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Urban Expansion of China from the 1970s to 2020 Based on Remote Sensing Technology

Chinese Geographical Science 2021年第5期31卷 765-781页

作者： LIU Fang ZHANG Zengxiang ZHAO Xiaoli LIU Bin WANG Xiao YI ling ZUO lijun XU Jinyong HU Shunguang SUN Feifei WANG Yafei Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China

Based on Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) technology,urban expansion of 75 cities in China from the 1970s to 2020 was reconstructed by visual-interpretation method,which described the growing process of urban lands and its influences on local land use structures synchronously.By employing annual expansion area per city and urban expansion density,spatial-temporal characteristics and macro patterns of urban expansion were analyzed from the aspects of regional-distributions,administrative-levels and population-sizes comprehensively.Results indicate that:1) urban expansion in China was universal,distinct,persistent,periodic and fluctuating.In the past five decades,urban lands of 75 monitored cities in China expanded dramatically from 3606.26 km2 to 30 521.13 km2.2) Though urban expansion presented significant differences from the aspects of regional distribution,administrative levels,and population sizes,it exhibited a deceleration trend in the 13th Five-Year Plan among all kinds of cities.3) Cultivated lands were the first land resource for urban expansion,and 55.17% of newly-expanded urban lands appeared by encroaching this land use type.China’s urban expansion has caused sustained pressure on cultivated land protection,especially in super megacities,and the contradiction between urban expansion and cultivated land protection will always exist.4) The compactness of urban lands in China increased before 1987 and reduced in the next three decades,which was consistent with the implementation of major policies and the deployment of national strategies,and is expected to become compact with a stopping declining or even rebounding after the 13th Five-Year Plan.

关键词： urban expansion pattern regional distribution administrative level population sizes Remote Sensing(RS) China

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City Size Distribution and Its Spatiotemporal Evolution in China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第6期26卷 703-714页

作者： SHI Lifeng ZHANG Zengxiang LIU Fang ZHAO Xiaoli WANG Xiao LIU Bin HU Shunguang WEN Qingke ZUO lijun YI ling XU Jinyong Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Based on the National Land Use/Cover Database of China(NLUD-C) in the end of the 1980s(the 1980s,hereafter), 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010, 665 cities were selected to study the size distribution and its changes of urban lands in China. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolutions of urban land size distribution as well as the influence of administrative-level on these cities were explored by combining urban spatial positions and administrative-levels. Results indicate that: 1) City size distribution using urban lands was more practical and reasonable than using non-agricultural population. 2) In the 1980s, cities with ascending urban land rank were centralized in Eastern China, specially the Changjiang(Yangtze) River Delta, the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Cities in Central, Western, and Northeast China mainly indicated descending urban land rank. 3) The transfer of national development focus resulted in cities with ascending urban land rank becoming evenly distributed nationwide; however, this trend was slightly centralized around Chengdu, Chongqing, and Wuhan in different periods. 4) During the 1980s to 2010, the proportion of cities with ascending urban land rank in provincial capitals, municipalities, and special administrative regions(high-level cities, hereafter) was consistently higher than those in prefecture- and county-level cities except for 2005–2010. The ranks of the majority of the prefecture- and county-level cities were mainly descending, supported by ascending; the proportion of cities with unchanged rank is small. This study breaks through the bottleneck of traditional research in the area of city size distribution by examining urban land replacing the non-agricultural population. The current study also provides scientific explanation for the healthy and reasonable development of urban land as well as the coordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization.

关键词：中国城市城市的土地缩放分发空间与时间的进化遥感

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Urban Expansion in China Based on Remote Sensing Technology：A Review

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第5期28卷 727-743页

作者： ZHANG Zengxiang LIU Fang ZHAO Xiaoli WANG Xiao SHI Lifeng XU Jinyong YU Sisi WEN Qingke ZUO lijun YI ling HU Shunguang LIU Bin Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Urban areas and its evolution are important anthropogenic indicators and human ecological footprints, and play decisive roles in environmental change analysis, global geo-conditional monitoring, and sustainable development. China has the highest rate of urban expansion and has emerged as an urban expansion hotspot worldwide. In this paper, the progress of studies on Chinese urban expansion based on remote sensing technology are summarized and analyzed from the aspects of urban area definition, remotely sensed imagery applied in urban expansion, monitoring methods of urban expansion, and urban expansion applications. Existing issues and future directions of Chinese urban expansion are discussed and proposed. Results indicate that: 1) The fusion of multi-source remotely sensed imagery is imperative to meet the needs of urban expansion with various monitoring terms and frequencies on different scales and dimensions. 2) To guarantee the classification accuracy and efficiency and describe urban expansion and its influences on local land use simultaneously, the combination of visual interpretation and automatic classification is the tendency of future monitoring methods of urban areas. 3) Urban expansion data have become the prerequisite for recognizing the urban development process, excavating its driving forces, simulating and predicting the future development directions, and also is conducive to revealing and explaining urban ecological and environmental issues. 4) In the past decades, Chinese scholars have promoted the application of remote sensing technology in the urban expansion field, with data construction, methods and models developing from the quotation stage to improvement and innovation stage; however, an independent and consistent urban expansion data on the national scale with long-term and high-frequency(such as annual monitoring) monitoring is still lacking.

