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New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1068-1082页

作者： lijing cheng John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Fei ZHENG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG Licheng FENG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey MISHONOV Jim REAGAN Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN Yujing ZHU Wangxu WEI Guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA University of Auckland Auckland 1010New Zealand National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China Oceanographic Data Center Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China ESSIC/CISESS-MD University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20740USA Mercator Ocean International Toulouse 31400France Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human *** 2023,the sea surface temperature(SST)and upper 2000 m ocean heat content(OHC)reached record *** 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules=1021 Joules)(updated IAP/CAS data);9±5 ZJ(NCEI/NOAA data).The Tropical Atlantic Ocean,the Mediterranean Sea,and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the *** with the onset of a strong El Niño,the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of~0.23℃ higher than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above 2022 values for the second half of *** density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

关键词： ocean heat content salinity stratification global warming climate

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2017 was the Warmest Year on Record for the Global Ocean

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第3期35卷 261-263页

作者： lijing cheng Jiang ZHU International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

2017 was the warmest year on record for the global ocean according to an updated Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences （IAR CAS： http：//english. ***/） ocean analysis.

关键词： was the Warmest Year on Record for the Global Ocean IAP XBT

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Quality control for ocean observations: From present to future

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第2期65卷 215-233页

作者： Zhetao TAN Bin ZHANG Xiaofen WU Mingmei DONG lijing cheng International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The quality control(QC) of ocean observational data, essential to establish a high-quality global ocean database, is one of the basic data pre-processing steps in oceanography research, marine monitoring, and forecasting. With the introduction of various advanced instruments in recent decades, oceanographic surveys have expanded from coastal regions to open ***, as ocean in-situ observations are obtained using different instruments that offer heterogeneous data qualities, it is paramount that bad data could be accurately and efficiently identified via QC to provide a reliable global ocean database. In this review, we briefly summarize the latest progress of QC for oceanic in-situ observations, and mainly focus on temperature and salinity data. The similarities and differences between QC schemes developed by various ocean organizations are introduced. We also discuss the performances of the various QC schemes and identify the key challenges. Based on the discussions, several recommendations are proposed for future improvements in the QC for ocean observations.

关键词： Quality control Ocean observations Temperature Salinity Data quality Big data

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An Observing System Simulation Experiment to Assess the Potential Impact of a Virtual Mobile Communication Tower–based Observation Network on Weather Forecasting Accuracy in China. Part 1: Weather Stations with a Typical Mobile Tower Height of 40 m

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第6期37卷 617-633页

作者： Xuanming ZHAO Jiang ZHU lijing cheng Yubao LIU Yuewei LIU International Center for Climate and Environment Science Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Center for Atmospheric Research CO 80301USA

The importance of a national or regional network of meteorological stations for improving weather predictions has been recognized for many ***-based automatic weather stations typically observe weather at a height of 2-10 m above ground level(AGL);however,these observations may have two major *** portions of data cannot be used if the station height is significantly lower than the model surface level;and such observations may contain large representativity errors as near-surface observations are often affected by the local environment,such as nearby buildings and tall *** the recent introduction of a significant number of mobile communication towers that are typically over40 m AGL in China,a campaign has been proposed to use such towers to build a future observing system with an observing height of 40 m.A series of observing system simulation experiments has been conducted to assess the potential utility of such a future observing system as part of a feasibility *** experiments were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model and its Rapid Update Cycle data assimilation *** results revealed the possibility of improving weather forecasting by raising present weather stations to a height of 40 m;this would not only enable more observations to pass the terrain check,but should also reduce interpolation ***,improvements for temperature,humidity and wind forecasting could be achieved as the accuracy of the initial conditions increases.

关键词： weather forecasting humidity

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How Well Do CMIP6 and CMIP5 Models Simulate the Climatological Seasonal Variations in Ocean Salinity?

