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Fluid dynamics analysis and pyrolysis of brewer’s spent grain in a spouted bed reactor

Particuology 2019年第1期17卷 199-207页

作者： marcos A.s. Barrozo lidja d.m.s. borel Taísa s. Lira Carlos H. Ataíde school of Chemical Engineering Federal University of UberlandiaBrazil department of Engineering and Technologies Federal University of Espirito SantoBrazil

Brewer’s spent grain (BsG) is a large-scale agroindustrial waste that could be more efficiently utilized. This waste is composed of lignocellulosic material and so may serve as a good source of biomass for thermochemical conversion. The present study investigated the fluid dynamics behavior of mixtures of sand and BsG in a spouted bed to assess the viability of the thermochemical conversion of this biomass via fast pyrolysis. Fluid dynamics analyses were performed while varying the mass fraction of BsG (6–80%) and the static bed height (6.6–13.4 cm). Empirical equations for predicting the minimum spouting conditions and the mixing index were obtained using a regression technique, and the selected fluid dynamics parameters were employed in the spouted bed pyrolysis. The bio-oil resulting from this process was rich in phenolic compounds, various nitrogenated compounds (representing precursors for pharmaceuticals) and long-chain hydrocarbons. The products obtained from the analytical and spouted bed pyrolysis processes were also compared.

关键词： Brewer’s spent grain Agroindustrial residue spouted bed Fast pyrolysis Particle mixing

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Permo–Triassic and Liassic Tethyan Oceanic Tracts within the Pontide Belt Along the southern margin of Eurasia, Northern Anatolia

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Acta Geologica sinica(English Edition) 2017年第S1期91卷 33-34页

作者： E.sARIFAKIOGLU Y.dILEK m.sEVIN s.PEHLIVAN O.K EmIR A.mOLLER T.BAYANOVA I.UYsAL m.KELEs General directorate of mineral Research & Explor department of Geology & Env.Earth science Miami University The University of Kansas Department of Geology Geol.Inst.of the Kola science Centre of the RAs dept.of Geol.Engineering Karadeniz Technical University makro Yet.madencilik

The Pontide belt in northern Turkey includes three major tectonic terranes,the strandja massif（sj m）,and the Istanbul（IsZ）and sakarya Zones（sZ）(Fig.1).We present new age and geochemical data from ophiolites and ophiolitic mélanges within the sakarya Zone and show that these mafic–ultramafic rocks are the remnants of Tethyan oceanic lithosphere formed in different tectonic *** main ophiolite occurrences investigated in this study along the Karakaya suture（Ks）are associated with the latest Triassic Cimmeride orogeny,and in the Küre–Yusufeli ophiolite belt are part of the Alpide *** Karakaya suture Zone ophiolites in northern west Turkey are comprised mainly of the denizgoren（?anakkale）ophiolite,Bo?azk?y（Bursa）,Geyve（sakarya）,Almac?k（düzce）and?ele（Bolu）*** denizg?ren ophiolite largely contains upper mantle peridotites,which are equivalents of the Permo–Triassic Lesvos peridotites and mélange units farther sW in the northern Aegean *** Bo?azk?y ophiolite includes serpentinite and metagabbro,and the Almac?k and Geyve ophiolites display an almost complete Penrose–type sequence consisting of serpentinizeduppermantleperidotites,cumulate ultramafic–mafic rocks,isotropic gabbros,dolerite and plagiogranite dikes,and extrusive rocks.U–Pb zircon dating of plagiogranite dikes from?ele has revealed an igneous age of 260 ma,and 255,235,227 ma from Almac?k（Bozkurt et al.,2012a,b）.Consistent with the previouslypublished Permo–Triassic age,we obtained a 268.4±6.3 ma U–Pb zircon age from a plagiogranite dike within the Almacik ophiolite to the *** Ks ophiolite belt containing the?ele,Almac?k,Geyve ophiolites within the sZ extends westward into the Armutlu Peninsula and then into the Biga Peninsula（***?ren ophiolite）and.m.s. likely connects with the remnants of the Triassic meliata–meliac ocean basin（stampfli and borel,2002）in the Balkan *** Ks ophiolites also continue eastward within the Pontide Belt into the Elekda?ophiolite（e

关键词： Triassic and Liassic Tethyan Oceanic Tracts within the Pontide Belt Along the southern margin of Eurasia rock Ks Pb Permo Northern Anatolia

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