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Universities as catalysts of social innovation in health systems in low-and middle-income countries: a multi-country case study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 151-151页

作者： lindi van niekerk Don Pascal Mathanga Noel Juban Diana Maria Castro-Arroyave Dina Balabanova The Bertha Centre for Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship University of Cape Town Graduate School of BusinessCape TownSouth Africa London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine LondonUK The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Medicine(TDR) GenevaSwitzerland University of Malawi College of MedicineBlantyreMalawi University of the Philippines School of MedicineManilathe Philippines Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas(CIDEIM) CaliColombia ICESI University CaliColombia

Background Social innovation(SI)in health holds potential to contribute to health systems strengthening and universal health coverage(UHC).The role of universities in SI has been well described in the context of high-income *** evidence gap exits on SI in healthcare delivery in the context of low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)as well as on the engagement of universities from these *** is thus a need to build capacity for research and engagement in SI in healthcare delivery within these *** aim of this study was to examine the adoption and implementation of network of university hubs focused on SI in healthcare delivery within five countries across Africa,Asia and Latin *** objectives were to describe the model,components and implementation process of the hubs;identify the enablers and barriers experienced and draw implications that could be relevant to other LMIC universities interested in *** A case study design was adopted to study the implementation process of a network of university *** from documentation,team discussions and post-implementation surveys were collected from 2013 to 2018 and analysed with aid of a modified policy analysis ***/discussion SI university-based hubs serve as cross-disciplinary and cross-sectoral platforms,established to catalyse SI within the local health system through four core activities:research,community-building,storytelling and institutional embedding,and adhering to values of inclusion,assets,co-creation and *** were implemented as informal structures,managed by a small core team,in existing *** of hub implementation and functioning were the availability of strong in-country social networks,legitimacy attained from being part of a global network on SI in health and receiving a capacity building package in the initial *** encountered were internal institutional resistance,administrative challenges associated with university

关键词： Social innovation University Healthcare delivery Health system Low-and middle-income countries

Crowdsourcing to identify social innovation initiatives in health in low- and middleincome countries

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第5期9卷 123-123页

作者： lindi van niekerk Arturo Ongkeko Jr. Rachel Alice Hounsell Barwani Khaura Msiska Don Pascal Mathanga Josselyn Mothe Noel Juban Phyllis Awor Dina Balabanova 不详 College of Medicine University of MalawiBlantyreMalawi

Background:Crowdsourcing is a distributed problem-solving and production mechanism that leverages the collective intelligence of non-expert individuals and networked communities for specific *** innovation(SI)initiatives aim to address health challenges in a sustainable manner,with a potential to strengthen health *** are developed by actors from different backgrounds and *** paper describes the application of crowdsourcing as a research method to explore SI initiatives in ***:The study explored crowdsourcing as a method to identify SI initiatives implemented in Africa,Asia and Latin *** crowdsourcing has been used in high-income country settings,there is limited knowledge on its use,benefits and challenges in low-and middle-income country(LMIC)*** 2014 to 2018,six crowdsourcing contests were conducted at global,regional and national ***:A total of 305 eligible projects were identified;of these 38 SI initiatives in health were *** describe the process used to perform a crowdsourcing contest for SI,the outcome of the contests,and the challenges and opportunities when using this mechanism in ***:We demonstrate that crowdsourcing is a participatory method,that is able to identify bottom-up or grassroots SI initiatives developed by non-traditional actors.

