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Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

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Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne M. G. Neevel Kenneth D. S. Fernald linda H. M. van de Burgwal Athena Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Diseases Funding Decision Evaluation Criteria Health Research Funding Research Impact

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2023年城市野生动物故事

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第1期 30-32页

作者： linda Poon 程玺(译) 逸思(译) 不详

岐岐声、寒声和偶尔闪过眼前的轮廓提醒着我们,人类并非城市的唯一栖居者。自城市诞生以来,老鼠、浣熊和狐狸等动物一直与人类相伴相生。随着城市进一步扩张,深入周遭的自然领地,或横插人森林,人与城市野生动物的接触越来越多,这往往对... 详细信息

岐岐声、寒声和偶尔闪过眼前的轮廓提醒着我们,人类并非城市的唯一栖居者。自城市诞生以来,老鼠、浣熊和狐狸等动物一直与人类相伴相生。随着城市进一步扩张,深入周遭的自然领地,或横插人森林,人与城市野生动物的接触越来越多,这往往对动物不利。城区更高的气温不仅让人类在城市中生活得更难,对于在建筑环境中寻求庇护和资源的城市动物来说亦是如此。与此同时,人们也在加大力度保护这些脆弱的生态系统。

关键词：城市野生动物生态系统加大力度

Thermo-Mechanical, Physico-Chemical, Morphological, and Fire Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Particleboard Manufactured with Phosphorylated Lignin Addition

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第7期12卷 1311-1341页

作者： Apri Heri Iswanto Harisyah Manurung Asma Sohail Lee Seng Hua Petar Antov Deded Sarip Nawawi Sarah Latifah Dewi Shafa Kayla Sukma Surya Kusumah Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis linda MakovickáOsvaldová MohdHazwan Hussin Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian Lum Wei Chen Puji Rahmawati Nurcahyani Nam Hun Kim Widya Fatriasari Department of Forest Products Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraKampus USU Padang BulanMedanNorth Sumatra20155Indonesia Department of Chemistry Lahore College for Women UniversityLahore4444Pakistan Department of Wood Industry Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Cawangan Pahang Kampus JengkaShah Alam26400Malaysia Faculty of Forest Industry University of ForestrySofia1797Bulgaria Department of Forest Product Faculty of Forestry and EnvironmentIPB UniversityBogor16680Indonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Cibinong16911Indonesia Department of Forest Engineering Faculty of Security EngineeringUniversity of ZilinaZilina01001Slovakia Materials Technology Research Group(MaTReC) School of Chemical SciencesUniversiti SainsMalaysiaMindenPenang11800Malaysia Department of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Engineering and SciencesSRM University-APAmaravatiAndhra Pradesh522240India Department of Bio and Natural Resources Faculty of Bioengineering and TechnologyUniversitiMalaysia KelantanJeliKelantan17600Malaysia Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering College of Forest and Environmental SciencesKangwon National UniversityChuncheon24341Republic of Korea

Lignin,lignosulfonate,and synthesized phosphorylated lignosulfonate were introduced as greenﬁllers in citric acid-sucrose adhesives for bonding particleboard fabricated from areca leaf sheath(ALS).The characteristics of particleboards were compared to that of ultralow emitting formaldehyde(ULEF-UF).Theﬁllers derived from Eucalyptus ***-lignin were added forﬂame retardancy enhancement.10%of each lignin and modiﬁed lig-nin was added into the ULEF-UF and citric acid-sucrose bonded *** applied to particle-boards included thermal characteristics,X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),morphological properties,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),as well as physical,mechanical,andﬁre resistance characteristics of the laboratory-fabricated *** and modiﬁed lignin resulted in improved thermal stability of the composites bonded with ULEF-UF while the improvement in the particleboard bonded with citric acid-sucrose was not signiﬁ*** introduction ofﬁller exerted a higher inﬂuence on the UF-bonded particleboards compared to composites fabricated with citric ***,the presence of lignin,lignosulfonate,and phosphorylated lignosulfonate enhanced the mechanical strength of the ULEF-bonded particleboards,although their dimensional stability has ***,the use of lignin and lignosulfonate enhanced theﬁre resis-tance of the particleboards produced with lower observed weight *** laboratory particleboards exhibited satisfactoryﬁre resistance,attaining a V-0 rating in according to the UL-94 standard.

