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Method to assess component contribution to toxicity of complex mixtures： Assessment of puberty acquisition in rats exposed to disinfection byproducts

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 311-321页

作者： Shahid Parvez Glenn E.rice Linda K.Teuschler Jane Ellen Simmons Thomas f.Speth Susan D.richardson richard J.Miltner E.Sidney Hunter Ⅲ Jonathan G.Pressman lillian f.strad.r Gary r.Klinefelter Jerome M.Goldman Michael G.Narotsky Indiana University richard M. fairbanks School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences IUPUI Campus Indianapolis IN 46202 USA National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Lincla Teuschler and Associates St. Petersburg FL 33707 USA National Health and Environmental Effects research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA National risk Management research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA

A method based on regression modeling was developed to discern the contribution of component chemicals to the toxicity of highly complex, environmentally realistic mixtures of disinfection byproducts（DBPs）. Chemical disinfection of drinking water forms DBP *** of concerns about possible reproductive and developmental toxicity, a whole mixture（WM） of DBPs produced by chlorination of a water concentrate was administered as drinking water to Sprague–Dawley（S–D） rats in a multigenerational study. Age of puberty acquisition,i.e., preputial separation（PPS） and vaginal opening（VO）, was examined in male and female offspring, respectively. When compared to controls, a slight, but statistically significant delay in puberty acquisition was observed in females but not in males. WM-induced differences in the age at puberty acquisition were compared to those reported in S–D rats administered either a defined mixture（DM） of nine regulated DBPs or individual DBPs. regression models were developed using individual animal data on age at PPS or VO from the DM study. Puberty acquisition data reported in the WM and individual DBP studies were then compared with the DM models. The delay in puberty acquisition observed in the WM-treated female rats could not be distinguished from delays predicted by the DM regression model, suggesting that the nine regulated DBPs in the DM might account for much of the delay observed in the WM. This method is applicable to mixtures of other types of chemicals and other endpoints.

关键词： Drinking water disinfection byproducts DBP Puberty delay four Lab Study Mixtures risk assessment

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Situations of Domestic Violence against Children and Adolescents in a Northeastern Brazilian Capital

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Open Journal of Nursing 2016年第9期6卷 633-642页

作者： Eliane Santos Cavalcante francisco Arnoldo Nunes de Miranda Lannuzya V. e Oliveira Glauber W. dos Santos Silva Gustavo Ávila Dias romeika C. f. de Sena Suerda lillian da fonseca Lins Cleonice A. A. Cavalcante Izaura Luzia Silvério freire João E. da Costa Health School Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil Nursing Department Postgraduate Program in Nursing Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil Natal Health City Department Natal Brazil

Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of children and adolescents who are victims of domestic violence. Method: This is a cross sectional and descriptive study, following a quantitative approach, conducted from September to December 2013, at the SOS CHILD service, in the city of Natal, rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The research protocol was approved by CEP/UfrN under CAAE 0166.***.051.000-11. results: In the analysis of 69 children, the results were presented from three points of view: 1) the victim—female (56.5%), aged one to 11 years old (66.7%) and lived with one of the parents (43.5%);2) the abuser—female (60.9%) in the 14 - 23 years old and 34 - 43 years old, with the same percentage (24.6%), history of alcohol use and abuse (42.0%), the mother was the one who attacked the most (34.7%);3) types of violence, among the physical ones, the most frequent were slaps (43.2%) and punches (18.9%);the prevalence, among the psychological violence, were curses (35.4%) and abuse (27.8%);negligence, omission of care (73.5%), deprivation of care for personal appearance (18.4%);among sexual violence: sexual caresses (57.1%) and forced sex (42.9%). Conclusion: Children and adolescents placed in an unfavorable social-economic context, under the care of mothers with a history of use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs, are more vulnerable to intra-domiciliary violence.

关键词： Exposure to Violence Domestic Violence Child Health Adolescent Health

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