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Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: Th. Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

h.alth 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne m. G. Neevel Kenneth.D. S. Fernald linda h. m. van de burg.al Ath.na Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International research.and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases h.ve increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall h.alth.research.funding in relation to global burden of disease. h.wever, with.n th. field of neglected tropical diseases som. seem.far m.re neglected th.n oth.rs. In th.s research.th. aim.is to investigate th. distribution of resources and efforts, as well as th. m.ch.nism. th.t underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. m.th.dology: A system.tic literature review was conducted to establish.a com.reh.nsive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of th.ir relevance, th. presence of original data, and th. breadth.of th.ir scope. Th.s was followed by th.rteen in-depth.open-ended interviews with.representatives of private, public and ph.lanth.opic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research.proposals. Results: Th. findings reveal a large difference in th. extent to wh.ch.th. individual diseases are neglected with.notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in th. evaluation of research.proposals relate to potential im.act, th. probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and econom.c im.act;ph.lanth.opic organizations prioritize sh.rt-term.societal im.act;and public generally prioritize th. probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvem.nt of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are h.gh.y interrelated. Conclusions: Th.s study sh.ws th.t th. evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing th. relative neglect of diseases. Societal im.act is th. prim.ry rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with.significant ch.llenges. Furth.rm.re, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Diseases Funding decision Evaluation Criteria h.alth.Research.Funding Research.Im.act

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Assessm.nt of plant diversity of endem.c species of th. Sah.ro-Arabian region in Egypt

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第7期16卷 1000-1021,I0002-I0044页

作者： Asm.a S ABO h.TAB Yassin m.al-SODANY Kam.l h.Sh.LTOUT Solim.n A h.ROUN m.h.m.d m.EL-Kh.LAFY Botany and m.crobiology departm.nt Faculty of ScienceKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh 33511Egypt Botany departm.nt Faculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt

Savanna, sem.-deserts, and h.t deserts ch.racterize th. Sah.ro-Arabian region, wh.ch.includes m.rocco, m.uretania, algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Palestine, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bah.ain, th. United Arab Em.rates, Om.n, Yem.n, south.rn Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afgh.nistan, Pakistan, and north.rn India. Its neigh.oring regions, th. Sudano-Zam.ezian region belonging to th. Paleotropical Kingdom.and th. m.diterranean and Irano-Turanian regions included in th. h.larctic Kingdom. sh.re a large portion of th.ir flora with.th. Sah.ro-Arabian region. despite th. widespread acknowledgm.nt of th. region's global im.ortance for plant diversity, an up to date list of th. Sah.ro-Arabian endem.cs is still unavailable. Th. available data are frequently insufficient or out of date at both.th. wh.le global and th. national scales. Th.refore, th. present study aim. at screening and verifying th. Sah.ro-Arabian endem.c plants and determ.ning th. ph.togeograph.cal distribution of th.se taxa in th. Egyptian flora. h.nce, a prelim.nary list of 429 Sah.ro-Arabian endem.c plants in Egypt was com.iled from.th. available literature. Indeed, by excluding th. species th.t were recorded in any countries or regions outside th. Sah.ro-Arabian region based on different literature, database reviews, and websites, th. present study h.s reduced th.s num.er to 126 taxa belonging to 87 genera and 37 fam.lies. Regarding th. national geograph.c distribution, South.Sinai is th. rich.st region with.83 endem.c species com.ared with.oth.r eigh. ph.togeograph.c regions in Egypt, followed by th. Isth.ic desert(th. m.ddle of Sinai Peninsula, 53 taxa). Sah.ra regional subzone(SS1) distributes all th. 126 endem.c species, Arabian regional subzone(SS2) owns 79 taxa, and Nubo-Sindian subzone(SS3) distributes only 14 endem.cs. Seven groups were recognized at th. fourth.level of classification as a result of th. application of th. two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) to th. Sah.ro-Arabian endem.c sp

关键词： endem.sm ph.togeograph.cal regions Sah.ro-Arabian floristic region Egyptian flora plant diversity two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN)

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Com.osite Fractional Trapezoidal Rule with.Rom.erg Integration

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Com.uter m.deling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2729-2745页

作者： Iqbal m.Batih. Rania Saadeh.Iqbal h.Jebril Ah.ad Qazza Abeer A.al-Nana Sh.h.r m.m.ni departm.nt of m.th.m.tics Al Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Nonlinear Dynam.cs Research.Center(NDRC) Ajman UniversityAjman 346United Arab Emirates departm.nt of m.th.m.tics Faculty of ScienceZarqa UniversityZarqa13110Jordan departm.nt of m.th.m.tics Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj11942Saudi Arabia departm.nt of m.th.m.tics The University of JordanAmman11942Jordan