关键词： Modiﬁed lignin eco-friendly particleboard ﬁre and thermal properties citric acid-sucrose ultralow-emitting urea-formaldehyde resin

Prostate Cancer in the Thies Region, Senegal: Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 71-82页

作者： Saint Charles Nabab Kouka linda Bentefouet Mohamed Jalloh Ngor Mack Thiam Modou Faye Modou Diop Mohamed Cisse Amy Diame Yoro Diallo Cheickna Sylla Department of Urology Faculty of Health Sciences University Iba Der Thiam of Thies Thies Senegal Department of Anatomy Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences University Iba Der Thiam of Thies Thies Senegal Department of Urology University Cheikh Anta Diop De Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the leading urological cancer. It is the most common cancer in men over 50. Objective: To determine the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of prostate cancer in hospitals in the Thiès region. Patients and Methods: We conducted a descriptive study from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2020. We included all cases of primary prostate cancer confirmed on histology. Results: We collected data on 318 cases of primary prostate cancer during the study period. Mean patient age was 72.7 years (Range: 49;94 years). Family history of prostate cancer was found in 22 patients (6.91%). The average consultation time was 18.6 months. The circumstances of discovery were dominated by obstructive voiding disorders (97.16%). Digital Rectal examination was suggestive in 55.40% of patients. PSA level was above 20 ng/ml in 76.7% of patients. Prostatic adenocarcinoma was the only histological type (100%). Localized cancer represented 7.2% and locally advanced cancer occurred in 36.5% of cases, while metastatic cancer accounted for 56.3%. Radical prostatectomy was performed in 3.18% of cases. Mortality rate was estimated at 8.50% after 1 year. Conclusion: Prostate cancer is the leading urological cancer in the Thies region. It is characterized by the predominance of locally advanced and metastatic forms.

关键词： Prostate Cancer Epidemiology Histology Metastasis Mortality Thies

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插电式混动车在中国驶入快车道

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第4期 36-38页

作者： linda Lew Chunying Zhang Jinshan Hong 融汐(译) 不详

●随着中国电动汽车市场总体增长放缓,价格较为便宜、也可使用汽油的车型开始流行山姆·钟(Sam Zhong)最近开始挑选自己的第一辆车。他试驾了很多款汽油车和少量的纯电动车型,最终选定了比亚迪的插电式混合动力车“秦”。这款车总价不... 详细信息

●随着中国电动汽车市场总体增长放缓,价格较为便宜、也可使用汽油的车型开始流行山姆·钟(Sam Zhong)最近开始挑选自己的第一辆车。他试驾了很多款汽油车和少量的纯电动车型,最终选定了比亚迪的插电式混合动力车“秦”。这款车总价不到10万元人民币(约合1.39万美元),符合他的预算;可以在电池驱动的电机和传统内燃机之间切换的能力意味着,他可以在日常通勤时省钱,而长途旅行时却不用担心充电问题。

关键词：长途旅行电池驱动纯电动车汽油车比亚迪电动汽车增长放缓插电式混合动力车

数字普惠金融对消费结构的现状分析及政策建议

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经济师 2024年第3期 40-41页

作者：乔林达北京林业大学经济管理学院北京100083

数字普惠金融目前已成为影响居民消费结构的重要因素,文章分析了中国数字普惠金融与居民消费结构的发展现状,研究表明,数字普惠金融在我国的发展展现出强大的韧性和活力,居民消费结构也在不断升级中。数字普惠金融会影响居民消费结构,... 详细信息

数字普惠金融目前已成为影响居民消费结构的重要因素,文章分析了中国数字普惠金融与居民消费结构的发展现状,研究表明,数字普惠金融在我国的发展展现出强大的韧性和活力,居民消费结构也在不断升级中。数字普惠金融会影响居民消费结构,降低生存型消费占比并提升发展享受型支出占比,由此可见,数字普惠金融的发展会改善我国的居民消费结构。因此,应当推动数字普惠金融发展并加大监管力度,出台政策提升居民可支配收入,以此促进数字普惠金融与消费结构的良性发展。

关键词：数字普惠金融居民消费结构消费升级政策建议

利妥昔单抗联合GDP方案治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的效果及对免疫功能的影响

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临床医学研究与实践 2024年第23期9卷 38-41页

作者：钟林达河南科技大学第一附属医院血液内科河南洛阳471000

目的探讨利妥昔单抗联合吉西他滨+顺铂+地塞米松(GDP)方案治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的效果及对免疫功能的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2022年8月我院收治的106例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者,根据治疗方案不同将其分为对照组(53例)和观察组(53例)。... 详细信息

