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The Other Face of the Nucleus Accumbens:Aversion

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2016年第6期32卷 569-571页

作者： Ying han lin Lu Institute of Mental Health National Clinical Research Center for Mental DisordersKey Laboratory of Mental Healthand Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking University National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Peking University Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking University

The nucleus accumbens （NAc） is thought to integrate information that is conveyed by （1） dopaminergic inputs from the midbrain and （2） glutamatergic inputs from limbic and cortical regions, including the amygdala, prefrontal cortex （PFC）, hippocampus, and thalamus [1], and signal to the basal ganglia motor system to guide appropriate behaviors. Addictive drug use is proposed to hijack this system, enhancing the brain＇s reactivity to drug cues and triggering drug-seeking and relapse after prolonged with- drawal [2, 3]. Both positive reinforcement （rewarding effects of drugs） and negative reinforcement （aversive emotional state associated with withdrawal） have been considered to play critical roles in the etiology and main- tenance of drug addiction, and NAc neurons are capable of processing both reward and aversion [4, 5]. Optogenetic activation of inputs from the PFC, ventral hippocampus （vHipp）, and basolateral amygdala （BLA） to the NAc drives positive reinforcement and facilitates reward- seeking behavior [6, 7], but a recent paper in Nature [8] has identified another face of the NAc. The pathway from the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus （PVT） to the NAc is key to the aversive emotional state of drug withdrawal.

关键词： PVT MSNs

Subsurface irrigation with ceramic emitters improves wolfberry yield and economic benefits on the Tibetan Plateau, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第11期15卷 1376-1390页

作者： han Mengxue ZhanG lin LIU Xiaoqiang College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Department of Foreign Languages Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Climate warming has led to the expansion of arable land at high altitudes,but it has also increased the demand for water use efficiency(WUE).To address this issue,the development of water-saving irrigation technology has become crucial in improving water productivity and economic *** study aimed to assess the impacts of three irrigation methods on water productivity and economic returns in wolfberry(Lycium barbarum L.)cultivation on the Tibetan Plateau,China during a two-year field *** showed that subsurface irrigation with ceramic emitters(SICE)outperformed surface drip irrigation(DI)and subsurface drip irrigation(SDI)in terms of wolfberry *** the two-year period,the average yield with SICE increased by 8.0%and 2.3%compared with DI and SDI,*** improvement can be attributed to the stable soil moisture and higher temperature accumulation achieved with ***,SICE exhibited higher WUE,with 14.6%and 4.5%increases compared with DI and SDI,*** addition to the agronomic benefits,SICE also proved advantageous in terms of economic *** average annual input costs of SICE were lower than the other two methods starting from the 8th ***,the benefit-cost ratio of SICE surpassed the other methods in the 4th year and continued to widen the gap with subsequent *** findings highlight SICE as an economically viable water-saving irrigation strategy for wolfberry cultivation on the Tibetan ***,this research not only provides an effective water-saving irrigation strategy for wolfberry cultivation but also offers insights into addressing irrigation-related energy challenges in other crop production systems.

关键词： irrigation system soil water content soil temperature water use efficiency economic benefit

Green revolution in electronic displays expected to ease energy and health crises

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第3期10卷 327-340页

作者： Yuyang Wang Hui Nie Jinsong han Yaxun An Yu-mo Zhang Sean Xiao-An Zhang State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Co. LtdHeihe Power Supply CompanyHeihe 164300China Jiaxing IrS Display Technology Co. LtdJiashan 314113China

The technological revolution of long-awaited energy-saving and vision-friendly displays represented by bistable display technology is *** we discuss methods,challenges,and opportunities for implementing bistable displays in terms of molecular design,device structure,further expansion,and required criteria,hopefully benefiting the light-related community.

关键词： energy electronic revolution

Mizagliflozin ameliorates diabetes induced kidney injury by inhibitor inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第1期16卷 91-103页

作者： Zhi-Min lin han-Yuan Gao Shu-han Shi Yue-Ting Li Department of Nephrology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhou 362000Fujian ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Mizagliflozin(MIZ)is a specific inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransport protein 1(SGLT1)originally developed as a medication for *** To explore the impact of MIZ on diabetic nephropathy(DN).METHODS Diabetic mice were created using db/db *** were administered either a low dose(0.5 mg/kg)or a high dose(1.0 mg/kg)of the SGLT1 inhibitor MIZ via stomach gavage for 8 ***,mesangial cells(MCs)were isolated and subjected to high glucose conditions in culture to assess the effects of MIZ on *** The results showed that low doses of MIZ significantly reduced albuminuria to a level comparable to that achieved with high doses in db/db *** doses of MIZ led to a substantial increase in body weight in mice,along with decreased blood glucose levels and food ***,the intervention with high-dose MIZ notably decreased the expression of extracellular matrix genes,such as collagen type 1 alpha 1 mRNA *** the expression of SGLT1 increased after exposure to high glucose,it decreased following treatment with ***,MIZ intervention was more effective in improving lactate dehydrogenase levels in MCs induced by high glucose compared to *** also significantly elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase,catalase,and glutathione,while reducing malondialdehyde *** These findings indicate that MIZ can ameliorate DN by inhibiting SGLT1,inflammation,and oxidative stress.

