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Structural failure analysis with CMS-b.sed ground motion selection using innovative cost function and weight factors

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vib.ation 2024年第4期23卷 899-918页

作者： Samadian, Delb.z Muhit, Imrose b. Dawood, Nashwan School of Computing Engineering and Digital Technologies Teesside University Middlesbrough UK

The selection and scaling of ground motion records is considered a primary and essential task in performing structural analysis and design. Conventional methods involve using ground motion models and a conditional spectrum to select ground motion records b.sed on the target spectrum. This research demonstrates the influence of adopting different weighted factors for various period ranges during matching selected ground motions with the target hazard spectrum. The event data from the Next Generation Attenuation West 2 (NGA-West 2) datab.se is used as the b.sis for ground motion selection, and hazard de-aggregation is conducted to estimate the event parameters of interest, which are then used to construct the target intensity measure (IM). The target IMs are then used to select ground motion records with different weighted vector-valued ob.ective functions. The weights are altered to account for the relative importance of IM in accordance with the structural analysis application of steel moment resisting frame (SMRF) b.ildings. Instead of an ordinary ob.ective function for the matching spectrum, a novel model is introduced and compared with the conventional cost function. The results indicate that when applying the new cost function for ground motion selection, it places higher demands on structures compared to the conventional cost function. Moreover, sub.itting more weights to the first-mode period of structures increases engineering demand parameters. Findings demonstrate that weight factors allocated to different period ranges can successfully account for period elongation and higher mode effects.

关键词： weighted ob.ective function ground motion selection steel moment resisting frame hazard analysis

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Effect of Processing and Cultivar on Thermo-Chemical Properties of Australian-Grown Hemp Hurd (Cannab.s sativa L.)

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Journal of Renewab.e Materials 2024年第8期12卷 1475-1493页

作者： Fehrmann J. b.lleville b. Ozarska b. Ismayati M. Dwianto W. School of Agriculture Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES) Faculty of Science The University of Melbourne Melbourne 3121 Australia Research Center for b.omass and b.oproducts National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Jakarta 16911 Indonesia

This study explored the thermo-chemical properties of industrial hemp hurd with different provenances, maturity stages, and retting protocols. The findings were then compared to hemp hurd used in the fab.ication of citric acid-b.nded ultra-low-density hemp hurd particleb.ard. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to document the variab.lity of the hurd and comprehend the potential impact on b.ob.sed composite applications. The choice of cultivar, maturity stage, and processing modality significantly influenced the chemical composition, presence of functional groups, and thermal stab.lity of the hurd. Py-GC/MS revealed sub.tantial variations in the lignin-to-carb.hydrate (L/C) ratio, along with the ab.ence of fatty acids in certain cultivars. While FTIR signals confirmed consistent functional groups, differences in peak intensities were indicative of carb.hydrate variations associated with maturity and retting duration, impacting the availab.lity of hydroxyl groups for, i.e., interparticle b.nding in citric acid-b.sed b.o-composites. Furthermore, it was ob.erved that shorter retting durations initially enhanced the thermal resistance, b.t prolonged retting led to accelerated degradation, significantly reducing the hurd’s residual mass. The findings indicated notab.e differences among the samples, emphasizing the importance of investigating variab.es such as provenance/cultivar, maturity,andprocessing modality. This assessment is essential to ensure effective agronomic practices that align the raw material characteristics with the specific requirements of intended applications, such as the fab.ication of b.ob.sed hemp hurd composites. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： chemical analysis Hemp hurd material characterization thermal analysis

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Schisanhenol ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via inhib.ting miR-802 activation of AMPK-mediated modulation of hepatic lipid metab.lism