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第10期39卷 1650-1672,I0005-I0015页

作者： Yuanxin LIU lijing cheng Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN John ABRAHAM Bin ZHANG Jiang ZHU Junqiang SONG College of Meteorology and Oceanography College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Engineering University of St.Thomas2115 Summit Ave.St PaulMN 55105USA Marine Science Data Center Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

This paper includes a comprehensive assessment of 40 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5(CMIP5)and 33 models from the CMIP phase 6(CMIP6)to determine the climatological and seasonal variation of ocean salinity from the surface to 2000 *** general pattern of the ocean salinity climatology can be simulated by both the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models from the surface to 2000-m ***,this study shows an increased fresh bias in the surface and subsurface salinity in the CMIP6 multimodel mean,with a global average of−0.44 g kg^(−1) for the sea surface salinity(SSS)and−0.26 g kg^(−1) for the 0-1000-m averaged salinity(S1000)compared with the CMIP5 multimodel mean(−0.25 g kg^(−1) for the SSS and−0.07 g kg^(−1) for the S1000).In terms of the seasonal variation,both CMIP6 and CMIP5 models show positive(negative)anomalies in the first(second)half of the year in the global average SSS and *** model-simulated variation in SSS is consistent with the observations,but not for S1000,suggesting a substantial uncertainty in simulating and understanding the seasonal variation in subsurface *** CMIP5 and CMIP6 models overestimate the magnitude of the seasonal variation of the SSS in the tropics in the region 20°S-20°N but underestimate the magnitude of the seasonal change in S1000 in the Atlantic and Indian *** assessments show new features of the model errors in simulating ocean salinity and support further studies of the global hydrological cycle.

关键词： salinity climatology seasonal cycle CMIP5 CMIP6 upper ocean

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The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation efforts

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第4期15卷 58-66页

作者： John Abraham lijing cheng Michael E.Mann Kevin Trenberth Karina vonSchuckmann University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesotaUSA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science Penn StatePennsylvaniaUSA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCOUSA Mercator Ocean International ToulouseFrance University of Auckland AucklandNew Zealand

The ocean’s thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human *** fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences of climate change,especially with respect to the *** the authors review the requirements for human actions from the ocean’s *** the near term(∼2030),goals such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)will be *** longer times(∼2050–2060 and beyond),global carbon neutrality targets may be met as countries continue to work toward reducing *** adaptation and mitigation plans need to be fully implemented in the interim,and the Global Ocean Observation System should be sustained so that changes can be continuously *** the longer-term(after∼2060),slow emerging changes such as deep ocean warming and sea level rise are committed to continue even in the scenario where net zero emissions are ***,climate actions have to extend to time scales of hundreds of *** these time scales,preparation for“high impact,low probability”risks—such as an abrupt showdown of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,ecosystem change,or irreversible ice sheet loss—should be fully integrated into long-term planning.

关键词： Global change Ocean Time scale Climate adaptation and mitigation Climate action High impact low probability

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New insights into the effect of hard carbons microstructure on the diffusion of sodium ions into closed pores

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 155-160页

作者： Mingxin Song lijing Xie Fangyuan Su Zonglin Yi Quangui Guo cheng-Meng Chen CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Closed pores formed in hard carbons play an essential role in sodium storage at plateau ***,the effect of different structural features on the diffusion of sodium ions into closed pores remains ***,a precursor reconstruction strategy is conducted to regulate carbon microstructures including interlayer spacing,defect concentration,and closed pore volume by changing the ratio of aromatic and polysaccharide *** structure parts tend to develop disordered carbons with fewer defects,larger interlayer spacing,and smaller closed pore volume,while polysaccharide components prefer to form disordered carbons with more defects,smaller interlayer spacing,and larger closed pore *** the correlation analysis of microstructure features and the sodium storage capacity below 0.1 *** finds that the intercalation capacity is proportional to the ratio of pseudo-graphitic domains,whereas the pore filling capacity appeared at lower potential gradually decreases with the increasing defect concentration due to homo-ionic repulsion effect,without linear correlation with shortrange microcrystalline and closed pore *** optimized sample with suitable interlayer spacing and defect concentration exhibits a high plateau capacity of 241.7 m Ah/*** work provides insights into the exploitation of closed pore sodium storage performance.

