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Underutilized Plant Species in Far West nepal

Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 589-600页

作者： Ripu M.KUnWAR Laxmi MAHAT lila n.sharma Keshab P.SHRESTHA Hiroo KOMInEE Rainer W.BUSSMAnn Centre for Biological Conservation Kirtipur-3NayabazarKathmanduNepal GPO Box 19925 Kalanki-1444600KathmanduNepal natural History Museum SwayambhuTribhuvan University Hatai Clinic KYG Iryoukai Medical Association2-47-22 Togo Iryou Building 1F NakachoTokyoJapan William L.Brown Center Missouri Botanical GardenSt.LouisMO 63110USA

Underutilized plant species help to alleviate common food insufficiencies by providing alternative food supply. They also complement primary health care, furnishing raw materials where the cultivation of staple cereal crops is least feasible and health care is pursued indigenously. Research and promotion of extraction, utilization, and conservation of underutilized species lead to exploration of new staple crops and motivate people to consume in a sustainable manner. The present study describes the current status, uses, and management of underutilized plant species in Far West nepal. The relative importance of 49 underutilized plant species was computed employing a Relative Importance (RI) technique. The use-values assigned to the species fall into six use-categories: beverage, fodder, food & edible, medicinal, vegetable and veterinary. A total of 22 species appeared in multiple use-categories, while the rest were characterized by a single use-category. Based on relative importance and frequency, Ficus semicordata, Debregesia longifolia, Girardinea diversifolia, Hydrocotyle nepalensis, Garuga pinnata, Aloe vera and Pyrus pashia offer the most potential for future. Underutilized plants proved important to folk medicine and food. These species persist because they remain useful to local people as means of subsistence, production, and primary health care. The findings are important so far as they point up the role of underutilized plants in national food security policy and health care, spelling out their potentialities and cross cutting relationships.

关键词： Underutilized plants Relativeimportance (R/) Ethnoveterinary use Conservation nepal

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Some new results on time-varying Stratonovich and Itô bilinear stochastic systems

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Journal of Control and Decision 2014年第4期1卷 283-298页

作者： nanasaheb S.Patil Shambhu n.sharma Department of Electrical Engineering S.V.National Institute of TechnologySuratIndia

The bilinear stochasticity of dynamical systems is attributed to the input–output coupling term,where the input is a random input and the state is the output of dynamical *** influenced bilinear systems are described via bilinear stochastic differential *** this paper,first we construct a mathematical method for the closed-form solution to a scalar Stratonovich time-varying bilinear stochastic differential equation driven by a vector random input as well as the Itô***,the analytic results of the paper are applied to an electrical circuit that assumes the structure of a bilinear stochastic dynamic *** noise analysis of the bilinear dynamic circuit is achieved by deriving the mean and variance equations as *** theory of this paper hinges on the‘Stratonovich calculus’,conversion of the Stratonovich integral into the Itôintegral and characteristic function of the vector Brownian *** results of this paper will be useful for research communities looking for estimation and control of bilinear stochastic differential systems.

关键词： bilinear stochasticity Itôcalculus Stratonovich calculus characteristic function bilinear stochastic dynamic circuits

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Partitioning of Water Distribution network into District Metered Areas Using Existing Valves

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第6期130卷 1515-1537页

作者： Aniket n.sharma Shilpa R.Dongre Rajesh Gupta Prerna Pandey neeraj Dhanraj Bokde Department of Civil Engineering Visvesvaraya National Institute of TechnologyNagpur440010India Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering Aarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark

Water distribution network(WDn)leakage management has received increased attention in recent *** of the most successful leakage-control strategies is to divide the network into District Metered Areas(DMAs).As a multi-staged technique,the generation of DMAs is a difficult task in design and implementation(i.e.,clustering,sectorization,and performance evaluation).Previous studies on DMAs implementation did not consider the potential use of existing valves in achieving the *** this work,a methodology is proposed for detecting clusters and reducing the cost of additional valves and DMA sectorization by considering existing valves as much as *** procedure of DMAs identification has been divided into three stages,i.e.,a)clusters identification;b)sectorization or boundaries optimization and c)performance evaluation of the partitioned *** proposed methodology is evaluated on a simple network and a real-world water network with the findings provided and compared to the DMAs,established for a raw water network with no existing *** is found that there is an adequate difference in cost of strategy implementation in both the cases for the network under consideration and the existing valve system achieved better network performance in terms of resilience index.

关键词： Clusters identification district metered areas existing valves sectorization water distribution networks

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daptive Hybridized Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for H(curl)-Elliptic Problems

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numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2011年第1期4卷 13-37页

作者： C.Carstensen R.H.W.Hoppe n.sharma T.Warburton Department of Mathematics Humboldt Universität zu BerlinD-10099 BerlinGermany Department of Computer Science Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 120-749Korea Department of Mathematics University of HoustonHouston TX 77204-3008USA Institute of Mathematics University of AugsburgD-86159 AugsburgGermany CAAM Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005-1892USA.