关键词：中国城市遥感技术评论自动分类变化分析持续开发世界范围扩大使用

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Urban expansion in China and its effect on cultivated land before and after initiating"Reform and Open Policy"

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中国科学：地球科学英文版 2016年第10期59卷 1930-1945页

作者： ZHANG ZengXiang WEN QingKe LIU Fang ZHAO XiaoLi LIU Bin XU JinYong YI ling HU ShunGuang WANG Xiao ZUO lijun LI Na LI MinMin SHI LiFeng ZENG Tian JU HongRun Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Urbanization in China has expanded at an unprecedented speed since the declaration of "Reform and Open Policy"and presented many challenges. Unbalanced regional development, appearance of super megacities and concomitant problems,and conflicts between urbanization and cultivated land protection are three critical problems that Chinese urbanization has to face. To develop new plans for foreseeable future urbanization in China, it is critical to understand the evolving history of cities across China. This study maps urban expansion of 60 typical Chinese cities based on large amount of remote sensing data and the labor-intensive image interpretation method, in order to understand the history of urban expansion from the 1970 s to 2013.Results showed that area of cities expanded 5.23 times compared to their area in the 1970 s. Urban expansion in China accelerated three times(1988–1996, 1999–2006, and 2009–2011) and decelerated three times(1997–1998, 2007–2008, and 2012–2013) over the 40 years. The urban area of South China expanded most significantly 9.42 times, while the urban area in Northeast China expanded only 2.37 times. The disparity among different administrative ranks of cities was even greater than(3.81 times) the differences among different regions. Super megacities have been continuously expanding at a fast rate(8.60-fold), and have not shown obvious signs of slowing down. The proportion of cultivated land among the land sources for urban expansion decreased to a small extent in the 1990 s, but cultivated land continues to be the major land source for urban expansion. Effective future urbanization needs controlling the expansion scale of large cities and reasonably developing medium and small cities, as well as balancing regional development.

关键词：中国南方地区城市扩张耕地保护改革开放引发区域发展发展历史城市面积

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核电厂设备状态多参数同步监测技术研究

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核动力工程 2022年第4期43卷 168-173页

作者：沈江飞王双飞黄立军凌霜寒张圣苏州热工研究院有限公司江苏苏州215004

核电厂设备稳定的运行状态以及长期的运行数据积累为实现数据驱动的设备状态智能监测建立了良好的数据基础。本文提出一种基于多参数关联关系的设备状态智能监测方法,该方法包括建模、训练和推断3个步骤,建立数据驱动的设备状态智能监... 详细信息

核电厂设备稳定的运行状态以及长期的运行数据积累为实现数据驱动的设备状态智能监测建立了良好的数据基础。本文提出一种基于多参数关联关系的设备状态智能监测方法,该方法包括建模、训练和推断3个步骤,建立数据驱动的设备状态智能监测和预警模型。首先识别并分析系统设备监测参数、参数监测内容和关联关系,设计建立监测参数的关联关系模型;其次,采集并筛选设备正常运行历史数据作为训练数据,基于反向传播(BP)前馈神经网络训练关联关系模型;最终,实时采集设备监测参数实测值,并基于模型推断各参数的预测值,监控实测值与预测值的偏差,当偏差超过预定的阀值时发出预警信息。本文以某电厂热交换器和主给水泵为例进行建模并验证,结果表明本文提出的监测模型可以有效同步监测设备参数微小异常变化,预警早期异常,同时保持极低的误报警率。

关键词：数据模型在线监测核电厂神经网络

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Extraction of Basic Trends of Urban Expansion in China over Past 40 Years from Satellite Images

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Chinese Geographical Science 2016年第2期26卷 129-142页

作者： WEN Qingke ZHANG Zengxiang SHI Lifeng ZHAO Xiaoli LIU Fang XU Jinyong YI ling LIU Bin WANG Xiao ZUO lijun HU Shunguang LI Na LI Minmin Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

