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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.j. Bi, Y.j. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, j. Chang, j.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.s. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, lin Chen, Long Chen, M.j. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, s. Chen, s.H. Chen, s.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, s.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, j.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, j. Fang, j.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, s.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, s. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.s. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, j.Y. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, s.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.j. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. ji, X.L. jia, H.Y. jia, K. jiang, K. jiang, X.W. jiang, Z.j. jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, jian Li, jie Li, K. Li, s.D. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. lin, s.j. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, j. Liu, j.L. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, s.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, j.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.j. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.j. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, j.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, j.j. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. sáiz, A. saeed, M. semikoz, D. shao, L. shchegolev, O. sheng, X.D. shu, F.W. song, H.C. stenkin, Yu.V. stepanov, V. su, Y. sun, D.X. sun, Q.N. sun, X.N. sun, Z.B. Takata, j. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany school of Physical science and Technology & school of Information science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China school of Astronomy and space science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & school of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of sciences Moscow 117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China University of science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China state Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China school of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China school of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & school of Physics (Guangzhou) & sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (sNR) W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51B. However, the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains elusive. Based on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air shower Observatory (LHAAsO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LHAAsO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. By combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of sNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LHAAsO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 science China Press

关键词： Cosmic rays

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single-atom Pt on carbon nanotubes for selective electrocatalysis

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 63-71页

作者： samuel s.Hardisty Xiaoqian lin Anthony R.j.Kucernak David Zitoun Department of Chemistry Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials(BINA)Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael Department of Chemistry Molecular Science Research HubImperial College LondonLondonUK

Utilizing supported single atoms as catalysts presents an opportunity to reduce the usage of critical raw materials such as platinum,which are essential for electrochemical reactions such as hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Herein,we describe the synthesis of a Pt single electrocatalyst inside single-walled carbon nanotubes(sWCNTs)via a redox *** via electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy show the single-atom nature of the *** electrochemical behavior of the sample to hydrogen and oxygen was investigated using the advanced floating electrode technique,which minimizes mass transport limitations and gives a thorough insight into the activity of the *** single-atom samples showed higher HOR activity than state-of-the-art 30%Pt/C while almost no oxygen reduction reaction activity in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating *** selective activity toward HOR arose as the main fingerprint of the catalyst confinement in the sWCNTs.

关键词： confinement electrocatalysis hydrogen platinum single atom catalysts

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The quasi-Gramian solution of a non-commutative extension of the higher-order nonlinear schr?dinger equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 51-61页

作者： H W A Riaz j lin Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

The nonlinear schr?dinger(NLs)equation,which incorporates higher-order dispersive terms,is widely employed in the theoretical analysis of various physical *** this study,we explore the non-commutative extension of the higher-order NLs *** treat real or complex-valued functions,such as g_(1)=g_(1)(x,t)and g_(2)=g_(2)(x,t)as non-commutative,and employ the Lax pair associated with the evolution equation,as in the commutation *** derive the quasi-Gramian solution of the system by employing a binary Darboux *** soliton solutions are presented explicitly within the framework of *** visually understand the dynamics and solutions in the given example,we also provide simulations illustrating the associated ***,the solution can be used to study the stability of plane waves and to understand the generation of periodic patterns within the context of modulational instability.

关键词： integrable systems Darboux transformation solitons

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磁共振成像技术及多普勒超声在量化测定狭窄的二尖瓣面积时的比较

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 45-46页

作者： lin s.j. Brown P.A. Watkins M.P. s.D. Caruthers 刘豫 Cardiovascular Di vision Washington Univ. School of Medicine St. Louis MO United StatesDr.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the pr essure half-time(PHT) method for estimating mitral valve areas(MVAs) by velocit y-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance(VE-CMR) and to compare the method with paired Doppler ultrasound. Background The pressure halftime Doppler echocar diography method is a practical technique for clinical evaluation of mitral sten osis. As CMR continues evolving as a routine clinical tool, its use for estimati ng MVA requires thorough evaluation. Methods seventeen patients with mitral sten osis underwent echocardiography and CMR. Using VE-CMR, MVA was estimated by PHT method. Additionally, peak E and peak A velocities were defined. Interobserver repeatability of VE-CMR was evaluated. Results By Doppler, MVAs ranged from 0.8 7 to 4.49 cm2; by CMR, 0.91 to 2.70 cm2, correlating well between modalities (r= 0.86). The correlation coefficient for peak E and peak A between modalities was 0.81 and 0.89, respectively. Velocity-encoded CMR data analysis provided robust , repeatable estimates of peak E, peak A, and MVA (r=0.99, 0.99, and 0.96, respe ctively). Conclusions Velocity-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance can be used routinely as a robust tool to quantify MVA via mitral flow velocity analys is with PHT method.

