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Probability of a zoonotic spillover with seasonal variation

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 514-531页

作者： Aadrita Nandi linda J.s.Allen Department of Mathematics and statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409-1042USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48108-5260USA

Zoonotic infectious diseases are spread from animals to *** is estimated that over 60%of human infectious diseases are zoonotic and 75%of them are emerging *** majority of emerging zoonotic infectious diseases are caused by viruses including avian influenza,rabies,Ebola,coronaviruses and *** of infection from animals to humans depends on a complex transmission pathway,which is influenced by epidemiological and environmental *** this investigation,the focus is on direct transmission between animals and humans and the effects of seasonal variations on the transmission and recovery *** in transmission and recovery,besides being influenced by physiological processes and behaviors of pathogen and host,are driven by seasonal variations in temperature,humidity or rainfall.A new time-nonhomogeneous stochastic process is formulated for infectious disease spread from animals to humans when transmission and recovery rates are time-periodic.A branching process approximation is applied near the disease-free state to predict the probability of the first spillover event from animals to *** probability is a periodic function of the time when infection is introduced into the animal *** is shown that the highest risk of a spillover depends on a combination of animal to human transmission,animal to animal transmission and animal *** results are applied to a stochastic model for avian influenza with spillover from domestic poultry to humans.

关键词： Branching process Markov chain seasonal fluctuations spillover Zoonoses

Duration of a minor epidemic

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2018年第1期3卷 60-73页

作者： William Tritch linda J.s.Allen Department of Mathematics and statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409-1042USA

Disease outbreaks in stochastic sIR epidemic models are characterized as either minor or ***01,they can be minor or *** 1955,Whittle derived formulas for the probability of a minor or a major epidemic.A minor epidemic... 详细信息

Disease outbreaks in stochastic sIR epidemic models are characterized as either minor or ***0s are minor,whereas ifR0>1,they can be minor or *** 1955,Whittle derived formulas for the probability of a minor or a major epidemic.A minor epidemic is distinguished from a major one in that a minor epidemic is generally of shorter duration and has substantially fewer cases than a major *** this investigation,analytical formulas are derived that approximate the probability density,the mean,and the higher-order moments for the duration of a minor *** analytical results are applicable to minor epidemics in stochastic sIR,sIs,and sIRs models with a single infected *** probability density for minor epidemics in more complex epidemic models can be computed numerically applying multitype branching processes and the backward Kolmogorov differential ***0 is close to one,minor epidemics are more common than major epidemics and their duration is significantly longer than whenR0≪1 orR»01.

关键词： Birth-death process Branching process Epidemic model Markov chain

Indoor environmental quality(IEQ)assessment of Nigerian university libraries:A pilot study

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2021年第3期2卷 302-314页

作者： williams P Akanmu sunday s Nunayon Uche C Eboson Department of Building School of Environmental TechnologyFederal University of TechnologyMinnaP.M.B 65MinnaNiger StateNigeria Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong Kong

An indoor environmental quality(IEQ)assessment of academic libraries in Nigeria was conducted through ob-jective *** selected university libraries were Abubakar Gimba Library;Awwal Ibrahim Library;and Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida Library *** libraries were evaluated under operating conditions and during their peak usage *** of the main descriptors of good IEQ,including the acoustical,visual,and thermal comfort conditions were performed using portable IEQ *** methodology employed for the assessment of these IEQ descriptors followed prescriptions of international standards AsHRAE standard 55 and IsO *** determine the time of the day in which the library buildings can achieve optimum IEQ,measurements were taken in the morning and *** results obtained were compared with reference values found in the international standard CIBsE Guide A for adequate IEQ compliance of academic *** findings of this study are expected to help in improving the IEQ of academic libraries in Nigeria and other parts of the world.