关键词： Social innovation Health Crowdsourcing Grassroots initiatives Participatory research

Demography and Socio-Economic Aspects on Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises and Their Association with the Cultivation of Maize (Zea mays L.) as a Selected Field Crop

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 729-741页

作者： Tsumbedzo Jutas Mavhungu Azwihangwisi Edward Nesamvuni Khathutshelo Alfred Tshikolomo Ndivhudzannyi Sylvestor Mpandeli Johan Adriaan van niekerk Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Polokwane South Africa Water Research Commission of South Africa Gezina South Africa

The purpose of this study is to correlate demography and socio-economic aspects at Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises and their association with the Cultivation of Maize in order to determine its positive impacts at irrigated smallholders’ agricultural entrepreneurs’ household. Chi-square test was used as descriptive analysis method. The Fischer Exact tests were employed to test demography (gender, age, education, and income) in winter and summer production season of irrigated smallholder agricultural enterprises and their association with the cultivation of selected field crop (i.e. maize). The results show that gender results were not being statistically significant, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.149, p = 0.011, and φ = 0.05, p = 0.392 in summer. As far as age is concern, it appears to be a statistically significant association between cultivating maize and age in winter, φ = 0.046, p = 0.730 in winter and φ = 0.172, p = 0.013. Education winter result not being statistically significant, the effect size showed a weak association, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.112, p = 0.305 and φ = 0.035, p = 0.948 in summer. Income result not being statistically significant, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.049, p = 0.399 and φ = 0.081, p = 0.166 in summer. In conclusion, the study shows that the development of best management practices must be based on a comprehensive analysis of the livelihoods and irrigated smallholder agricultural enterprise farming styles of participating irrigated smallholder agricultural entrepreneurs.

关键词： Maize Association Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises Demography Livelihoods

Bare-throated spurfowl(Pternistis spp.)males across Africa impress females with bright throat colours during courtship

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 416-424页

作者： Johann H.van niekerk Department of Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesUniversity of South AfricaP.O.Box 392Pretoria0003South Africa

The role of bare body parts in sexual signalling in birds has received relatively little attention.I describe how the bare-throated spurfowl males saturate the colours of their throats to attract *** the 23 Afrotropical spurfowl species,the bare-throated subgroup includes Yellow-necked Spurfowl(Pternistis leucosceptus),Rednecked Spurfowl(***),Grey-breasted Spurfowl(***) and Swainson’s Spurfowl(***).The rest of the species include fully feathered throated *** colour intensity of bare throats was scored using an extensive online digital photographic archive encompassing the four species across the year’s *** throat(n=836) was assigned to one of four colour-intensity categories to explore the relationship between colour intensities,breeding cycles,and environmental *** for Swainson’s Spurfowl male saturation of throat colours correlated with monthly rainfall,which peaks one or two months before egg ***’s Spurfowl peaks during egg ***-necked Spurfowl has the largest bare ***-throated spurfowl males perform an elevated courtship display posture above the female to feature their throat *** such displays occur in feather-throated *** with low throat colour saturation harbour more ectoparasites on their bare throats than birds with saturated *** Red-necked Spurfowls have significantly larger bare throats than *** primary function of bare throats probably assists in thermoregulation,particularly in arid *** bare throat may have evolved a secondary role in ***-necked,Red-necked,and Greybreasted Spurfowls use their saturated throat colours as ornaments to court females during the breeding *** female throat colours(unsaturated) may discourage male interlopers and predation during egg *** appears to be carotenoid-food *** different colours among the bare-throated species may serve as prezygotic mechani

关键词： Bare-throated spurfowls Breeding Colour saturation Ornaments Pternistis spp. Sexual size dimorphism

Thermoregulatory function and sexual dimorphism of the throat sack in Helmeted Guineafowl(Numida meleagris)across Africa

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 239-248页

作者： Johann H.van niekerk Rodrigo Megía-Palma Giovanni Forcina Department of Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesUniversity of South AfricaP.O.Box 392Pretoria0003South Africa Universidad de Alcal a(UAH) Department of Biomedicine and BiotechnologySchool of PharmacyA-2 Highwaykm 33.60028805Alcal a de HenaresMadridSpain Universidad de Alcal a(UAH) Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Group(GloCEE)Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida28805Alcal a de HenaresMadridSpain CIBIO Centro de Investigaç~ao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen eticosInBIO Laborat orio AssociadoCampus de Vair~aoUniversidade do Porto4485-661Vair~aoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de Vair~ao4485-661Vair~aoPortugal