We develop and analyze an adaptive hybridized Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin(IPDG-H)method for H(curl)-elliptic boundary value problems in 2D or 3D arising from a semi-discretization of the eddy currents *** method can be derived from a mixed formulation of the given boundary value problem and involves a Lagrange multiplier that is an approximation of the tangential traces of the primal variable on the interfaces of the underlying triangulation of the computational *** is shown that the IPDG-H technique can be equivalently formulated and thus implemented as a mortar *** mesh adaptation is based on a residual-type a posteriori error estimator consisting of element and face *** a unified framework for adaptive finite element methods,we prove the reliability of the estimator up to a consistency *** performance of the adaptive symmetric IPDG-H method is documented by numerical results for representative test examples in 2D.

关键词： Adaptive hybridized Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin method a posteriori error analysis H(curl)-elliptic boundary value problems semi-discrete eddy currents equations

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CFD simulation of wind and thermal-induced ventilation flow of a roof cavity

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Building Simulation 2022年第9期15卷 1611-1627页

作者： Wei Li Alison Subiantoro Ian McClew Rajnish nsharma Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of AucklandBuilding 901Newmarket CampusAuckland 1142New Zealand Fletcher Steel Limited New Zealand

The hygrothermal performance of a ventilated roof cavity is greatly affected by the airflow passing through *** ventilation flow is mainly driven by the wind pressure difference between openings and the thermal-induced ***,the wind effect is not well understood as it is often neglected in previous *** present study investigates the properties of such airflows,including the flow pattern,flow regime,and flow rate,using a CFD *** target building is a large-span commercial building with a low-pitched *** study the wind-induced airflows,the onset atmospheric boundary layer wind flow was modelled,and the results were compared with the site-measured data recorded in the *** study the thermal-induced buoyancy effects,a roof cavity model found in the literature with experimental data was *** findings show that the flow pattern in the roof cavity varied with the airflow driven *** flow separation at the windward eave inlet of the thermally induced flows are more pronounced compared with those of the wind-induced ***,the wind-induced airflows can generate around two times more ventilation flow rate through the roof cavity compared to the thermal-induced *** findings indicate that wind-induced ventilation flows are the dominant factor of the roof cavity ventilation in a large-span,low-pitched building.

关键词： ventilated roof cavity CFD simulation atmospheric boundary layer thermal-induced buoyancy

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Ecological Consequences of Land Use Change: Forest Structure and Regeneration across the Forest-grassland Ecotone in Mountain Pastures in nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 838-849页

作者： lila nath sharma Ole Reidar VETAAS Ram Prasad CHAUDHARY Inger Elisabeth MREn Department of Geography University of Bergen Bergen 5020 Norway Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology and Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 977 Nepal

The ecotone, the spatial transition zone between two vegetation communities, is claimed to have more species than the adjoining communities. However, empirical studies do not always confirm higher richness at the ecotone. The ecotone position and structure are dynamic over time and space and it is driven by the changes in climate, land use or their interaction. In this context, we assessed the forest- grassland ecotone of temperate mountains in central nepal by i） comparing species composition and richness across the ecotone, ii） analyzing if the forestgrassland ecotone is shifting towards the grassland center by colonizing them with trees, and iii） discussing the consequence of changed disturbance regime in the dynamics of this ecotone and the surrounding grasslands. We analyzed vegetation data sampled from belt transects laid across the forest- grassland ecotone in semi-natural grassland patches. Vegetation data consisting of species richness and composition, and size structure and regeneration of the two most dominant tree species, namely Rhododendron arboreum and Abies spectabilis, from the transects, were used to analyze the trend of the forest-grassland ecotone. Forest and grasslands were different in terms of floristic composition and diversity. Vascular plant speciesrichness linearly increased while moving from forest interior to grassland center. Spatial pattern of tree size structure and regeneration infers that forest boundary is advancing towards the grasslands at the expense of the grassland area, and tree establishment in the grasslands is part of a suceessional process. Temporally, tree establishment in grasslands started following the gradual decline in disturbance. We argue that local processes in terms of changed land use may best explain the phenomenon of ecotone shift and consequent forest expansion in these grasslands. We underpin the need for further research on the mechanism, rate and spatial extent of ecotone shift by using advaneed tools to

关键词： Ecotone shift Grasslands Forest Landuse change Rhododendron

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new Phenomenon of the Hysteresis of 4He in Vycor Glass

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Chinese Physics Letters 1992年第2期9卷 83-85页

作者： JIn Xin XU Xiaonong YAn Yong A.L.Thomson D.F.Brewer S.Haynes n.sharma Department of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008 Physics Building University of Sussex Brighton BN19QHEngland

The low t emperature part of hysteresis curves of the freezing and melting processes of ^(4)He in vycor glass with the lowest temperature O.4K were measured,as the pressure ranged from 36.45 to 55.18(1O^(5)Pa).Some novel characteristics of these curves were observed in such high temperature and pressure *** may result from the existence of superfluid ^(4)He.

