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Effects of nano-metal oxide additives on ignition and combustion properties of MICs-boron rich fuels

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第9期39卷 157-167页

作者： Liang Hu Danyang Liu Kun yang Jianying lu Chao Shi Jianyu {3. Xinhang Liu Lang Chen State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

Boron has been considered a promising powdered metal fuel for enhancing composite propellants'energy output due to its high energy ***,the high ignition temperature and low combustion efficiency limit the application of boron powder due to the high boiling point of the boron oxide *** research is ongoing to overcome these shortcomings,and one potential approach is to introduce a small quantity of metal oxide additives to promote the reaction of *** study prepared boron-rich fuels with 10 wt%of eight nano-metal oxide additives by mechanical ball *** effect of metal oxides on the thermo-oxidation,ignition,and combustion properties of boron powder was comprehensively studied by the thermogravimetric analysis(TG),the electrically heated filament setup(T-jump),and the laser-induced combustion *** experiments at 5 K/min found that Bi_(2)O_(3.,MoO_(3.,TiO_(2),Fe_(2)O_(3.,and CuO can promote thermo-oxidation of *** to pure boron,Tonsetcan be reduced from 569℃to a minimum of 449℃(B/Bi_(2)O_(3.).Infrared temperature measurement in T-jump tests showed that when heated by an electric heating wire at rates from 1000 K/s to 25000 K/s,the ignition temperatures of B/Bi_(2)O_(3. are the lowest,even lower than the melting point of boron *** images and SEM for the products further showed that the high heating rate is beneficial to the rapid reaction of boron powder in the single-particle combustion ***(B/Bi_(2)O_(3.,B/MoO_(3.,and B/CuO)were mixed with the oxidant AP and ignited by laser to study the combustion *** results showed that B/CuO/AP has the largest flame area,the highest BO_(2) characteristic spectral intensity,and the largest burn rate for powder *** combine the advantages of CuO and Bi_(2)O_(3.,binary metal oxide(CBO,mass ratio of 3.1)was prepared and the test results showed that CBO can very well improve both ignition and combustion properties of *** B/CBO/AP has the h

关键词： Boron-rich fuel Mechanical ball milling Electrically heated filament Laser-induced combustion

Convergence of Hyperbolic Neural Networks Under Riemannian Stochastic Gradient Descent

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1175-1188页

作者： Wes Whiting bao wang Jack Xin Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Mathematics Scientific Computing and Imaging InstituteUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA

We prove,under mild conditions,the convergence of a Riemannian gradient descent method for a hyperbolic neural network regression model,both in batch gradient descent and stochastic gradient *** also discuss a Riemann... 详细信息

关键词： Hyperbolic neural network Riemannian gradient descent Riemannian Adam(RAdam) Training convergence

Evolution history dominantly regulates fine root lifespan in tree species across the world

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 516-525页

作者： Xingzhao Huang Zhouying lu Fangbing Li yang Deng Fangfang Wan Quancheng wang Fousseni Folega Jinsong wang Zijian Guo Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology(LBEV) University of LomeTogo01PoBox 1515LomeTogo State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Understanding the drivers of variations in fine root lifespan is key to informing nutrient cycling and productivity in terrestrial ***,the general patterns and determinants of forest fine root lifespan at the global scale are still *** compiled a dataset of 421 fine root lifespan observations from 76 tree species globally to assess phylogenetic signals among species,explored relationships between fine root lifespan and biotic and abiotic factors,and quantified the relative importance of phylogeny,root system structure and functions,climatic and edaphic factors in driving global fine root lifespan ***,fine root lifespan showed a clear phylogenetic signal,with gymnosperms having a longer fine root lifespan than *** root lifespan was longer for evergreens than deciduous ***(ECM)plants had an extended fine root lifespan than arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)*** different climatic zones,fine root lifespan was the longest in the boreal zone,while it did not vary between the temperate and tropical *** root lifespan increased with soil depth and root ***,the analysis of relative importance indicated that phylogeny was the strongest driver influencing the variation in forest fine root lifespan,followed by soil clay content,root order,mean annual temperature,and soil depth,while other environmental factors and root traits exerted weaker *** results suggest that the global pattern of fine root lifespan in forests is shaped by the interplay of phylogeny,root traits and environmental *** findings necessitate accurate representations of tree evolutionary history in earth system models to predict fine root longevity and its responses to global changes.