The responses of ground-dwelling birds to heat and cold stress encompass a variety of behavioural,physiological and even morphological ***,the role of glabrous skin in this respect has been marginally addressed so *** Helmeted Guineafowl(Numida meleagris)is a landfowl distributed across Sub-Saharan Africa with eight traditionally recognised extant *** the most prominent morphological traits underlying intraspecific variability are size and pigmentation of the bare throat skin(or sack),which might be related to the different habitats and environmental conditions across its wide *** order to explore the Helmeted Guineafowl range-wide sack variation and pigmentation in relation to thermoregulation and sexual signalling,we collected morphometric and environmental information for *** integrating field data with the inspection of photographic material encompassing seven subspecies and environmental information from their *** data evidenced that sack size was significantly correlated with ambient temperature,thus pointing to a likely involvement of the throat sack in *** the pictorial data from all subspecies were pooled,sack size correlated negatively with biomass,rainfall and humidity,while a positive correlation was found with annual solar *** size correlated positively with monthly temperature variation among the bluethroated subspecies from southern Africa as opposed to the black-throated subspecies ranging north to Zambia and ***,in this latter group the sack was often larger during winter months,possibly to maximise solar radiation ***,sack size was related to sex dimorphism in two *** morphology and colour in the Helmeted Guineafowl likely modulate body temperature by evaporative cooling or heating upon needs,but in some subspecies it is also seemingly related to sexual *** studies are needed to fully understand the mu

关键词： Evaporative cooling Helmeted guineafowl Sexual size dimorphism Sub-Saharan Africa Thermoregulation Throat sack

Enhancing Coordination for Effective Management of Oil Spill Pollution in South Africa

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第1期13卷 12-24页

作者： Phindile Tiyiselani Zanele Sabela-Rikhotso Dewald van niekerk Livhuwani David Nemakonde African Centre for Disaster Studies North-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2531South Africa

Although multi-sectoral coordination in disaster risk management has been progressing in South Africa for over two decades,there has been limited commitment to an integrated regime in managing marine oil spill *** incident management persists despite the availability of data,protocols,legislation,and resources housed in different government and private sector *** study identified practices that enhance a coordination process for the effective management of oil spill pollution.A grounded theory approach is applied to the coordination issue,which is characterized by an interactive process of simultaneously considering theoretical grounding during our empirical *** evidence includes observations of 47meetings and three oil spill exercises with 79 delegates from 32 different organizations,which supports the coordination process of instituting a national Incident Management System for marine oil spills in South *** additional 44 individual open-ended questionnaires supplement this earlier body of evidence for data triangulation and *** of development of the Incident Management System process revealed that,when designing a novel long-term project that is reliant on a shared vision from multiple organizations,enhanced coordination and collaboration for successful implementation is dependent on the following practices:(1)obtaining political commitment,(2)bridging knowledge gaps,and(3)sharing resources.

关键词： Government-industry cooperation Incident management system Marine oil spills Operation Phakisa South Africa

Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for pediatric patients with scoliosis:a systematic review

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第2期6卷 63-69页

作者： Maike van niekerk Ann Richey John Vorhies Connie Wong Kali Tileston Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Lane Medical Library Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA

Background Pediatric patients affected by scoliosis have complex psychological and social care needs,and may benefit from psychosocial *** therefore aimed to summarize evidence of the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for this patient *** Literature was identified by searching Medline,PsycINFO,Embase,EBSCO Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)from database inception to 20 March *** that evaluated the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for pediatric patients diagnosed with scoliosis and reported at least one quantitative outcome were *** eligibility,data extraction,and quality assessment(using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies)were performed by two independent *** are presented using narrative *** We identified ten studies,all of which focused on adolescent idiopathic *** included a total of 1007 participants,most of whom were *** studies focused on patients undergoing bracing,six on patients undergoing spinal surgery,and one on patients *** compliance monitoring and counseling were found to significantly improve brace compliance quality and *** mental healthcare delivery by nurses after spinal surgery was similarly found to improve *** studies examined the efficacy of brief educational interventions;most did not report clear evidence of their *** methodological quality of studies was often unclear due to limitations in articles'reporting *** Research on the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for pediatric patients with scoliosis is limited,with interventions involving frequent patient-provider interactions showing the most *** clinical and research efforts should focus on developing and testing psychosocial interventions for