关键词： Mizagliflozin Sodium-glucose cotransport protein 1 Diabetic nephropathy Mesangial cells

Ellipsometric Studies of Polyaniline-Effective Dimension of“Conducting”States

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Chinese Physics Letters 1998年第3期15卷 219-220页

作者： YU Zhao-xian lin Yong-yao mo Dang Department of Physics Zhongshan UniversityGuangzhou 510275

A model of fractional-dimensional space is employed to study the measured ellipsometric spectra of polyaniline with acid doping *** from some band parameters,the important dimensional properties of electronic states in the system associated with direct interband transitions can be *** results indicate that as doping density is increased,the effective dimension(D)of electron states in the polyaniline changes from about 1.5D t o near 2.6D,in the same time the polyaniline shows an insulator-metal transition.A brief discussion about the results is given.

关键词： transition doping polyaniline

The Nonlinear Singularly Perturbed Initial Boundary Value Problems of Nonlocal Reaction Diffusion Systems

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2006年第2期22卷 277-286页

作者： Jia-qi mo Wan-tao lin Department of Mathematics Huzhou Teachers College Huzhou 313000 China Division of Computational Science E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities at SJTU Shanghai 200240 China LASC Institute of Atmosheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

In this paper the singularly perturbed initial boundary value problems for the nonlocal reaction diffusion system are considered. Using the iteration method and the comparison theorem, the existence and its asymptotic... 详细信息

关键词： Reaction diffusion system singular perturbation initial boundary value problem

Geometric Phase in Optical Fiber

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Chinese Physics Letters 1999年第5期16卷 316-317页

作者： ZHOU Yi WU Zhen-hua GE mo-lin Center for Advanced Study Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084

An additional geometric phase viewed as Berry's phase is found in helically coiled monomode optical fiber when linear birefiingences are induced by *** phase appears when the optical axis and normal vector do not coin... 详细信息

关键词： material. optical fiber

Stride Strategy to Enable a Quasi-ergodic Search of Reaction Pathways Demonstrated by Ring-opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第5期41卷 745-759,I0009页

作者： Wei-han Rao lin Yu Jian-Dong Ding State Key Laboratory of molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Coordination-insertion ring-opening polymerization(ROP)of cyclic esters is an industrial way to synthesize polyesters,which are widely applied in biomedical and environment-benign ***,the rate-determining transition state(TS)identified by the conventional reaction pathways(pathway A and pathway B)presented in the literature did not well describe the structure-reactivity *** misidentification of the rate-determining TS might arise from the less ergodicity in the search of reaction ***,we suggested a stride strategy based on the insight that even a partial double bond is rotatable at the catalysis *** a result,we revealed a new reaction pathway,pathway C with a torsion transition state TSC2,by density functional theory(DFT).We also carried out kinetic experiments of ROP of D-lactide(D-LA),L-lactide(L-LA),ε-caprolactone(CL),andδ-valerolactone(VL),using poly(ethylene glycol)as the initiator and stannous octoate as the *** excellent linearity between the calculated free energy barriers and logarithms of the experimental kinetic constants of the two kinds of lactide and lactone monomers,was established,validating the quasi-ergodic search of reaction pathways and the scaling predicted by transition state *** linearity was highly predictive for the other lactide and lactone monomers,demonstrated by glycolide(GA)and trimethylene urethane(TU).

关键词： Coordination-insertion mechanism Ring-opening polymerization Density functional theory Biodegradable polymer Lactide Lactone Cyclic ester

A Class of Nonlinear Singularly Perturbed Problems for Reaction Diffusion Equations with Boundary Perturbation

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2006年第1期22卷 27-32页

A class of nonlinear singularly perturbed problems for reaction diffusion equations with boundary perturbation are considered. Under suitable conditions, the asymptotic behavior of solution for the initial boundary va... 详细信息

关键词： Nonlinear reaction diffusion singular perturbation ,boundary perturbation