关键词：磁共振成像技术二尖瓣面积血流速度可重复性多普勒超声法二尖瓣血流通过速度峰流速常用技术数据分析

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Effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 52-62页

作者： Mingcheng HU Andrew j.WADE Weishou sHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIU Xiangui lin jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental science University of ReadingReading RG66 DWUK Haina Research Institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China state Key Laboratory of soil and sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Rice fields are a major source of greenhouse gases,such as nitrous oxide (N_(2)O) and methane (CH_(4)).Organic fertilizers may potentially replace inorganic fertilizers to meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth;however,the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O and CH_(4)emissions and crop yield in paddy fields remain poorly understood and *** this study,experimental plots were established in conventional double-cropping paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta,China,including an unfertilized control and five fertilizer treatments with fresh organic fertilizer (FOF),successively composted organic fertilizer (sOF),chemically composted organic fertilizer (COF),COF supplemented with inorganic fertilizer (COIF),and chemical fertilizers (CFs)(TFOF,TsOF,TCOF,TCOIF,and TCF,respectively).Paddy field soils behaved simultaneously as an N_(2)O sink (cumulative N_(2)O emission:-196 to-381 g N ha^(-1)) and as a CH_(4)source (cumulative CH_(4)emission:719 to 2 178 kg ha^(-1)).Compared to CFs,the effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O emission were not *** contrast,total annual CH_(4)emission increased by 157%,132%,125%,and 37%in TFOF,TCOF,TsOF,and TCOIF,respectively,compared to *** TCOIF,rice yield was maintained,while CH_(4)emission was not significantly increased from the paddy fields characterized by a prolonged flood *** important next step is to extend these field-based measurements to larger rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional and national-scale impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and to help determine the optimum practice for fertilizer use.

关键词： crop production global warming potential greenhouse gases manure paddy sustainable agriculture

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sequential good lattice point sets for computer experiments

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science China Mathematics 2024年第9期67卷 2153-2170页

作者： Xue-Ru Zhang Yong-Dao Zhou Min-Qian Liu Dennis K.j.lin NITFID LPMC&KLMDASRSchool of Statistics and Data ScienceNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of statistics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

sequential Latin hypercube designs(sLHDs) have recently received great attention for computer experiments, with much of the research restricted to invariant spaces. The related systematic construction methods are inflexible, and algorithmic methods are ineffective for large designs. For designs in contracting spaces, systematic construction methods have not been investigated yet. This paper proposes a new method for constructing sLHDs via good lattice point sets in various experimental spaces. These designs are called sequential good lattice point(sGLP) sets. Moreover, we provide efficient approaches for identifying the(nearly)optimal sGLP sets under a given criterion. Combining the linear level permutation technique, we obtain a class of asymptotically optimal sLHDs in invariant spaces, where the L1-distance in each stage is either optimal or asymptotically optimal. Numerical results demonstrate that the sGLP set has a better space-filling property than the existing sLHDs in invariant spaces. It is also shown that sGLP sets have less computational complexity and more adaptability.

关键词： contracting space maximin distance nested Latin hypercube design sequential design space-fillingdesign

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Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among ***

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journal of sport and Health science 2024年第2期13卷 195-203页

作者： jingwen Liao Min Hu Kellie Imm Clifton j.Holmes.j.e Zhu Chao Cao lin Yang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Guangzhou Sport UniversityGuangzhou 510500China scientific Research Center Guangzhou Sport UniversityGuangzhou 510500China Division of Epidemiology&Genetics Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Program in Physical Therapy Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA Center for Human Nutrition Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery Shanghai East HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai 200070China Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Alberta Health ServicesCalgary T2S 3C3Canada Department of Oncology and Community Health sciences University of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada

Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy ***,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat *** investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among ***:This was a cross-sectional analysis of *** representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or *** sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity *** fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray ***:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past *** fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both *** stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently *** the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/***:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among *** higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.