关键词： patients scoliosis nurse

Crop type mapping using LiDAR,Sentinel-2 and aerial imagery with machine learning algorithms

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第2期24卷 215-227,I0003页

作者： Adriaan Jacobus Prins Adriaan van niekerk Department of Geography&Environmental Studies Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa

LiDAR data are becoming increasingly available,which has opened up many new *** such application is crop type *** crop type maps are critical for monitoring water use,estimating harvests and in precision *** traditional approach to obtaining maps of cultivated fields is by manually digitizing the fields from satellite or aerial imagery and then assigning crop type labels to each field-often informed by data collected during ground and aerial ***,manual digitizing and labeling is time-consuming,expensive and subject to human *** remote sensing methods is a cost-effective alternative,with machine learning gaining popularity for classifying crop *** study evaluated the use of LiDAR data,Sentinel-2 imagery,aerial imagery and machine learning for differentiating five crop types in an intensively cultivated *** combinations of the three datasets were evaluated along with ten machine *** classification results were interpreted by comparing overall accuracies,kappa,standard deviation and *** was found that LiDAR data successfully differentiated between different crop types,with XGBoost providing the highest overall accuracy of 87.8%.Furthermore,the crop type maps produced using the LiDAR data were in general agreement with those obtained by using Sentinel-2 data,with LiDAR obtaining a mean overall accuracy of 84.3%and Sentinel-2 a mean overall accuracy of 83.6%.However,the combination of all three datasets proved to be the most effective at differentiating between the crop types,with RF providing the highest overall accuracy of 94.4%.These findings provide a foundation for selecting the appropriate combination of remotely sensed data sources and machine learning algorithms for operational crop type mapping.

关键词： LiDAR multispectral imagery sentinel-2 machine learning crop type classification per-pixel classification

Vocal behavior of Crested Guineafowl(Guttera edouardi) based on visual and sound playback surveys in the Umhlanga Lagoon Nature Reserve,Kwa Zulu-Natal province,South Africa

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Chinese Birds 2015年第3期6卷 132-139页

作者： Johann H.van niekerk Department of Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesUniversity of South Africa

Background:Generally speaking,playbacks were often ineffective to determine the group sizes of birds since mainly males from leks *** limitation has not been tested properly for flocking birds such as Crested Guineafowl(Guttera edouardi) with the view to use it as a counting *** aims of the study reported in this paper were(1) to describe the cal s of Crested Guineafowl in a social context;(2) to interpret cal s in an evolutionary context;and(3) to demonstrate that playbacks can be used to locate and count Crested Guineafowl in smal isolated ***:The vocal behavior of Crested Guineafowl was observed during a survey conducted in the Umhlanga Lagoon Nature Reserve(Kwa Zulu-Natal,South Africa) from November 2010 to June *** line observations and sound playback methods were ***:The behavioral context and structure of cal s were *** eight cal s described for Crested Guineafowl were produced mainly to unite flock members in the dense understory,where visibility was poor,and to repel *** not disturbed,Crested Guineafowl were quiet and only made soft contact ***:The high rate of call back and the fact that flocks invariably approach the source of the call en masse,shows that field researchers are able to assess the population size of Crested Guineafowl with sound playbacks along a *** value of playbacks as a conservation tool is assessed.

关键词： Guttera edouardi Playback Calls Social behavior Flocking Transect surveys