If urban sprawl is to be avoided in China in the next ten years, it is not only crucial to understand the overall history, current status, and future trends of urban expansion there, but also these differences, and this is presently lacking. In this study, remotely sensed images with approximately 30 m spatial resolution were used to quantitatively assess the spatial and temporal patterns of urban expansion of 60 Chinese cities(1973–2013). Urban-expansion-process curves of the cities studied were drawn using annual expansion area as an indicator. Curve similarity analysis generated four basic process modes of urban expansion in China. These included cities that: 1) peaked around 2004 and then decelerated; 2) peaked around 2010 and then decelerated; 3) showed sustained acceleration, and 4) showed continued deceleration. Four basic process modes represented cities under different levels of development stage. Geographic location was found to be the most related characteristic to urban expansion process. Regional development policies at the national level in each region also showed highly temporal consistency with fluctuation characteristics of urban expansion process. Urban characteristic such as population size and administrative level were not found to be significantly related to urban expansion-process modes. Understanding the basic process-mode categories well is extremely important for future regional-balance planning and development of macroeconomic policies.

关键词：卫星遥感图像城市扩展城市扩张空间分辨率提取宏观经济政策时间模式中国城市

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Detection of micrometastases in bone marrow and sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer patients

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Journal of Nanjing Medical University 2007年第1期21卷 32-35页

作者： Jia Zhao Xiaoan Liu lijun ling Department of General Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 China

To study the sensitivity and clinical significance of HE-staining,IHC and RT-PCR in detecting breast cancer micrometastases in bone marrow and sentinel lymph nodes （SLNs）. Methods ：After general anesthesia, all patients underwent bone marrow puncture and sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB） by 1% isosulfan blue, and then HE-staining,IHC and RT-PCR were used to detect micrometastases. Results：Of 62 patients with breast cancer whose axillary lymph nodes showed negative HE-staining results, 15 cases presented with positive RT-PCR and 9 cases showed positive IHC results positive in bone marrow micrometastases detection. PT-PCR and IHC showed good uniformity（kappa=0.6945）and there was significant difference in detective rate between these two methods （X2=4.1667,P = 0.0412）. In SLN samples, 13 showed positive RT-PCR results, while 7 showed positive IHC results. PT-PCR and IHC showed good uniformity （kappa=0.64.83）and significant difference was also found in detective rate between these two methods （X^2=4.1667 ,P = 0.0412）. Both bone marrow and SLN samples were RT-PCR positive in 3 cases, which indicated that bone marrow did not always accompany SLN micrometastases（X^2=0.067,P = 0.796）. Conclusion： Even if no axillary lymph node involvement or distant metastases are present in routine preoperative examination, micrometastases can still be detected in bone marrow or SLNs. Because the bone marrow micrometastases and axillary node micrometastses are not present simultaneously, combination test of multiple indicators will detect micrometastases more accurately.

关键词： breast cancer micrometastases bone marrow sentinel lymph nodes cytokeratin

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Risk Factors and Pregnancy Outcome in Women with a History of Cesarean Section Complicated by Placenta Accreta

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2022年第3期4卷 179-185页

作者： Yingyu Liang Lizi Zhang Shilei Bi Jingsi Chen Shanshan Zeng lijun Huang Yulian Li Minshan Huang Hu Tan Jinping Jia Suiwen Wen Zhijian Wang Yinli Cao Shaoshuai Wang Xiaoyan Xu ling Feng Xianlan Zhao Yangyu Zhao Qiying Zhu Hongbo Qi Lanzhen Zhang Hongtian Li Lili Du Dunjin Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510510China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510510China Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Guangzhou 510510China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Guangzhou Huadu District Maternal and Child Health HospitalGuangzhou 510150China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityQingyuan People’s HospitalGuangzhou 511518China Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital Xi’an 710061China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqi 830011China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510260China Institute of Reproductive and Child Health National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and pregnancy outcomes in women with a history of cesarean section complicated by placenta accreta(PA).Methods:This case-control study included clinical data from singleton mothers with a history of cesarean section in 11 public tertiary hospitals in seven provinces of China between January 2017 and December 2017.According to the intraoperative findings after delivery,the study population was divided into PA and non-PA groups.We compared the pregnancy outcomes between the two groups,used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the risk factors for placental accreta.Results:For this study we included 11,074 pregnant women with a history of cesarean section;and of these,869 cases were in the PA group and 10,205 cases were in the non-PA group.Compared with the non-PA group,the probability of postpartum hemorrhage(236/10,205,2.31%vs.283/869,32.57%),severe postpartum hemorrhage(89/10,205,0.87%vs.186/869,21.75%),diffuse intravascular coagulation(3/10,205,0.03%vs.4/869,0.46%),puerperal infection(33/10,205,0.32%vs.12/869,1.38%),intraoperative bladder injury(1/10,205,0.01%vs.16/869,1.84%),hysterectomy(130/10,205,1.27%vs.59/869,6.79%),and blood transfusion(328/10,205,3.21%vs.231/869,26.58%)was significantly increased in the PA group(P<0.05).At the same time,the neonatal birth weight 3250.00(2950.00–3520.00)g vs.2920.00(2530.00–3250.00)g),the probability of neonatal comorbidities(245/10,205,2.40%vs.61/869,7.02%),and the rate of neonatal intensive care unit admission(817/10,205,8.01%vs.210/869,24.17%)also increased significantly(P<0.05).Weight(odds ratio)(OR)=1.03,95%confidence interval(CI):1.01–1.05)),parity(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.03–1.34),number of miscarriages(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.17–1.47),number of previous cesarean sections(OR=2.57,95%CI:2.02–3.26),history of premature rupture of membrane(OR=1.61,95%CI:1.32–1.96),previous cesarean-section transverse incisions(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.12–1.69),history of placenta previa(OR=2.44,95%CI:1.50–3.96),and the combination of prenatal hemorrhage(OR=9.95,95%CI