关键词： Fine root lifespan Trees Phylogeny Root order Soil property Climatic factors

Mechanical robust and self-healing flexible perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 23.

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Science china Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2670-2678页

作者： Yaohua wang Ruikun Cao Yuanyuan Meng Bin Han Ruijia Tian Xiaoyi lu Zhenhua Song Shuncheng yang Congda lu Chang Liu Ziyi Ge College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials TechnologyEngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Flexible perovskite solar cells(f-PSCs) have experienced rapid advancements due to the light-weight, flexibility, and solution processability of the perovskite materials, which prompted the power conversion efficiency(PCE) to 24.08%. However, f-PSCs still face challenges in terms of mechanical and environmental stability. This is primarily due to their inherent brittleness, the presence of residual tensile strain, and the high density of defects along the boundaries of perovskite grains. To this end, we carefully developed a cross-linkable elastomers 3.[(3.acrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonium] propanoate(ADP) with electrostatic dynamic bond, which could be in-situ cross-linked and coordinate with [Pb I6]4-to regulate the crystallization process of perovskite. The cross-linked elastomers attached to the perovskite grain boundaries could release the remaining tensile strains and mechanical stresses, leading to enhanced stability and flexibility of the f-PSCs. More importantly, the electrostatic interaction between positive and negative groups of cross-linked elastomers and hydrogen bond formation between N–H and C=O accelerate the cross-linking of ADP, endowing the flexible perovskite films with self-healing ability under mild treating conditions(60 °C for 3. min). As a result, the device achieves a remarkable PCE of 23.53.(certified 23.16%). Additionally, the device exhibits impressive mechanical sustainability and durability, retaining over 90% of initial PCE even after undergoing8,000 bending cycles.

关键词： Mechanical robust and self-healing flexible perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 23

Comparison of Combustion Characteristics of Tars Produced with Tobacco Stem Biomass Gasification

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第1期12卷 119-129页

作者： Bo Chen Mingjun wang Bo Liu Chunping lu Guohai Jia yong Chao Chao Zhong School of Mechanical Engineering Hunan Institute of EngineeringXiangtan411104China School of Automotive Engineering Xiangtan Institute of TechnologyXiangtan411100China School of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan Institute of EngineeringXiangtan411104China china Metallurgic Jingcheng(Xiangtan)Heavy Industry Equipment Co. Ltd.Xiangtan411100China Hunan Shuanghuan Fiber Molding Machinery Co. Ltd.Xiangtan411100China

In order to study the combustion characteristics of tar in biomass gasifier inner wall and gasification gas,“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”,“tobacco stem tar inside furnace”and“tobacco stem tar out-of-furnace”were subjected to thermogravimetric experiments,and the combustion characteristics and kinetic characteristics were *** result shows that“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”has the highest value and“tobacco stem tar out-of-furnace”is has the lowest value on ignition characteristics,combustion characteristics and combustible stability;“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”has the lowest value and“tobacco stem tar outside furnace”has the highest value on burnout characteristics;“tobacco stem tar outside furnace”has the highest value and“tobacco stem tar inside furnace”has the lowest value on integrated combustion characteristics.

