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Body temperature,activity patterns and hunting in free-living cheetah:biologging reveals new insights

Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 30-47页

作者： Robyn S.HETEM Duncan MITCHELL Brenda A.DE WITT linda g.fick Shane K.MALONEY Leith C.R.MEYER and Andrea FULLER School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Brain Function Research group School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Medical SchoolParktownJohannesburgSouth Africa School of Human Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia Department of Paraclinical Science Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa

As one of the few felids that is predominantly diurnal,cheetahs(Acinonyx jubatus)can be exposed to high heat loads in their natural *** is known about long-term patterns of body temperature and activity(including hunting)in cheetahs because long-term concurrent measurements of body temperature and activity have never been reported for cheetahs,or,indeed,for any free-living *** report here body temperature and locomo-tor activity measured with implanted data loggers over 7 months in 5 free-living cheetahs in *** tem-perature ranged from a maximum of 39°C in summer to−2°C in *** had higher(~0.4°C)max-imum 24-h body temperatures,later acrophase(~1 h),with larger fluctuations in the range of the 24-h body temperature rhythm(approximately 0.4°C)during a hot-dry period than during a cool-dry period,but main-tained homeothermy irrespective of the climatic *** ambient temperatures increased,the cheetahs shifted from a diurnal to a crepuscular activity pattern,with reduced activity between 900 and 1500 hours and increased nocturnal *** timing of hunts followed the general pattern of activity;the cheetahs hunted when they were on the *** hunted if an opportunity presented itself;on occasion they hunted in the midday heat or in total darkness(new moon).Biologging revealed insights into cheetah biology that are not ac-cessible by traditional observer-based techniques.

关键词： Acinonyx jubatus heat stress nocturnal intraguild predators moonlight

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New insights into the cell-and tissue-specificity of glucocorticoid actions

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第2期18卷 269-278页

作者： linda Quatrini Sophie Ugolini Department of Immunology IRCCS Bambino GesùChildren’s HospitalRomeItaly Aix Marseille Univ CNRSINSERMCentre d’Immunologie de Marseille-LuminyMarseilleFrance

glucocorticoids(gCs)are endogenous hormones that are crucial for the homeostasis of the organism and adaptation to the external *** of their anti-inflammatory effects,synthetic gCs are also extensively used in clinical ***,almost all cells in the body are sensitive to gC *** a result,these mediators have pleiotropic effects,which may be undesirable or detrimental to human ***,we summarize the recent findings that contribute to deciphering the molecular mechanisms downstream of glucocorticoid receptor *** also discuss the complex role of gCs in infectious diseases such as sepsis and COVID-19,in which the balance between pathogen elimination and protection against excessive inflammation and immunopathology needs to be tightly *** understanding of the cell type-and context-specific actions of gCs from the molecular to the organismal level would help to optimize their therapeutic use.

关键词： glucocorticoids inflammation immune response

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Harnessing memory adaptive regulatory T cells to control autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2012年第1期4卷 38-47页

作者： Cheng-Rui Li Bas J.g.Baaten linda M.Bradley Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute10901 North Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing b-cells in the pancreatic *** is an immediate need to restore both b-cell function and immune tolerance to control disease progression and ultimately cure ***,there is no effective treatment strategy to restore glucose regulation in patients with ***3-expressing CD4^(+) regulatory T cells(Tregs)are potential candidates to control autoimmunity because they play a central role in maintaining ***,deficiencies in either naturally occurring Tregs(nTregs)themselves and/or their ability to control pathogenic effector T cells have been associated with ***,we hypothesize that nTregs can be replaced by FoxP3^(+) adaptive Tregs(aTregs),which are uniquely equipped to combat autoreactivity in *** nTregs,aTregs are stable and provide long-lived *** this review,we summarize the current understanding of aTregs and their potential for use as an immunological intervention to treat T1D.

关键词： type 1 diabetes adaptive regulatory T cells autoimmunity immunotherapy

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Plant conservation in Australia:Current directions and future challenges

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Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 348-356页

作者： linda Broadhurst David Coates CANBR CSIRO National Research Collections Australia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions

Australia is a large, old and flat island continent that became isolated following the breakup of the gondwanan super continent. After more than 40-50 M years of independent evolution, approx. 600,000-700,000 species now call Australia home. More than 21,000 of these species are plants, with at least84% of these being endemic. Plant taxa are protected, conserved and managed under a range of legislation at the State-and Territory-level as well as Federally for matters of national significance. This can create issues of misalignment among threatened species lists but generally there is co-operation among conservation agencies to reduce misalignments and to manage species irrespective of jurisdictional borders. Despite significant investment in programs designed to assist the recovery of Australian biodiversity, threatened plants in particular appear to be continuing to decline. This can be attributed to a range of factors including major threatening processes associated with habitat loss and invasive species,lack of public awareness of the cultural and socio-economic value of plant conservation, and our relatively poor understanding of basic species taxonomy and biology, especially for those species that have specific interactions with pollinators, symbionts and herbivores. A recent shift in Federally-based conservation programs has been to identify 30 key plant species for recovery through the setting of measurable targets, improving the support provided to recovery teams and encouraging industry,business and philanthropy to support conservation actions.

