in a rodent model of cocaine *** circuitry undergoes several epigenetic modifications following cocaine exposure,including changes in DNA methylation that are associated with drug-seeking *** have previously shown that methyl supplementation via L-methionine(mET)administration attenuates cocaine-seeking behavior and reverses expression and methylation patterns of the immediate early gene c-fos,suggesting that mET may act by altering the excitability of this circuitry during cocaine *** the current study,male rats were microinjected with an adeno-associated virus overexpressing halorhodopsin in the mPFC,optical fibers were surgically implanted into the NAc,and the rats were given injections of mET *** underwent acquisition of cocaine self-administration(0.75 mg/kg/infusion,2-h sessions)followed by extinction training in the absence of drug-paired *** reinstatement tests were conducted:cue-induced reinstatement without optogenetic manipulations and cocaine-primed reinstatement with optogenetic inhibition of mPFC-to-NAc *** were no group differences before the cocaine-primed reinstatement session,and all groups showed robust cue-induced *** rats treated with mET and rats that received mPFC-to-NAc inhibition showed an abolishment of cocaine-primed reinstatement,suggesting that systemic methyl supplementation may act through this critical circuity.

关键词： cocaine-primed reinstatement corticolimbic DNA methylation methionine optogenetics

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Repeatability of decision-making behaviour in male threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus： Effects of dummy vs. live stimuli

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Current Zoology 2011年第1期57卷 101-108页

作者： Teresa L. DZIEWECZYNSKI lindsay m. FORRETTE Department of Psychology University of New England 11 Hills Beach Rd Biddeford ME 04005 USA

Individuals select from a number of behaviours when responding to various situations and the decisions they make may affect their fitness. The costs and benefits of these responses vary among individuals causing them to differ even in identical situations. One example of this type of situation is when territorial males encounter both a male and female simultaneously, gene- rating a trade-off that likely leads to individual differences due to differing costs of various actions among males. This situation commonly occurs in threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. However, for selection to act effectively, individuals must behave in a consistent manner and measuring repeatability can aid in understanding how selection may shape such trade-offs. males of this species exhibit consistent individual differences in their response to dummy males and females but it is unknown ff patterns are similar when feedback from the stimuli is present. To assess this, male threespine stickleback were tested with dummy and live male and female conspecifics, presented separately and simultaneously. While the same trends were found re- gardless of stimulus type, males were more aggressive towards the live conspecifics than to the dummies. Repeatability values were similar within a treatment regardless of whether live or dummy conspecifics were used, suggesting that individuals show the same level of consistency. This study adds to our understanding of consistent individual differences by demonstrating that feed- back may not affect responses to conflicting stimuli and that male threespine stickleback respond in a consistent manner to both dummy and live stimuli

关键词： Decision-making Stimulus efficacy Behavioural consistency Repeatability Threespine stickleback

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E-Cigarette Vapor Decreases Cellular Proliferation through Nicotine-Dependent mechanisms

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2019年第7期7卷 121-134页

作者： Stefanie Rigg lindsay m. Gielda Purdue University Northwest Westville IN USA

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has risen as individuals look for healthier nicotine delivery systems than conventional cigarettes, but recent studies have demonstrated variable physiological responses to e-cigarette vapor. The safety of e-cigarette vapor remains an open question. We investigated the molecular cellular response of adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells to flavored e-cigarette vapor. E-cigarette and cigarette vapor were extracted via a vacuum-percolating system into PBS. The effects of a flavored e-liquid containing nicotine (eCSE) and nicotine free e-liquid (NFeCSE) were compared to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), pure nicotine, glycerol, and PBS. Cells exposed to eCSE and NFeCSE had decreased cell viability and proliferation. An increase in active caspase-3 was observed in cells exposed to NFeCSE, while cells exposed to eCSE and CSE displayed no change, suggesting nicotine-mediated protection from apoptosis. However, phosphorylated Akt, which regulates cellular proliferation, was elevated in response to eCSE, NFeCSE, CSE, and glycerol. As the glutathione-oxidative stress response was known to integrate cellular factors including carcinogenesis, inflammation, and cell proliferation, GSH/GSSG levels were measured in cells exposed to e-cigarette smoke. An increase in oxidative stress was observed in cells treated with CSE, but not eCSE, suggesting components in CSE independent of nicotine may be contributing to an imbalance in the stress response. These results indicate e-cigarette vapor affects A549 cell viability dependent on nicotine, and is distinct from CSE-induced mechanisms of oxidative-stress.

关键词： E-Cigarettes Oxidative Stress Nicotine Apoptosis

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