关键词： Tobacco stem tar gasifier combustion characteristics

Frontiers in high entropy alloys and high entropy functional materials

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 4639-4776页

作者： Wen-Tao Zhang Wen Huang Fu-Jie Yu Qi Zhao Xin-Dong Zhu Tao Feng Yao Jiang Xiao-Ming Li Xue-Fei Miao He Zhu Si Lan Xue-Qian wang bao-Long Shen Zhe Jia Feng-Qi Zhang Wei wang Qi Liu {3. Ren Xun-Li wang Xiao-Ya Cui Xiao-{3. wang Ya-Nan Chen Bing-Bing Fan Meng-Ru Li Qi-Long Gao Jia-Ming Guo Zeng-bao Jiao Zhi-Min Guo Yu-Ping Zhao Qian Yu Rui Huang Ling-Kun Zhang Yi-Ping lu Xu-Bo Li Huai-Jun Lin Yan Ma Wei-Ming {3. Zhi-Hua Shen Hai-Yan He yong-Gang Sun yong-Jiang Huang De-Zhuang wang Qing-Feng Liu Fei-{3. wang Hui Liu Hong-Hui Wu Li-Qiang wang yang lu Nan wang Tian-Li wang Wei-Bing Liao Yi-Han wang Yuan Wu Yu-Zhen Yin Jie Pan Yi Zhang Qing wang Jian-{3. Zhang Tao {3. Yasir Sohail Jin-Yu Zhang Hua Ji Qiang Li Wei-Di Liu Zhi-Gang Chen Xiong-Jun Liu Wen Ma Liang Mao Zhen-Duo Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast University Department of Physics City University of Hong Kong School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University Department of Mechanical Engineering Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistance and Functional Materials Jinan University School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology School of Physical Sciences Great Bay University School of Materials Science andEngineering Harbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Research Institute for Carbon Neutrality University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong School of Computing Macquarie University Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology institute of materials Shanghai University Department of Materials Science and Engineering C

Owing to their exceptional properties, high-entropy alloys(HEAs) and high-entropy materials have emerged as promising research areas and shown diverse applications. Here,the recent advances in the field are comprehensively reviewed,organized into five sections. The first section introduces the background of HEAs, covering their definition, significance,application prospects, basic properties, design principles, and microstructure. The subsequent section focuses on cutting-edge high-entropy structural materials, highlighting developments such as nanostructured alloys, grain boundary engineering,eutectic systems, cryogenic alloys, thin films, micro-nano-lattice structures, additive manufacturing, high entropy metallic glasses, nano-precipitate strengthened alloys, composition modulation, alloy fibers, and refractory systems. In the following section, the emphasis shifts to functional materials, exploring HEAs as catalysts, magneto-caloric materials, corrosion-resistant alloys, radiation-resistant alloys, hydrogen storage systems, and materials for biomedicine. Additionally, the review encompasses functional high-entropy materials outside the realm of alloys, including thermoelectric, quantum dots, nanooxide catalysts, energy storage materials, negative thermal expansion ceramics,and high-entropy wave absorption materials. The paper concludes with an outlook, discussing future directions and potential growth areas in the field. Through this comprehensive review,researchers, engineers, and scientists may gain valuable insights into the recent progress and opportunities for further exploration in the exciting domains of high-entropy alloys and functional materials.

关键词： Cutting-edge structural materials Cutting-edgefunctional materials High entropy alloys

Brain-inspired artificial intelligence research: A review

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2282-2296页

作者： wang GuoYin bao HuaNan LIU Qun ZHOU TianGang WU Si HUANG TieJun YU ZhaoFei lu CeWu GONG YiHong ZHANG ZhaoXiang HE Sheng Chongqing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Big Data Intelligent Security Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065China College of Computer and Information Science Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Multimedia Information Processing School of Computer SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Computer Science School of ElectronicsInformation and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China The Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Artificial intelligence(AI) systems surpass certain human intelligence abilities in a statistical sense as a whole, but are not yet the true realization of these human intelligence abilities and behaviors. There are differences, and even contradictions, between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans. With the goal of achieving general AI, this study contains a review of the role of cognitive science in inspiring the development of the three mainstream academic branches of AI based on the three-layer framework proposed by David Marr, and the limitations of the current development of AI are explored and analyzed. The differences and inconsistencies between the cognition mechanisms of the human brain and the computation mechanisms of AI systems are analyzed. They are found to be the cause of the differences and contradictions between the cognition and behavior of AI systems and humans. Additionally, eight important research directions and their scientific issues that need to focus on braininspired AI research are proposed: highly imitated bionic information processing, a large-scale deep learning model that balances structure and function, multi-granularity joint problem solving bidirectionally driven by data and knowledge, AI models that simulate specific brain structures, a collaborative processing mechanism with the physical separation of perceptual processing and interpretive analysis, embodied intelligence that integrates the brain cognitive mechanism and AI computation mechanisms,intelligence simulation from individual intelligence to group intelligence(social intelligence), and AI-assisted brain cognitive intelligence.