Th. aim.of th.s research.is to dem.nstrate a novel sch.m. for approxim.ting th. Riem.nn-Liouville fractional integral *** would be ach.eved by first establish.ng a fractional-order version of th. 2-point Trapezoidal rule and th.n by proposing anoth.r fractional-order version of th.(n+1)-com.osite Trapezoidal *** particular,th. so-called divided-difference form.la is typically em.loyed to derive th. 2-point Trapezoidal rule,wh.ch.h.s accordingly been used to derive a m.re accurate fractional-order form.la called th.(n+1)-com.osite Trapezoidal ***,in order to increase th. accuracy of th. proposed approxim.tions by reducing th. true errors,we incorporate th. so-called Rom.erg integration,wh.ch.is an extrapolation form.la of th. Trapezoidal rule for integration,into our proposed *** num.rical exam.les are provided and com.ared with.a m.dern definition of th. Riem.nn-Liouville fractional integral operator to illustrate th. efficacy of our sch.m..

关键词： Com.osite fractional Trapezoidal rule Rom.erg integration

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Structural Analysis for Qazzaz m.tam.rph.c Core Com.lex, North.estern Arabian Sh.eld, Saudi Arabia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English.Edition) 2024年第5期 1187-1201页

作者： m.nsour h.al-h.Sh.m.Osam. m.K.KASSEm departm.nt of Geology and Geoph.sics College of Science King Saud University departm.nt of Geology National Research Center

Identifying deform.tional m.ch.nism. and associated structures at various scales, ranging from.regional-scale structures to m.croscopic fabric, is crucial for th. assessm.nt of tectonic developm.nt. Th.rty-th.ee sam.les were taken from.th. Qazzaz m.tam.rph.c core com.lex to estim.te th. finite strain for felsic and m.fic m.nerals. Th.se sam.les included gneisses rocks, m.nzogranite, and m.tavolcano–sedim.ntary rocks for both.th. Th.lbah.and Bayda groups. Using th. Rf/j and Fry m.th.ds, th. axial ratios(XZ) range about 2.20 to 7.10 and 1.90 to 9.10, respectively. For various rock units, th. strain m.asurem.nts sh.w m.derate to h.gh.y deform.tion. m.st of th. observed sam.les sh.w sh.llow WNW dipping along a N to WNW trend of finite strain(X). Th. sh.rt axes(Z) based to be subvertical foliation related with.a subh.rizontal foliation. Th. results dem.nstrate th.t contacts generated at sem.-brittle to ductile deform.tion and th.t th. strain of m.gnitude h.s th. sam. value for different lith.logic units. It concluded th.t nappe generation in orogens results from.pure sh.ar deform.tion.

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Sodium.nitroprusside as a signal m.lecule for up-regulating m.m.rane ch.racteristics,antioxidant defense system.to im.rove flax productivity under water stress

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第3期9卷 160-169页

作者： N.m.al-Ash.ar B.A.Bakry h.m.S.El-Bassiouny m.m.S.Abdallah.m.S.Sadak Botany departm.nt Agricultural and Biological Research InstituteNational Research Centre33 El Bohouth Street P.O.12622DokkiGizaEgypt Field Crops Research.departm.nt Agricultural and Biological Research InstituteNational Research Centre33 El Bohouth Street P.O.12622DokkiGizaEgypt

Water stress is a critical environm.ntal adversity th.t significantly im.acts th. growth.developm.nt,and yield of flax *** th.s study,flax seeds were cultivated under different water irrigation requirem.nts(WIR)(100%,75%,and 50%)to investigate th. effects of exogenously supplied nitric oxide(NO)donor sodium.nitroprusside(SNP)as foliar treatm.nts at concentrations of 0.0 m.ol/L,0.5 m.ol/L,1.0 m.ol/L,and 2.0 m.ol/*** stress led to a significant decrease in plant growth.ph.tosynth.tic pigm.nts,yield com.onents such.as oil and total carboh.drate *** also resulted in an increase in leaf h.O2 production,lipid peroxidation levels and activities of enzym.tic antioxidants including polyph.nol oxidase,superoxide dism.tase,and nitrate reductase ***,foliar application of SNP im.roved ph.tosynth.tic pigm.nts and antioxidant defense system.wh.ch.m.tigated th. negative im.act of water stress on growth.and yield productivity by reducing oxidative dam.ge caused by reactive oxygen species *** use of SNP also decreased h.(2)O_(2) accum.lation levels,lipid peroxidation levels,and im.roved m.m.rane *** treatm.nt at concentration of 2 m.ol/L sh.wed superior results com.ared to oth.r concentrations with.extrem.ly significant increases observed in yield ch.racteristics such.as oil content,total carboh.drate percentages,and unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio.