关键词： Comfort conditions Illuminance Indoor environmental quality Nigerian university libraries Noise level Thermal comfort

seasonal dynamics of iron and phosphorus in reservoir sediments in Eucalyptus plantation region

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 142-156页

作者： Eyram Norgbey Yiping Li Ya Zhu Amechi s.Nwankwegu Robert Bofah-Buah linda Nuamah Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on shallow Lakes Ministry of EducationCollege of EnvironmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

Background:Iron(Fe)and phosphorus(P)dynamics in sediments have direct and indirect impacts on water ***,the mobility of P and Fe in reservoir sediments in Eucalyptus plantation region remains *** study examined P and Fe pollution in sediments in a Eucalyptus plantation region using the novel planar optode,the ZrO-Chelex DGT,and the DIFs ***:Direct in situ investigations showed that the levels of labile P and Fe were smaller in the Eucalyptus species-dominated sediments(X2)compared to sediments without Eucalyptus species(X1).The mean concentration of labile P and Fe decreased by 25%and 42%from X1 to *** decrement was insignificant(p=0.20)in the surface sediment concentration for labile *** significant disparity for DGT-Fe(Fe^(2+))(p=0.03)observed in the surface sediments could be attributed to the Eucalyptus species’elevated organic matter(tannins)concentration at X2,which reacted and consumed labile *** both regions,the maximum concentration of labile P and Fe occurred in November(autumn).The reductive decomposition of Fe/Mn oxides was recognized as the main driver for their high P efflux in July and *** concentration of labile P and Fe was observed in December(winter)due to the adsorption of Fe/Mn *** concentration of labile Fe synchronizes uniformly with that of labile P in both sediments indicating the existence of a coupling relationship(r>0.8,psitive diffusion fluxes in both regions suggested that the sediments release labile P and *** fluxes of labile P and Fe in both regions were substantially higher(psummer(anoxic period)than winter(aerobic period),indicating that hypoxia and redox conditions influenced the seasonal efflux of labile P and *** the DIFs model,the replenishment ability of reactive P was higher during the anoxic period(R=0.7,k_(1)=79.4 day^(-1),k_(-1)=0.2 day^(-1))than the aerobic period(R=0.4,k_(1)=14.2 day^(-1),k_(-1)=0.1 day^(-1)),suggesting

关键词： Water-sediment boundary Diffusive gradient in thin films(DGT) Planar optode synchronous efflux Diffusive flux Hypoxia

Microstructure,texture and mechanical behavior characterization of hot forged cast ZK60 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2017年第9期33卷 907-918页

作者： s.M.H.Karparvarfard s.K.shaha s.B.Behravesh H.Jahed B.W.williams Department of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo Canmet MATERIALs Natural Resources Canada

structure with a significant reduction in casting porosity, while the texture changed to sharp basaMeasured mechanical properties of the forged alloy showed that strength did not change, howductility improved by 75%. The analysis of the fracture surface of the forged alloy under tension rea ductile fracture with dimple morphology, while the as-cast alloy displayed a brittle fracture with pores. This demonstrated that the reduction of casting defects and dendritic morphology, as well evolution of recrystallized grains, enhanced ductility, while partial dynamic recrystallization throuforging process resulted in only marginal modification of strength in the forged condition.. 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials sciTechno

关键词： Magnesium Forging Ductility Texture Recrystallization

Disease spectrum and use of cholecystolithotomy in gallstone ileus

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2012年第5期11卷 553-557页

作者： Nicholas E williams Justin s Gundara sophia Roser Jaswinder s samra Upper Gastrointestinal surgical Unit Royal North Shore HospitalUniversity of SydneySt.LeonardsSydneyNSW 2065Australia

BACKGROUND: Gallstone ileus is a heterogeneous and highly morbid condition that suffers from a lack of consensus regarding the timing and approach to management of the biliary tree and associated fistula. METHODs: We report three cases that demonstrate the spectrum of gallstone ileus with classical examples of both Barnard’s and Bouveret’s syndromes. Clinical presentation diagnostic imaging, surgical technique and outcome are discussed. REsULTs: One patient with Barnard’s syndrome presented with recurrent gallstone ileus. To minimize the risks of complex, definitive biliary surgery and avoid further recurrent episodes, a cholecystolithotomy was performed with effect Two cases of Bouveret’s syndrome were successfully managed with enterolithotomy/cholecystectomy and multivisceral resection respectively, thus highlighting the diverse nature of this disease and management options. CONCLUsIONs: Following enterolithotomy, potentially morbid definitive one-stage surgery in typically compromised, elderly patients needs to be weighed against the risk of recurrence and ongoing biliary pathology. We suggest the use of open cholecystolithotomy for the removal of residual gallstones when the patient is not suitable for definitive biliary surgery.