关键词： artificial intelligence cognitive science brain science intelligence science large language model

Effect of hafnium and molybdenum addition on inclusion characteristics in Co-based dual-phase high-entropy alloys

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1639-1650页

作者： yong wang Wei wang Joo Hyun Park wangzhong Mu Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education&Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10044StockholmSweden Department of Chemical Engineering Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin 132012China Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Hanyang UniversityAnsan 15588Korea Engineering Materials Division of Materials ScienceDepartment of Engineering Science and MathematicsLuleå University of Technology97187 LuleåSweden

Specific grades of high-entropy alloys(HEAs)can provide opportunities for optimizing properties toward high-temperature *** this work,the Co-based HEA with a chemical composition of Co_(47.5)Cr_(3.)Fe_(7.5)Mn_(7.5)Ni_(7.5)(at%)was *** refractory metallic elements hafnium(Hf)and molybdenum(Mo)were added in small amounts(1.5at%)because of their well-known positive effects on high-temperature *** characteristics were comprehensively explored by using a two-dimensional cross-sectional method and extracted by using a three-dimensional electrolytic extraction *** results revealed that the addition of Hf can reduce Al_(2)O_(3.inclusions and lead to the formation of more stable Hf-rich inclusions as the main *** addition cannot influence the inclusion type but could influence the inclusion characteristics by affecting the physical parameters of the HEA *** calculated coagulation coefficient and collision rate of Al_(2)O_(3.inclusions were higher than those of HfO_(2)inclusions,but the inclusion amount played a larger role in the agglomeration behavior of HfO_(2)and Al_(2)O_(3.*** impurity level and active elements in HEAs were the crucial factors affecting inclusion formation.

关键词： high-entropy alloy non-metallic inclusion agglomeration thermodynamics alloying

A Single-Cell Landscape of Human Liver Transplantation Reveals a Pathogenic Immune Niche Associated with Early Allograft Dysfunction

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 193-208页

作者： Xin Shao Zheng wang Kai wang Xiaoyan lu Ping Zhang Rongfang Guo Jie Liao Penghui {3. Shusen Zheng Xiao Xu Xiaohui Fan Pharmaceutical Informatics institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China National Key Laboratory of chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityJiaxing 314103China Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310058China NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation Hangzhou 310003China Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Shulan(Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Shulan International Medical CollegeZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhou 310000China Engineering Research Center of Innovative Anticancer Drugs Ministry of EducationHarbin 150023China

Liver transplantation(LT)is the standard therapy for individuals afflicted with end-stage liver *** notable advancements in LT technology,the incidence of early allograft dysfunction(EAD)remains a critical concern,exacerbating the current organ shortage and detrimentally affecting the prognosis of ***,the perplexing hepatic heterogeneity has impeded characterization of the cellular traits and molecular events that contribute to ***,we constructed a pioneering single-cell transcriptomic landscape of human transplanted livers derived from non-EAD and EAD patients,with 12 liver samples collected from 7 donors during the cold perfusion and portal reperfusion *** of the 7523. cells of non-EAD and EAD patients revealed an EAD-associated immune niche comprising mucosal-associated invariant T cells,granzyme B^(+)(GZMB^(+))granzyme K^(+)(GZMK^(+))natural killer cells,and S100 calcium binding protein A12^(+)(S100A12^(+))***,we verified this immune niche and its association with EAD occurrence in two independent *** findings elucidate the cellular characteristics of transplanted livers and the EAD-associated pathogenic immune niche at the single-cell level,thus,offering valuable insights into EAD onset.

关键词： Human liver transplantation Early allograft dysfunction Pathogenic immune niche Single-cell analysis Cell-cell communication