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Using Doubly-Labeled Water to Measure Energy Expenditure in an Important Small Ectotherm Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第9期41卷 505-512页

作者： Matthew D.W.Piper Colin Selman John R.Speakman linda partridge Institute of Healthy Ageing Department of GeneticsEvolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWCIE 6BTUK Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Energy expenditure is a key variable in the study of ageing, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism that has been used to make step changes in our understanding of the ageing process. Standard methods for measurement of energy expenditure involve placing individuals in metabolic chambers where their oxygen consumption and CO2 production can be quantified. These measurements require separating individuals from any social context, and may only poorly reflect the environment in which the animals normally live. The doubly-labeled water （DLW） method is an isotope-based technique for measuring energy expenditure which overcomes these problems. However, technical challenges mean that the smallest animals this method has been previously applied to weighed 50-200 mg. We overcame these technical challenges to measure energy demands in Drosophila weighing 0.78 mg. Mass-specific energy expenditure varied between 43 and 65 mW·g^-1. These estimates are considerably higher than estimates using indirect calorimetry of Drosophila in small metabolic chambers （around 18 mW·g^-1）. The methodology we have established extends downwards by three orders of magnitude the size of animals that can be measured using DLW. This approach may be of considerable value in future ageing research attempting to understand the genetic and genomic basis of ageing.

关键词： Doubly-labeled water Respiration rate Effect of mating status and sex Drosophila

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21世纪促进健康和预防疾病的新模式

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英国医学杂志中文版 2008年第4期11卷 236-238页

作者： Robert N Butler Richard A Miller Daniel Perry Bruce A Cames T Franklin William Christine Cassel Jacob Brody Marie A Bernard linda partridge Thomas Kirkwood George M Martin S Jay Olshansky 周财亮(译) 张拓红(校) International Longevity Center New York USA University of Michigan Arm Arbor MI USA Alliance for Aging Resea Washington DCUSA University of Oklahoma Oklahoma City OKUSA University of Rochester School of Medicineand Denfistry NY USA American Board oflntemal Medicine Philadelphia PA USA University of Illinois at Chicago 1603 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA Institute of Healthy Ageing University College London London Institute for Ageing and Health Newcastle University Newcastle American Federation for Aging Research Scatde WA USA 不详

随着年龄的增长，人类患病的可能性逐渐增加。因此，本文作者Robert Butler和他的同事认为干预人体衰老进程比治疗单个疾病更有效。

关键词：预防疾病健康衰老进程治疗单

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Release of Alien Populations in Sweden

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第5期35卷 255-261页

作者： linda Laikre Nils Ryman Anna Palmé popgen.su.seMelanie Josefsson is a principal technical officer at the Department of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment at the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.She holds a PhD in physical geography and works primarily with issues relating to effects of alien species on biological diversity.Her address:Department of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Swedish Environmental Protection Agency P.O.Box 7050 S-750 07 Uppsala Sweden.melanie.josefsson Fred Utter u.washington.eduThe authors Laikre Palmé Ryman and Utter share a common interest in topics relating to the genetic structuring of natural populations genetic conservation and to the genetic effects of man's impact on natural populations. a scientist at the Department of Zoology Division of Population GeneticsStockholm University.Her address:Department of ZoologyDivision of Population GeneticsStockholm UniversityS-106 91 StockholmSweden.lindalaikre a scientist at the Department of Zoology Division of Population GeneticsStockholm University.His address:Department of ZoologyDivision of Population GeneticsStockholm UniversityS-106 91 StockholmSweden.nils.ryman a graduate student at the Department of Zoology Division of Population GeneticsStockholm University.Her address:Department of ZoologyDivision of Population GeneticsStockholm UniversityS-106 91 StockholmSweden.anna.palme based at the School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences University of WashingtonUSA.His address:School of Aquatic and Fisheries SciencesUniversity of WashingtonBox 355020SeattleWA 98195USA.fmutter

外来物种的入侵对生物多样性是一个主要的威胁。尽管公众对入侵物种的注意力主要集中在物种水平上，而“生物多样性公约”已经将其界定到了物种水平以下的实体。这种定义认识到了本土物种的异位种群散布可能也会对生物多样性产生贞面影... 详细信息

外来物种的入侵对生物多样性是一个主要的威胁。尽管公众对入侵物种的注意力主要集中在物种水平上，而“生物多样性公约”已经将其界定到了物种水平以下的实体。这种定义认识到了本土物种的异位种群散布可能也会对生物多样性产生贞面影响。实际上，目前我们对这种散布的范围、程度及其对自然基因库的影响知之甚少。已有的资料显示瑞典外来群落已经扩展了相当大的范围，最为常见的被散布物种有：河鳟、大西洋鲑、北极红点鲑、白鲑、欧洲赤松、挪威云杉、绿头鸭、灰鹧鸪、雉。尽管每年有几百万的树木、鱼类、鸟类被散布到大自然，但是少有文献资料记载其地理、基因来源，甚至它们的散布地点在很大程度上也模糊不清。文章对亟需的与外来群落所带来的风险和问题相关的初步行动提出了相应的措施，和建议。

关键词：散布种群瑞典生物多样性公约外来物种入侵物种北极红点鲑大西洋鲑

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