关键词： cholecystectomy biliary tract disease gallstone ileus biliary tract surgery

Evolutionary Process from Mockina bidentata to Parvigondolella andrusovi:Evidence from the Pizzo Mondello section,sicily,Italy

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Journal of Earth science 2021年第3期32卷 667-676页

作者： Yixing Du Tetsuji Onoue Viktor Karadi Ian s.williams Manuel Rigo Department of Geosciences University of Padova35131 PadovaItaly Department of Earth and Planetary sciences Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan Department of Palaeontology Eotvos Lorand UniversityBudapest 1117Hungary Research school of Earth sciences The Australian National UniversityACT 2601 CanberraAustralia Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources National Research Council of Italy35131 PadovaItaly

During their last phase of evolution,the pectiniform conodont elements manifested an evident trend of simplification and *** phase started from the late Norian(sevatian)in the Late Triassic and the evolutionary process of genus Mockina to Parvigondolella,in particular between Mockina bidentata and Parvigondolella andrusovi,is one of the most significant *** has been reported worldwide since it was first described in the early ***,it has recently been suggested that genus Parvigondolella is an ecostratigraphic morphotype of genus Mockina,and thus a phenotype controlled by the environmental conditions,and not an independent *** the Pizzo Mondello section(sicily,Italy),transitional forms between *** and *** have been found at different evolutionary *** have investigated the oceanic conditions at the time by using redox-sensitive elements(Mn,Fe,V,Cr,and Ni)and seawater temperatures from biogenetic δ^(18)Ophos to understand the possible environmental influences on the phylogenetic evolution between Mockina and *** geochemical and isotope analyses indicate that the redox condition and temperature were stable during the evolution of genus Parvigondolella in Pizzo Mondello,confirming that genus Parvigondolella is a real taxon and not a phenotype.A new conodont species named Parvigondolella ciarapicae *** described here for the first time.

关键词： conodont Late Triassic evolution oxygen isotope geochemistry

A cost-effective method to enhance adenoviral transduction of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells

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Bone Research 2016年第2期4卷 91-100页

作者： Atum M Buo Mark s williams Jaclyn P Kerr Joseph P stains Department of Orthopaedics University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine

We report here a method for the use of poly-L-lysine （PLL） to markedly improve the adenoviral transduction efficiency of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells （BMsCs） in culture and in situ, which are typically difficult to transduce. We show by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry that the addition of PLL to the viral-containing medium significantly increases the number of green fluorescence protein （GFP）-positive osteoblasts and BMsCs transduced with an enhanced GFP-expressing adenovirus. We also demonstrate that PLL can greatly enhance the adenoviral transduction of osteoblasts and osteocytes in situ in ex vivo tibia and calvaria, as well as in long bone fragments. In addition, we validate that PLL can improve routine adenoviral transduction studies by permitting the use of low multiplicities of infection to obtain the desired biologic effect. Ultimately, the use of PLL to facilitate adenoviral gene transfer in osteogenic cells can provide a cost-effective means of performing efficient gene transfer studies in the context of bone research.

关键词： A cost-effective method to enhance adenoviral transduction of primary murine osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells PLL bone

Exercise and oncology:The role of physical activity in disease prevention and health promotion

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Journal of sport and Health science 2023年第6期12卷 651-652,F0003页

作者： Zan Gao linda Trinh school of Kinesiology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Department of Kinesiology Recreationand Sport StudiesThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Faculty of Kinesiology&Physical Education University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 2W6Canada

The field of exercise-oncology has evolved significantly over the past 30 *** studies have examined the role of structured exercise interventions—often incorporating aerobic or resistance training at moderate-to-vigorous intensities,sometimes in conjunction with multi-modal strategies—for individuals living with and beyond cancer.

关键词： prevention promotion oncology