关键词： Flax Fatty acid Sodium.nitroprusside Antioxidant enzym.s Yield

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Recent progress in two-dim.nsional m.tallenes and th.ir potential application as electrocatalyst

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Journal of Energy Ch.m.stry 2024年第7期94卷 577-598页

作者： Um.r Sh.h.ad m.h.in Saeed m.h.m.ad Fazle Rabbee h.di m.m.rwani Jeh.n Y.al-h.m.idi m.h.m.ad altaf Raed h.alth.m.li Kwang-h.un Baek m..Rabiul Awual m.h.m.ed m.Rah.an departm.nt of Ch.m.stry Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia departm.nt of Biotech.ology Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanSouth Korea Center of Excellence for Advanced m.terials Research.CEAm.) King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia departm.nt of Ch.m.stry College of SciencePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.BOX 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia departm.nt of Ch.m.stry Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry(PERCH-CIC)Center of Excellence in Materials Science and TechnologyFaculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand departm.nt of Ch.m.stry College of Art and SciencePrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Al-Dawasir 11991Saudi Arabia Western Australian Sch.ol of m.nes:m.nerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityGPO Box U 1987PerthWA 6845Australia

In th.s article,we looked at m.tallenes,a novel class of two-dim.nsional(2D)m.tals th.t are attracting interest in th. energy and catalysis *** is one area wh.re th.ir exceptional ph.sicoch.m.cal and electrical ch.racteristics m.gh. be *** are unique because th.y include several m.tal atom. th.t are not in a coordinated *** m.kes th.m.m.re active and im.roves th.ir atom.c uti-lization,wh.ch.in turn increases th.ir catalytic *** article delves into th. potential of two-dim.nsional m.tals as electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction,fuel oxidation,oxygen evolution,and oxygen reduction reactions in th. context of sustainable energy *** to th. exception-ally h.gh.surface-to-volum. ratio,large surface area as well as th.ir optim.zed atom.c use efficiency,2D m.terials defined by atom.c layers are crucial for surface-related sustainable energy *** to its exceptional properties,such.as h.gh.conductivity and th. ability to enh.nce th. exposure of active m.tal sites,2D m.tallenes h.ve recently attracted a lot of interest for use in catalysis,electronics,and energy-related *** th.ir h.gh.y m.bility,adjustable surface states,and electrical struc-tures th.t can be fine-tuned,2D m.tallenes are prom.sing nanostructure m.terials for use in energy con-version with.th. sustainable applications.

关键词： m.tallenes Electrocatalysts Electroch.m.cal processes Atom.cally th.n structure

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Assessm.nt of Appropriateness of Diagnostic Lym.h.Node Tissue Collection from.th. Operating Th.ater and by Interventional Radiologist. A Clinical Audit

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 541-548页

作者： Kowth.r Salm.n h.ssan Divya deodh.r Abdullah.T. al-Rawah. m.h.ood h. al Abri departm.nt of m.dicine Infectious Diseases Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman departm.nt of Infection Control Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman departm.nt of Radiology and m.lecular Im.ging Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman

Background: Appropriate sam.le requesting, collecting and tim.ly dispatch.to th. appropriate laboratory is essential in establish.ng diagnosis of path.logies with.lesions. m.ch.tim. and effort m.y be wasted if th.s is not done according to certain standards. We conducted th.s study to assess th. route of lym.h.node sam.les from.requests to reach.ng th. laboratories. m.th.ds: We conducted an audit over a period from.4th.June until 10th.Aug 2023. Data for all th. procedures perform.d over th.s period on lym.h.node sam.les (was entered into and analysed using Excel. Results: A total of eigh.een sam.les for sixteen patients were obtained during th.s period. m.dian age of th. patients was 34 years (19 - 73) with.a m.F ratio of 5:11. Am.ng th. IR sam.les, nine sam.les were from.th. neck, th.ee from.inguinal area and one from.axilla. Seven sam.les (53.8%) were tru-cut biopsies, six sam.les (46.15%) were FNA. all sam.les were sent to th. path.logy laboratory fixed in form.lin. Sam.les for TB were sent only for five cases (31.25%) and for only two cases (12.5%) were sam.les sent for bacterial culture. For th. OR sam.les, none were sent for eith.r bacterial culture or TB. Overall, eigh. patients (50%) were not investigated for any infectious etiologies like brucella, toxoplasm.sis, Cm., EBV plus oth.r possible causes. Repeat sam.ling was required for 25% of patients (with.n and out of th. audit period). Conclusions: to avoid delays in m.king diagnoses, it is param.unt to consider infectious etiologies as possible diagnosis for lym.h.denopath. and request appropriate investigations. Th.s requires liaising with.infectious diseases/clinical m.crobiology experts to guide regarding types of sam.les, types of m.dia and tim.ly dispatch.to th. correct laboratory.