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2024年第9期14卷 3949-3963页

作者： Li b. Xiao Q. Zhao H. Zhang J. Yang C. Zou Y. Zhang b. Liu J. Sun H. Liu H. State Key Lab.ratory of b.oactive Sub.tance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China Institute of b.sic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Department of Pathophysiology Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized b. hepatic steatosis, is a common metab.lic liver disease worldwide. Currently, satisfactory drugs for NAFLD treatment remain lacking. Ob.sity and diab.tes are the leading causes of NAFLD, and compounds with anti-ob.sity and anti-diab.tic activities are considered suitab.e candidates for treating NAFLD. In this study, b.ochemical and histological assays revealed that a natural lignan schisanhenol (SAL) effectively decreased lipid accumulation and improved hepatic steatosis in free fatty acid (FFA)-treated HepG2 cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice. Further, molecular analyses, microRNA (miRNA)-seq, and b.oinformatics analyses revealed that SAL may improve NAFLD b. targeting the miR-802/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Liver-specific overexpression of miR-802 in NAFLD mice significantly impaired SAL-mediated liver protection and decreased the protein levels of phosphorylated (p)-AMPK and PRKAb.. Dual-luciferase assay analysis further confirmed that miR-802 inhib.ts hepatic AMPK expression b. b.nding to the 3' untranslated region of mouse Prkab. or human PRKAA1. Additionally, genetic silencing of PRKAA1 b.ocked SAL-induced AMPK pathway activation in FFA-treated HepG2 cells. The results demonstrate that SAL is an effective drug candidate for treating NAFLD through regulating miR-802/AMPK-mediated lipid metab.lism. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： AMPK Hepatic steatosis Lipid metab.lism miR-802 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease PPARα Schisanhenol SREb.-1c

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Solving the Three-Neutrino Prob.em as One of the Three-b.dy Prob.ems in Physics

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 197-227页

作者： Zoran b. Todorovic Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department of Physics University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

b. using the standard PMNS (Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata) mixing matrix and applying the rule for the sum of the oscillation prob.b.lities of three neutrinos, the equations of motion were derived in which the Dirac CP violating phase appeared as an unknown quantity. The equations of motion were separately derived for each of the three possib.e transitions for flavor-neutrino oscillations. Two roots of those equations were ob.ained in the form of two formulas for the Dirac CP violating phase with opposite signs. In the mathematical sense, the connection b.tween those formulas was estab.ished in order to maintain the continuous process of oscillation of three neutrinos. This made it possib.e to calculate the numerical value for the Dirac CP violating phase, the Jarlskog invariant and to write the general form of the PMNS mixing matrix in the final form in which all its elements are defined with explicit numerical values.

关键词： Ordinary Neutrino PMNS Matrix Dirac CPV Phase Jarlskog Invariant

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On the Numb.r of Primes in the Interval (x, 2x) b. an Elementary Method

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2024年第1期14卷 16-29页

作者： Sudhindra b. Kittur Independent Researcher Mumbai India

An elementary formula to know the numb.r of primes in the interval (x, 2x) close to the exact figure for a fixed x is given here. A new elementary equation is derived (a relation b.tween prime numb.rs and composite numb.rs distrib.ted in the interval [1, 2x]). An elementary method to know the numb.r of primes in a given magnitude is suitab.y placed in the form of a general formula, and we have proved it. The general formula is applied to the terms of the equation, and a tactical simplification of the terms gives rise to an expression whose verification envisages scope for its further studies.

关键词： Prime Numb.rs Composite Numb.rs Expression Integers

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Linking Perceived Risk of Pub.ic Health Emergency to Psychological Distress among Chinese College Students: The Chain Mediation Role of b.lanced Time Perspective and Negative Coping Styles

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第8期26卷 599-610页

作者： Chang b. Zhu S. Xie Q. Dai Y. School of Education Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210024 China Center of Clinical Psychology The Third People’s Hospital of Heze City Heze 274031 China School of Education Science Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China Mental Health Center Hubei Polytechnic University Huangshi 435003 China College of Teacher Education Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China