关键词： Adults Body fat distribution Physical activity sitting time

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Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： D.LEE s.CHANG j.LEE Department of Automotive Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea school of Mechanical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random *** method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data *** the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random *** allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data *** substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing ***,the GPCE with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional *** numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the proposed method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE) static reanalysis method static condensation substructuring

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Effects of higher femoral tunnels on clinical outcomes,MRI,and second-look findings in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a minimal 5-year follow-up

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Chinese Medical journal 2024年第4期137卷 465-472页

作者： lin lin Haijun Wang jian Wang Yongjian Wang Yourong Chen jiakuo Yu sports Medicine Department Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports InjuriesPeking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Peking University Institute of sports Medicine Beijing 100191China

Background:To perform anatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR),tunnels should be placed relatively higher in the femoral anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)footprint based on the findings of direct and indirect femoral *** the clinical results of higher femoral tunnels(HFT)in double-bundle ACLR(DB-ACLR)remain *** purpose was to investigate the clinical results of HFT and lower femoral tunnels(LFT)in ***:From september 2014 to February 2016,83 patients who underwent DB-ACLR and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into HFT-ACLR(group 1,n=37)and LFT-ACLR(group 2,n=46)according to the position of femoral *** and at the final follow-up,clinical scores were evaluated with International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),Tegner activity,and Lysholm *** stability of the knee was evaluated with KT-2000,Lachman test,and pivot-shift *** degeneration grades of the International Cartilage Repair society(ICRs)were evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Graft tension,continuity,and synovialization were evaluated by second-look ***-to-sports was assessed at the final ***:significantly better improvement were found for KT-2000,Lachman test,and pivot-shift test postoperatively in group 1(P>0.05).Posterolateral bundles(PL)showed significantly better results in second-look arthroscopy regarding graft tension,continuity,and synovialization(Ps in group *** the final follow-up,cartilage worsening was observed in groups 1 and 2,but it did not reach a stastistically significant difference(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences were found in IKDC subjective score,Tegner activity,and Lysholm score between the two *** return-to-sports rate was found in group 1 with 86.8%(32/37)vs.65.2%(30/46)in group 2(P=0.027).Conclusion:The HFT-ACLR group showed better stability results,better PL,and higher return-to-spo

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Direct insertion Double bundle second-look arthroscopy Femoral tunnel Anterior cruciate ligament rupture

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Meibomian glands segmentation in infrared images with limited annotation

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第3期17卷 401-407页

作者： jia-Wen lin ling-jie lin Feng Lu Tai-Chen Lai jing Zou lin-ling Guo Zhi-Ming lin Li Li College of Computer and Data science Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108Fujian ProvinceChina Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108Fujian ProvinceChina shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Fujian Provincial Hospital South BranchFujian Provincial HospitalFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina

●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODs:Totally 203 infrared meibomian images from 138 patients with dry eye disease,accompanied by corresponding annotations,were gathered for the study.A rectified scribble-supervised gland segmentation(RssGs)model,incorporating temporal ensemble prediction,uncertainty estimation,and a transformation equivariance constraint,was introduced to address constraints imposed by limited supervision information inherent in scribble *** viability and efficacy of the proposed model were assessed based on accuracy,intersection over union(IoU),and dice coefficient.●REsULTs:Using manual labels as the gold standard,RssGs demonstrated outcomes with an accuracy of 93.54%,a dice coefficient of 78.02%,and an IoU of 64.18%.Notably,these performance metrics exceed the current weakly supervised state-of-the-art methods by 0.76%,2.06%,and 2.69%,***,despite achieving a substantial 80%reduction in annotation costs,it only lags behind fully annotated methods by 0.72%,1.51%,and 2.04%.●CONCLUsION:An innovative automatic segmentation model is developed for MGs in infrared eyelid images,using scribble annotation for *** model maintains an exceptionally high level of segmentation accuracy while substantially reducing training *** holds substantial utility for calculating clinical parameters,thereby greatly enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of ophthalmologists in evaluating meibomian gland dysfunction.

关键词： infrared meibomian glands images meibomian gland dysfunction meibomian glands segmentation weak supervision scribbled annotation

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