Esophagectomy is considered the primary form of management for esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC);however,the surgery is associated with high rates of morbidity and *** patients with early-stage EAC,endoscopic resection(E...
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Esophagectomy is considered the primary form of management for esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC);however,the surgery is associated with high rates of morbidity and *** patients with early-stage EAC,endoscopic resection(ER)presents a potential curative treatment option that is less invasive and carries fewer risks procedure related risks,but it is associated with higher rates of cancer recurrence following the *** some patients,age and comorbidities may prevent them from having esophagectomy as a treatment option,while other patients may be operative candidates but do not wish to undergo esophagectomy for a variety of reasons related to their values and ***,while anxiety of cancer recurrence following ER may significantly diminish a patient’s quality of life(QOL),so might the morbidity surrounding *** addition to considering health status,patient preferences,and impacts on QOL,physicians and patients must also consider what treatments would be both beneficial and available to the patient,considering esophagectomy methods-minimally invasive vs open-or the use of chemoradiotherapy in addition to *** article reviews and summarizes available treatment options for patients with early EAC and their potential effects on the health and wellbeing of patients based on the current *** conclude with a request for more research of available options for early EAC patients,the conditions that determine when each option should be employed,and their effects not only on patient health but also QOL.
Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon *** traits measuring vegetative growth,yield,b...
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Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon *** traits measuring vegetative growth,yield,berry quality,and nutrient uptake were collected at the beginning(1995 to 1999)and end(2017 to 2020)of the lifetime of a vineyard initially planted in 1991 and removed in 2021.X-ray Computed Tomography(CT)was used to measure ring widths in 103 *** width was modeled as a function of ring number using a negative exponential *** and late wood ring widths,cambium width,and scion trunk radius were correlated with 27 *** of annual ring width shows that scions alter the width of the first rings but that rootstocks alter the decay of later rings,consistently shortening ring width throughout the lifetime of the *** index,juice pH,photosynthetic assimilation and transpiration rates,and instantaneous water use efficiency are correlated with scion trunk ***,our research indicates that rootstocks modulate secondary growth over years,altering physiology and agronomic *** act in similar but distinct ways from climate to modulate ring width,which borrowing techniques from dendrochronology,can be used to monitor both genetic and environmental effects in woody perennial crop species.
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