关键词： Conservation Plant Australia Threatened species Recovery

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A functional paradigm for evaluating culture： An example with cetaceans

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 271-286页

作者： Alison linda gREggOR Department of Psychology University of California 3210 Tolman Hall Berkeley CA 94720-1650 USA

Nonhuman culture was first considered in nonhuman primates because they are genetically similar to humans. How- ever, evolution is not progressive and therefore many species may occupy niches that favor socially transmitted, group specific behavior. Not surprisingly, evidence for culture has accrued in several taxonomic groups, including cetaceans. If culture is an ada- ptation, it is imperative we understand the factors that favor its formation. Understanding the evolutionary origin of culture will allow for a wider range of species to be studied, including those that are difficult to test in the laboratory. I propose a broad-based functional paradigm for evaluating nonhuman culture; based on the idea that while not all cultural behaviors may garner fitness benefits to the individual, the ecological and social environments in which cultural behaviors evolved must have favored the physical attributes and social learning capabilities that allow for cultural formation. Specifically this framework emphasizes the relationships between social learning, ecology, social systems, and biology in relation to culture. I illustrate the utility of the func- tional paradigm with evidence from the ceteacean group, while setting the stage for a stringent species by species analysis. By means of contextualizing culture, the Functional Paradigm can evaluate a species＇ potential to exhibit culture and can investigate potentially cultural behaviors

关键词： Nonhuman culture Social learning Evolutionary fimction Cetaceans

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Using dogs for tiger conservation and research

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 390-396页

作者： linda L.KERLEY Zoological Society of London Regent’s Park LondonUK

This paper is a review of the history,development and efficacy of using dogs in wildlife studies and considers the use of dogs in the research and conservation of wild tigers(Panthera tigris Linnaeus,1758).Using scat detection dogs,scent-matching dogs,law enforcement detection dogs and protection dogs are proven methods that can be effectively used on *** methods all take advantage of the dog’s extremely evolved sense of smell that allows them to detect animals or animal byproducts(often the focus of tiger studies).Dogs can be trained to communicate this information to their handlers.

关键词： conservation detection dogs scats surveys tigers

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Evolution of an Eocene–Oligocene Saline Lake Depositional System and Its Controlling Factors, Jianghan Basin, China

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第6期25卷 959-976页

作者： Chunju Huang linda Hinnov State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology School of Earth SciencesChina University of Geosciences Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Johns Hopkins University

The Upper Eocene–Lower Oligocene Qianjiang Formation of the Jianghan Basin in central China consists of a 4700-m-thick lacustrine succession, containing 1800 m of halite deposits. The maximum thickness of the formation is 4700 m, and includes 1800 m of halite. We have identified eight third-order depositional sequences based on pinch-out and onlap stratigraphic patterns in 2-D and 3-D seismic data and well logs. The basin evolved from a deep to shallow under-filled lake during the Eocene–Oligocene interval. The main rock types are dark mudstones, halite, and siltstone/sandstone in the depocenter, and alternating mudstone and gypsum in shallower areas. The vertical succession indicates a strong sedimentary cyclicity. Depositional facies indicate the presence of two lake system types. Halite developed in a saline lake system, whereas clastic sediments were deposited in freshwater lake systems. The alternating sediment types indicate that the basin cycled repeatedly between saline and freshwater lake systems. This cyclicity was caused by availability of accommodation space that was controlled by a combination of climate change, tectonic subsidence and sediment supply; notably, the highest frequency cycles occurred at Milankovitch timescales controlled by the Earth＇s orbital variations. The cyclic halite plays an important role in generating and preserving oil in the Qianjiang Formation of the Qianjiang depression.

关键词： saline lake depositional sequence Eocene Oligocene Milankovitch cycle Jianghan Basin Qianjiang Formation

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Updates in diagnosis and management of pancreatic cysts

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2021年第34期27卷 5700-5714页

作者： linda S Lee Division of gastroenterology Hepatology and EndoscopyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA 02115United States

Incidental pancreatic cysts are commonly encountered with some cysts having malignant *** most common pancreatic cystic neoplasms include serous cystadenoma,mucinous cystic neoplasm and intraductal papillary mucinous *** stratifying pancreatic cysts is important in deciding whether patients may benefit from endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)or surgical *** should be reserved for patients with malignant cysts or cysts at high risk for developing malignancy as suggested by various risk features including solid mass,nodule and dilated main pancreatic *** may supplement magnetic resonance imaging findings for cysts that remain indeterminate or have concerning features on *** cyst fluid markers including carcinoembryonic antigen,glucose,amylase,cytology,and DNA markers help distinguish mucinous from nonmucinous *** review will guide the practicing gastroenterologist in how to evaluate incidental pancreatic cysts and when to consider referral for EUS or *** presumed low risk cysts,surveillance strategies will be *** pancreatic cysts requires an individualized approach that is directed by the various guidelines.

关键词： Pancreatic cyst Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration Serous cystadenoma Surveillance Carcinoembryonic antigen

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Special Issue Introduction-The Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Species Complex and Begomoviruses:Research Progress and Future Prospects

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 171-175页

作者： linda L Walling Department of Botany and Plant Sciences Center for Plant Cell Biology University of California Riverside 92521-0124USA

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex and the begomoviruses they transmit are devastating agricultural pests *** the rapid and further inva-sions by some members of the whitefly species complex into new regions,... 详细信息

关键词： Special Issue Introduction-The Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Species Complex and Begomoviruses

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Exercise and oncology:The role of physical activity in disease prevention and health promotion

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第6期12卷 651-652,F0003页

作者： Zan gao linda Trinh School of Kinesiology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Department of Kinesiology Recreationand Sport StudiesThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Faculty of Kinesiology&Physical Education University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 2W6Canada

The field of exercise-oncology has evolved significantly over the past 30 *** studies have examined the role of structured exercise interventions—often incorporating aerobic or resistance training at moderate-to-vigorous intensities,sometimes in conjunction with multi-modal strategies—for individuals living with and beyond cancer.

关键词： prevention promotion oncology

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