目的探讨利妥昔单抗联合吉西他滨+顺铂+地塞米松(GDP)方案治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的效果及对免疫功能的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2022年8月我院收治的106例非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者,根据治疗方案不同将其分为对照组(53例)和观察组(53例)。对照组采用GDP方案治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用利妥昔单抗治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的疾病控制率(DCR)为96.23%,高于对照组的84.91%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利妥昔单抗联合GDP方案治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者效果显著,可改善免疫功能,降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,且用药安全性高。

关键词：非霍奇金淋巴瘤利妥昔单抗免疫功能

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糠醛渣增强粗甘油基聚氨酯泡沫性能的研究

林产化学与工业 2024年第1期44卷 65-73页

作者：付凯阎振丽李梦雨陈玮张琳达常春郑州大学化工学院河南郑州450001 车用生物燃料技术国家重点实验室河南南阳473000 河南省生物基化学品绿色制造重点实验室河南濮阳457000 河南省杰出外籍科学家工作室河南郑州450001

采用一锅法将生物柴油副产物粗甘油(CG)转化为生物基多元醇(CG-polyol),并以糠醛渣(FR)为增强填料,共混发泡制备出一种FR增强生物基聚氨酯(PU/FR)泡沫复合材料。通过对PU/FR泡沫的结构形貌、热稳定性、发泡时间、密度和压缩强度进行表征... 详细信息

采用一锅法将生物柴油副产物粗甘油(CG)转化为生物基多元醇(CG-polyol),并以糠醛渣(FR)为增强填料,共混发泡制备出一种FR增强生物基聚氨酯(PU/FR)泡沫复合材料。通过对PU/FR泡沫的结构形貌、热稳定性、发泡时间、密度和压缩强度进行表征,探究了糠醛渣粒径(0.25 mm、 0.09 mm样品分别标记为FR60和FR180)和添加量对PU/FR泡沫性能的影响。结果表明:通过热转化法合成的CG-polyol酸值为1.9 mg/g、羟值为406 mg/g、黏度为1 092 mPa·s,该多元醇适合用于制备PU泡沫。FR的加入延长了发泡时间,最大上升时间和不粘时间分别由未添加时的29和31 s提高到37和39 s,泡孔结构更加完整,泡孔尺寸减少,破碎现象明显减少。FR添加量≤5%时,可有效提高泡沫的密度和压缩强度;当添加量相同时,FR180填料对泡沫的性能提升更显著;当FR180添加量为5%时制备的PU/FR180-5泡沫复合材料的压缩强度达到最大为0.153 3 MPa,相比未添加FR的泡沫提高了28.1%,此时密度为0.051 0 g/cm~3,导热系数为0.032 8 W/(m·K),复合材料的综合性能较好。同时FR的添加可适当提高PU泡沫材料的热稳定性,相比未添加FR的泡沫的最大热解速率温度(T_(max))453℃,PU/FR180-5泡沫的T_(max)达到463℃。

关键词：糠醛渣粗甘油高值化聚氨酯泡沫

Post-Traumatic Palatine Odontogenic Abscess: About 2 Cases

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第7期14卷 336-340页

作者： Aké Lucien Jonathan Yapo Bakary Ouattara Koffi Laurent Boka Konan René Kouakou Ahi Morel Mounin Chapo Affoué linda Marie Pierre Koffi Kahder Morel Diarra Rokiatou Koné-Kamaté Konan Marc Koffi Department of Stomatology Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery University Hospital of Cocody Abidjan Republic of Cote dIvoire

Introduction: Palatal abscess or cellulitis of dental origin is a rare clinical form of circumscribed cellulitis that can sometimes pose a diagnostic problem. It is the consequence of poor or non-treatment of dental caries or trauma. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and therapeutic aspects of these two cases of palatal cellulitis of post-traumatic dental origin. Observation: The patients consulted for painful palatal swelling secondary to untreated dental trauma of the 21s. The diagnosis of palatal cellulitis was based on the inflammatory and fluctuating nature of the swelling. A probabilistic bi-antibiotic treatment and an incision and drainage associated with treatment of the portal of entry were carried out. Progression was favourable in both cases. Conclusion: Palatal cellulitis is a rare condition and can be prevented by systematic stomatological consultation after dental trauma. Diagnosis is clinical. However, CT scans are sometimes useful. The course is generally favorable with appropriate treatment.

关键词： Abscess Palate Dental Trauma