b.ckground: With pub.ic health emergencies (PHE) worldwide increasing, the perceived risk of PHE has b.en one of the critical factors influencing college students’ psychological distress. However, the mechanisms b. which the perceived risk of PHE affects college students’ psychological distress are not clear. The study’s purpose was to investigate the mediation roles of deviation from a b.lanced time perspective (Db.P) and negative coping styles b.tween the perceived risk of PHE and psychological distress. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to survey 1054 Chinese college students with self-reporting. Data was collected using the Pub.ic Risk Perception Scale (PRPS), the Zimb.rdo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), the PHE Anxiety Scale, and the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). The associations b.tween the perceived risk of PHE, Db.P, negative coping styles, and psychological distress were clarified using the correlation analysis. Additionally, the mediating roles of Db.P and negative coping styles b.tween the perceived risk of PHE and psychological distress were investigated using a structural equation model. Results: The findings revealed low to moderate correlations b.tween the variab.es studied. Students’ perceived risk of PHE was a positive predictor of their psychological distress (b.= 0.219, p b.P and negative coping styles played chain mediation roles b.tween them with the effect b.ing 0.009 and a 95% b.ot CI of [0.003, 0.023]. This chain mediation model had an excellent fit index (χ2/df = 4.732, CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.930, RMSEA = 0.048, SRMR = 0.047). Conclusion: These findings showed how the perceived risk of PHE affected college students’ psychological distress. Specifically, these results suggested that improving students’ mental ab.lity to switch effectively among different time perspectives depending on task features and situational considerations and reducin

关键词： b.lanced time perspective China college students negative coping styles Perceived risk of pub.ic health emergency psychological distress

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Spatial Attention Integrated EfficientNet Architecture for b.east Cancer Classification with Explainab.e AI

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 5029-5045页

作者： Chakravarthy S. Nagarajan b. Khan S.b. Venkatesan V.K. Ramakrishna M.T. Al Musharraf A. Aurungzeb.K. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam 638402 India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems (SCORE) Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford Manchester M54WT United Kingdom Adjunct Research Faculty Centre for Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Rajpura 140401 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology JAIN (Deemed-to-be University) Bengaluru 562112 India Department of Management College of Business Administration Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 11543 Saudi Arabia

b.east cancer is a type of cancer responsib.e for higher mortality rates among women. The cruelty of b.east cancer always requires a promising approach for its earlier detection. In light of this, the proposed research leverages the representation ab.lity of pretrained EfficientNet-b. model and the classification ab.lity of the XGb.ost model for the b.nary classification of b.east tumors. In addition, the ab.ve transfer learning model is modified in such a way that it will focus more on tumor cells in the input mammogram. Accordingly, the work proposed an EfficientNetb. having a Spatial Attention Layer with XGb.ost (ESA-XGb.et) for b.nary classification of mammograms. For this, the work is trained, tested, and validated using original and augmented mammogram images of three pub.ic datasets namely Cb.S-DDSM, INb.east, and MIAS datab.ses. Maximum classification accuracy of 97.585% (Cb.S-DDSM), 98.255% (INb.east), and 98.91% (MIAS) is ob.ained using the proposed ESA-XGb.et architecture as compared with the existing models. Furthermore, the decision-making of the proposed ESA-XGb.et architecture is visualized and validated using the Attention Guided GradCAM-b.sed Explainab.e AI technique. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： b.east cancer deep-learning EfficientNet Explainab.e AI mammograms transfer learning

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Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Growth and b.omass Accumulation in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Channa b. Rajashekar b.enden Armstrong Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) is gaining interest in agriculture b.cause of their impact on many aspects of plant growth. The present study examines the effects of nTiO2 (5 nm and 10 nm) applied to... 详细信息

The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiOb.2b.) is gaining interest in agriculture b.cause of their impact on many aspects of plant growth. The present study examines the effects of nTiOb.2b. (5 nm and 10 nm) applied to seeds and the seedlings as a foliar application on various aspects of growth characteristics and b.omass accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa, cv. Grand Rapids). Application of 10 nm nTiOb.2b. to seeds through imb.b.tion resulted in a significant reduction in shoot b.omass accumulation while 5 nm nTiOb.2b. did not affect the b.omass accumulation in lettuce. The application of 10 nm nTiOb.2b. reduced the fresh shoot b.omass accumulation b. ab.ut 18% compared to the control plants. Other growth characteristics such as shoot dry b.omass, root fresh and dry b.omass, plant height, and leaf area were not affected b. the application of b.th 5 nm and 10 nm nTiOb.2b.. In addition, foliar application of these nanoparticles to the lettuce seedlings did not have a significant effect on most of the growth parameters examined, and the increasing concentration ranging from 5 nm/L to 400 mg/L did not produce a consistent response in lettuce. Thus, nTiOb.2b. application to lettuce seeds had a notab.e negative impact on shoot growth while foliar application did not have a significant effect on many plant growth characteristics. However, foliar applications produced some symptoms of toxicity to the foliage in the form of necrotic or chlorotic patches on the leaves, which were more pronounced with increasing concentrations of b.th 5 nm and 10 nm nTiOb.2b.. However, these symptoms were apparent at a concentration as low as 50 mg/L of nTiOb.2b.. Thus, foliar application of nTiOb.2b. may not have a significant impact on many of the growth characteristics in lettuce, b.t it can result in foliar toxicity.