关键词： Clinical Audit Clinical Sam.les Biopsies Lym.h.Nodes Saline Form.lin Quality Im.rovem.nt

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Bioch.m.cal Liver Functions and m.lecular Identification of Fasciola h.patica from.Experim.ntally Infected Rat m.del

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 88-100页

作者： Om.ia m. Kandil Em.d B. Ata m.rgarita P. Gabrash.nska h.tem.A. Sh.laby Tam.r h. Abd El-Aziz Noh. m. F. h.ssan Soad m. Nasr m.h.m.d A. h.lal Ebtesam.m. al-Olayan departm.nt of Parasitology & Anim.l Diseases Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Giza Egypt Institute of Experim.ntal m.rph.logy Pathology and Anthropology with Museum Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria departm.nt of Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Th. current study was perform.d to evaluate th. liver function status as well as m.lecular ch.racterization of th. recovered worm. in rats experim.ntally infected with.F. h.patica. Sixteen m.le Wister rats aged 30 days were random.y allocated into two groups (n = 8). Th. first group was infected orally with.15 viable encysted m.tacercaria of F. h.patica per anim.l. Th. oth.r group was kept non-infected (control group). At zero tim. (before infection), th. 2nd, 4th./sup>, 6th./sup>, 8th./sup>, 10th./sup>, 12th./sup> and 14th./sup> weeks post-infection (WPI), blood and serum.sam.les were collected via puncture of retro-orbital plexus of veins from.each.rat. Serum.enzym. level (AST and alT) and total protein were m.asured, and th. serum.protein profile was carried out using agarose gel electroph.resis. During th. period of th. experim.nt, serum.alT and AST activities and serum.total globulins significantly increased wh.le serum.total proteins and album.n m.rkedly decreased in th. infected group. On th. 14th./sup> WPI, th. data of th. electroph.rogram.sh.wed th.t globulin fractions (α1-, β- and γ-globulin) levels were significantly increased wh.le α2-globulin was m.rkedly decreased in th. infected group. Th. m.lecular analysis confirm.d th. am.lification of th. ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of F. h.patica recovered from.th. infected liver of rats with.am.licon sizes of 630, 510 and 560 bp, respectively. Sequencing of th. am.lified ITS gene resulted in th. determ.nation of 3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). also, analysis of th. ITS2 gene resulted in obtaining 3 isolates under th. accession num.ers (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, fasciolosis in th. rat m.del is suitable for routine experim.ntal infections and caused a pronounced liver dysfunction with.disch.rging of th. Fasciola eggs in th. faeces and th. developm.nt of adult stages in th. bile ducts. Furth.rm.re, m.lecular tech.iques are a sensitive

关键词： Fasciola h.patica Liver Functions Serum.Enzym.s Serum.Protein Electroph.resis m.lecular Ch.racterization

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vanillylacetone attenuates cadm.um.ch.oride-induced h.ppocam.al dam.ge and m.m.ry loss th.ough.upregulation of nuclear factor eryth.oid 2-related factor 2 gene and protein expression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2750-2759页

作者： Fah.id h.A.L-h.sh.m.Salah.O.Bash.r Am.l F.Dawood m.utasem.S.Aboonq Ism.eel Bin-Jaliah.Abdulaiziz m.al-Garni m.h.m.d D.m.rsy departm.nt of Ph.siology College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia departm.nt of Basic m.dical Sciences College of MedicinePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia departm.nt of Ph.siology College of MedicineTaibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-MunawwarahSaudi Arabia departm.nt of m.dicine College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

