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Challenge of hepatitis C in Egypt and hepatitis B in Mauritania

World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第9期10卷 549-557页

作者： Issam I Raad Anne-Marie Chaftari Harrys A Torres Ehab Mouris Ayoub liliane iskander narouz Jalen Bartek Ray Hachem Department of Infectious Diseases Infection Control and Employee Healththe University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Department of Internal Medicine Harpur Memorial Hospital Faculty of Nursing Cairo University Division of Internal Medicine the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Egypt has one of the highest prevalence rates of hepatitis C virus(HCV) in the world,mostly with genotype 4 that is highly associated with severe fibrosis. As a consequence,hepatocellular carcinoma has become the leading cause of cancer in this country. Mauritania is a highly endemic area for hepatitis B virus(HBV). HBV and HCV could both be iatrogenically transmitted through infected blood products,infected needles,and medical equipment improperly sterilized. Adequate and efficient healthcare and public health measures with good surveillance programs,access for screening,prevention strategies,and successful treatment are needed to halt the spread of these diseases. Herein,we have reviewed the epidemiology,modes of transmission,predisposing factors,and novel treatment modalities of these viruses. We have proposed practices and interventions to decrease the risk of transmission of HCV and HBV in the affected countries,including strict adherence to standard precautions in the healthcare setting,rigorous education and training of patients and healthcare providers,universal screening of blood donors,use of safetyengineered devices,proper sterilization of medical equipment,hepatitis B vaccination,as well as effective direct-acting antiviral agents for the treatment of HCV.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Hospital acquired infection World Health Organization Hepatitis delta virus Hepatitis C virus

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