关键词： freezing hysteresis curves

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Influence of Accompanying Anions on Potassium Retention and Leaching in Potato Growing Alluvial Soils

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Pedosphere 2013年第4期23卷 464-471页

作者： V.sharma K.n.sharma Department of Soils Punjab Agricultural University

A column study was carried out to assess the influence of accompanying anions on potassium （K） leaching at potato growing sites with different soil textures （sandy loam and clay loam） in northwestern India. Potassium was applied in the top 15 cm layer of soil column at 30 and 60 mg K kg-1 through different sources having different accompanying anions （CI-, SO^-, nO3 and H2PO4-）. Maximum K was retained in the top 0-15 cm layer with a sharp decrease in K content occurring in 15 30 cm layer of the soil column. The trend was similar for both levels of applied K as well as frequency of leaching and soil type. The decrease of K content in soil column after four leaching events was maximum in case of Khanaura sandy loam, while only minor decrease was observed in Hundowal clay loam when K was applied at 60 mg K kg-1, indicating higher potential of clay rich soil to adsorb K. In general, the K leaching in presence of the accompanying anions followed the order of SO4^2-≤ H2PO42- 〈 nO3 = Cl-. Highest 1 mol·L^-1 CH3COOnH4-extractable K was retained when K was applied along with SO4^2- and H2PO4 anions, and the least was retained when accompanying anion was Cl-. The influence of anions was more pronounced in the light textured soil and at high amounts of K application. Higher levels of K application resulted in higher losses of K, especially in sandy loam soil as observed from the leachate concentration. Among the different K sources, the maximum amount of K leaching was noticed in the soil column amended with KC1. After four leachings, the maximum amount of K leached out was 6.40 mg L-1 in Hundowal clay loam and 9.29 mg L-1 in Khanaura sandy loam at 60 mg K kg-1 of soil application through KC1. These concentrations were lower than the recommended guideline of the World Health Organisation （12.00 mg L-1）.

关键词： column study leaching events potassium application potassium sources soil texture

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TransientWaves Due to Mechanical Loads in Elasto-Thermo-Diffusive Solids

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2011年第1期3卷 87-108页

作者： J.n.sharma n.K.sharma K.K.sharma Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities National Institute of TechnologyHamirpur-177005India

This paper deals with the study of transient waves in a homogeneous isotropic,solid halfspace with a permeating substance in the context of the theory of generalized *** halfspace is assumed to be disturbed due to mechanical loads acting on its *** model comprising of basic governing differential equations and boundary conditions has been solved by employing Laplace transform *** that the second sound effects are short lived,the small time approximations of solution for various physical quantities have been obtained and the results are discussed on the possible wave *** case of continuous and periodic loads acting at the boundary,the displacement is found to be continuous at each wave front while it is discontinuous in case of impulsive *** temperature and concentration fields are found to be discontinuous at all the wave *** displacement,temperature change and concentration deviation due to impulsive,continuous and periodic mechanical loads have also been evaluated in the physical domain at all times by employing numerical inversion technique of integral *** computer simulated numerical results have been presented graphically in respect of displacement,temperature change and concentration deviation for brass.A significant effect of mass diffusion has been observed on the behaviour of mechanical and thermal waves.

关键词： Diffusion Laplace transform small time approximations wave fronts

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Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Lamb Waves in Elasto-Thermodiffusive Plates

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2010年第2期2卷 238-258页

作者： J.n.sharma P.K.sharma Department of Applied Sciences National Institute of TechnologyHamirpur 177005India Department of Mathematics SL Bawa Dayanand Anglo Vedic CollegeBatala 143505India

The propagation characteristics of elasto-thermodiffusive Lamb waves in a homogenous isotropic,thermodiffusive,elastic plate have been investigated in the context of linear theory of generalized *** developing the formal solution of the mathematical model consisting of partial differential equations,the secular equations have been derived by using relevant boundary conditions prevailing at the surfaces of the plate for symmetric and asymmetric wave modes in completely separate *** secular equations for long wavelength and short wavelength waves have also been deduced and *** amplitudes of displacement components,temperature change and mass concentration under the Lamb wave propagation conditions have also been *** complex transcendental secular equations have been solved by using a hybrid numerical technique consisting of irreducible Cardano method along with function iteration technique after splitting these in a system of real transcendental *** numerically simulated results in respect of phase velocity,attenuation coefficient,specific loss factor and relative frequency shift of thermoelastic diffusive waves have been presented graphically in the case of brass material.

关键词： Diffusion Cardano method relative frequency thermal relaxation iteration method

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