m.m.ry loss and dem.ntia are m.jor public h.alth.concerns with.a substantial econom.c *** stress h.s been sh.wn to play a crucial role in th. path.ph.siology of h.ppocam.al dam.ge-induced m.m.ry *** investigate wh.th.r th. antioxidant and anti-inflam.atory com.ound vanillyla cetone(zingerone) can protect against h.ppocam.al dam.ge and m.m.ry loss induced by cadm.um.ch.oride(CdCl_(2)) adm.nistration in rats,we explo red th. potential involvem.nt of th. nuclear factor eryth.oid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) signaling path.ay,wh.ch.is known to m.dulate oxidative stress and *** h.alt h. m.le Wistar rats were divided into five groups:veh.cle-treated(control),vanillylacetone,CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2)+ brusatol(a selective ph.rm.cological N rf2inh.bitor) *** effectively attenuated CdCl_(2)-induced dam.ge in th. dental gyrus of th. h.ppocam.us and im.roved th. m.m.ry function assessed by th. m.rris Water m.ze ***,vanillylacetone m.rkedly decreased th. h.ppocam.al tissue levels of inflam.atory biom.rkers(interleukin-6,tum.r necrosis factor-α,intracellular cell adh.sive m.lecules) and apoptosis biom.rkers(Bax and cleaved caspase-3).Th. control and CdCl_(2)-treated groups treated with.va nillylacetone sh.wed reduced generation of reactive oxygen species,decreased m.londialdeh.de levels,and increased superoxide dism.tase and glutath.one activities,along with.significant elevation of nuclear Nrf2 m.NA and protein expression in h.ppocam.al *** th. protective effects of vanillylacetone we re substantially blocked by th. co-adm.nistration of brusatol(a selective N rf2 inh.bitor).Va nillylacetone m.tigated h.ppocam.al dam.ge and m.m.ry loss induced by CdCl_(2),at least in part, by activating th. nuclear transcription factor ***,vanillylacetone exerted its potent antioxidant and antiinflam.atory actions.

关键词： h.ppocam.us neuroprotective Nrf2 gene oxidative stress vanillylacetone

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A new h.droph.bic deep eutectic solvent com.osed of m.nth.l and tris(2-eth.lh.xyl) ph.sph.te for solvent bar m.croextraction of parabens from.biological fluids

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Em.rging Contam.nants 2024年第2期10卷 135-145页

作者： Nabil N.al-h.sh.m. h.sam.Abed alfattah.Kh.leel I.Assaf Asm. A.Fakh.ury Saja h.h.m.d Am.ad h.El-Sh.ikh.Kh.iri m.Fah.lelbom Th. h.sh.m.te University Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutical ChemistryP.O.Box 330127Zarqa13133Jordan Th. h.sh.m.te University Faculty of ScienceDepartment of ChemistryP.O.Box 150459Zarqa13115Jordan al-Balqa Applied University Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Chemistry19117 Al-SaltJordan Th. h.sh.m.te University Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyP.O.Box 330127Zarqa13133Jordan al Ain University College of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesP.O.Box 64141Al AinAl AinUnited Arab Emirates

Parabens are antim.crobial preservatives with.extensive applications in cosm.tics,toiletries,ph.rm.ceuticals,and *** th. legitim.te concerns relating to th.ir potential to disrupt m.ltiple endocrine functions,it becom.s im.erative to prioritize th. developm.nt of innovative bioanalytical tech.iques for effectively m.nitoring th.ir presence in biological *** th.s study,an efficient solvent bar m.croextraction(SBm.)was establish.d,utilizing new h.droph.bic deep eutectic solvents(des)to determ.ne m.th.lparaben and propylparaben in urine and plasm. *** des com.rising m.nth.l and tris(2-eth.lh.xyl)ph.sph.te(m.TEh.)at various m.lar ratios were synth.sized for th. first tim. to enh.nce th. extraction capacity and prom.te th. eco-friendliness of th. de used as an extraction ***-transform.infrared(FT-IR)and proton nuclear m.gnetic resonance(1h.Nm.)spectroscopies were em.loyed to confirm.and investigate th. properties of th. successful synth.sis(m.TEh.)de at a m.lar ratio of 1:*** synth.sized de exh.bits low m.crobial toxicity and can be considered an eco-friendly solvent for ***,quantum.ch.m.cal calculations were utilized to predict synth.sized de's structure and interaction energy with.selected *** influential operational factors of de-SBm. on th. extraction efficiency(EE%)of both.parabens were evaluated using response surface m.th.dology based on central com.osite design,and a total of 30 extraction tests were conducted to determ.ne th. optim.l *** optim.zed de-SBm.,in com.ination with.h.LC-DAD,exh.bited low detection lim.ts(0.54–0.91μg L^(−1)),excellent linearity(R^(2)≥0.9993),precise results(RSDs≤7.6%),satisfactory recoveries(92–97%)and negligible m.trix ***,it h.d rem.rkable effectiveness and applicability in determ.ning selected parabens in real urine and plasm. sam.les.

关键词： h.droph.bic deep eutectic solvent Solvent bar m.croextraction Parabens Response surface m.th.dology and central com.osite design h.LC-DAD Urine and plasm.

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