关键词： Precursor reconstruction Hard carbons Structural features Closed pore filling Sodium-ion batteries

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Twenty years of ocean observations with China Argo

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第2期42卷 1-16页

作者： Zenghong Liu Xiaogang Xing Zhaohui Chen Shaolei Lu Xiaofen Wu Hong Li Chunling Zhang lijing cheng Zhaoqin Li Chaohui Sun Jianping Xu Dake Chen Fei Chai State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou310012China Observation and Research Station of Global Ocean Argo System(Hangzhou) Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou310012China Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences/Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai200438China College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai201306China International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China

The international Argo program,a global observational array of nearly 4000 autonomous profiling floats initiated in the late 1990s,which measures the water temperature and salinity of the upper 2000 m of the global ocean,has revolutionized *** has been recognized one of the most successful ocean observation systems in the ***,the proposed decade action“OneArgo”for building an integrated global,full-depth,and multidisciplinary ocean observing array for beyond 2020 has been *** the past two decades since 2002,with more than 500 Argo deployments and 80 operational floats currently,China has become an important partner of the Argo *** DACs have been established to process the data reported from all Chinese floats and deliver these data to the GDACs in real time,adhering to the unified quality control procedures proposed by the Argo Data Management *** Argo products have been developed and released,allowing accurate estimations of global ocean warming,sea level change and the hydrological cycle,at interannual to decadal *** addition,Deep and BGC-Argo floats have been deployed,and time series observations from these floats have proven to be extremely useful,particularly in the analysis of synoptic-scale to decadal-scale *** future aim of China Argo is to build and maintain a regional Argo fleet comprising approximately 400 floats in the northwestern Pacific,South China Sea,and Indian Ocean,accounting for 9%of the global fleet,in addition to maintaining 300 Deep Argo floats in the global ocean(25%of the global Deep Argo fleet).A regional BGC-Argo array in the western Pacific also needs to be established and maintained.

关键词： Argo program China Argo ocean observation core Argo Deep Argo BGC-Argo

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2018 Continues Record Global Ocean Warming

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第3期36卷 249-252页

作者： lijing cheng Jiang ZHU John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH John T.FASULLO Bin ZHANG Fujiang YU Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Xiangzhou SONG International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of St.Thomas School of Engineering National Center for Atmospheric Research Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of Sciences National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of China College of Oceanography Hohai University Bureau of Territorial and Spatial Planning Ministry of Natural Resources

The increasing heat-trapping gases emitted by human activities into the atmosphere produce an energy imbalance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing longwave radiation that leads to global heating(Rhein et al.,2013;Trenberth et al.,2014;von Schuckmann et al.,2016).The vast majority of global warming heat ends up deposited in the world’s oceans,and ocean heat content(OHC)change is one of the best—if not the best—metric for climate change(cheng et al.,2019).In 2018,continued record heat was measured in the Earth’s climate *** fact,2018 has set a new record of ocean heating,surpassing 2017,which was the previous warmest year ever recorded(cheng et al.,2018)(Fig.1).

关键词： increasing heat-trapping activities imbalance

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Record-Setting Ocean Warmth Continued in 2019

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第2期37卷 137-142页

作者： lijing cheng John ABRAHAM Jiang ZHU Kevin ETRENBERTH John FASULLO Tim BOYER Ricardo LOCARNINI Bin ZHANG Fujiang YU Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Michael EMANN International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Department of Meteorology&Atmospheric Science The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania 16802USA State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyHangzhou 310012China

Human-emitted greenhouse gases(GHGs)have resulted in a long-term and unequivocal warming of the planet(IPCC,2019).More than 90%of the excess heat is stored within the world's oceans,where it accumulates and causes inc... 详细信息

关键词： greenhouse warming ocean

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