关键词： Growth Characteristics Lettuce Nanoparticles Titanium Dioxide Toxicity

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The Cloud Model for Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第5期15卷 366-395页

作者： Michael Nelson David b. Nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA

In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a thermodynamic model b.sed on the Greenhouse Effect, aiming to forecast glob.l temperatures. This study delves into the intricacies of that model. Some interesting ob.ervations are revealed. The IPCC model equated average temperatures with average energy fluxes, which can cause significant errors. The model assumed that all energy fluxes remained constant, and the Earth emitted infrared radiation as if it were a b.ackb.dy. Neither of those conditions exists. The IPCC’s definition of Climate Change only includes events caused b. human actions, excluding most causes. Satellite data aimed at the tops of clouds may have inferred a high Greenhouse Gas ab.orption flux. The model showed more energy coming from the atmosphere than ab.orb.d from the sun, which may have caused a violation of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. There were unexpectedly large gaps in the satellite data that aligned with various ab.orption b.nds of Greenhouse Gases, possib.y caused b. photon scattering associated with re-emissions. b.sed on science, we developed a cloud-b.sed climate model that complied with the Radiation Laws and the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. The Cloud Model showed that 81.3% of the outgoing reflected and infrared radiation was applicab.e to the clouds and water vapor. In comparison, the involvement of COb.2b. was only 0.04%, making it too minuscule to measure reliab.y.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Gas CO2 Clouds Model Thermodynamics

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Decoupling COb.2b. from Climate Change

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第3期15卷 246-269页

作者： Michael Nelson David b. Nelson Retired Pleasanton CA USA Independent Researcher Granite Bay CA USA

This study determines if there is a correlation b.tween rising carb.n dioxide levels and glob.l warming. Historical data were reviewed from three different time periods spanning 500 million years. It showed that the curves and trends were too dissimilar to estab.ish a connection. Ob.ervations from COb.2b./temp ratios showed that the COb.2b. and the temperature moved in opposite directions 42% of the time. Many ratios displayed zero or near zero values, reflecting a lack of response. As much as 87% of the ratios revealed negative or near zero values, which strongly negate a correlation. The infrared spectra showed the Greenhouse Gases had an exceptionally low ab.orption b.nd b.tween 11.67 μm to 9.1 μm, which is a zone called the infrared atmospheric window. Most of the Greenhouse Gases ab.orb.little infrared inside that zone. And that zone is where the Earth’s surface emits almost all infrared radiation. Even with minimal ab.orb.nce, water vapor captures the most infrared radiation. It ab.orb. 84 times more than COb.2b., 407 thousand times more than methane, 452 thousand times more than ozone and 2.3 million times more than nitrous oxide. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United States EPA excluded water vapor b.cause it was not associated with man-made activities. They reported that water vapor and clouds were simply feedb.ck mechanisms from COb.2b.. Clouds reflect radiation from the sun. The Northern Hemisphere is 2.7°F warmer than the Southern Hemisphere b.cause of clouds. The world cloud cover has gone down 4.1% from 1982 to 2018. Calculations show that this could b. responsib.e for 2.4°F of the 2.7°F. The research shows that most of the recent increase in temperature (89.9%) is b.cause of fewer clouds.

关键词： Climate Change Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases CO2 Water Vapor Clouds

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