关键词： Placenta accreta Risk factors History of cesarean section Pregnancy outcome

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高密澄清池同步除硅除硬技术及斜坡区积泥问题的研究

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给水排水 2023年第1期49卷 72-79页

作者：高凌刘凤洋郭磊杨利君王敏中天合创能源有限责任公司鄂尔多斯017000

选取鄂尔多斯某煤化工废水进行高密度澄清池同步除硅除硬研究。通过对高密澄清池石灰加药量、除硅除硬池pH、污泥回流等重要影响因素进行对比研究,实现了高密池产水水质长周期稳定达标,产水浊度、总硬度、二氧化硅去除率分别达到95.9%、... 详细信息

选取鄂尔多斯某煤化工废水进行高密度澄清池同步除硅除硬研究。通过对高密澄清池石灰加药量、除硅除硬池pH、污泥回流等重要影响因素进行对比研究,实现了高密池产水水质长周期稳定达标,产水浊度、总硬度、二氧化硅去除率分别达到95.9%、77%、52.4%。在运行过程中发现斜坡区有单侧污泥堆积现象,且存在隔墙后污泥坍塌风险,对沉淀区刮泥机正常运行造成威胁。通过分析研究,采取在斜坡区加装竖向曝气管间歇性曝气的方法,消除了污泥堆积现象,实现了高密池安全稳定运行。

关键词：高密澄清池同步除硅除硬污泥坍塌刮泥机

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中国主要作物格局优化下的水资源效应分析

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地理学报 2023年第3期78卷 746-761页

作者：刘子源赵晓丽左丽君张增祥汪潇徐进勇易玲中国科学院空天信息创新研究院北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

水土资源是农业生产发展不可或缺的重要资源。然而,水资源时空分布不均匀、与耕地分布不匹配已成为影响中国农业可持续发展的关键问题。本文基于现有耕地,面向粮食生产保障与水资源可持续利用的协同,以保障粮食产量的同时减少水资源消... 详细信息

水土资源是农业生产发展不可或缺的重要资源。然而,水资源时空分布不均匀、与耕地分布不匹配已成为影响中国农业可持续发展的关键问题。本文基于现有耕地,面向粮食生产保障与水资源可持续利用的协同,以保障粮食产量的同时减少水资源消耗、降低区域水资源压力为目标,基于像元尺度作物产量、用水量、区域水资源压力等数据,采用CPLEX优化模型,开展中国主要作物(大豆、水稻、玉米、小麦)格局优化,并从作物用水效率和水资源压力两方面分析其水资源效应。结果表明:①保证产量不变的前提下进行分省作物格局优化,最多可减少用水总量3.63×10^(10)m^(3)(降幅为9.60%),平均基线水压力从1.42降至0.90,播种面积可缩减3.08×10^(6)hm^(2)(降幅为3.29%);②不同作物优化方向不一,大豆在东北区北部和黄淮海区南部应调减,水稻主要在长江中下游区和华南区中部进行格局调整,玉米整体向东北方向转移,主要在东北区和黄淮海区内部调整,而小麦主要在黄淮海区与长江中下游区北部进行调整;③作物协同优化下,小麦灌溉耗水可减少3.08%,其余3种作物减少幅度在20%~30%,水稻灌溉耗水减少量最大(8.52×10^(9)m^(3));④不同省份作物格局优化对区域水资源的影响有所不同,黑龙江、新疆、内蒙古和安徽四省(区)作物格局优化对灌溉耗水减少量的贡献最大,四川、甘肃和山东则主要体现为作物向水资源压力更小的区域转移,但灌溉总耗水量有小幅增加。本文可为农业生产中的水土资源可持续利用提供决策建议和技术支撑。

关键词：水资源主要作物格局优化优化尺度

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