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Temporal evolution of charged and neutral nanoparticle concentrations during atmospheric new particle formation events and its implications for ion-induced nucleation

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 143-151页

作者： E. Rohan Jayaratne Buddhi Pushpawela lidia Morawska International Laboratory for Air Quality and health Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia

Time series of nanoparticle number concentration during new particle formation （NPF） events in the urban environment of Brisbane, Australia, showed that the formation of charged particles often occurred before that of neutral particles. We monitored 241 days during the calendar year 2012 over which NPF events were observed on 108 days. We studied the times at which the charged and neutral particle concentrations in the size range 1.8-3.2 nm reached their peak values and found that they were clearly different in 50 events with the peak neutral particle concentration lagging behind the charged particle concentration during 42 of these events with a mean time lag of 245-12 rain. While the charged particles were more likely to form before the neutral particles, once lbrmed, the growth rate of the particles did not depend on their charge. While ion-induced nucleation is not the dominant mechanism of NPF in the atmosphere, our observations suggest that the presence of ions in the atmosphere plays a role that cannot be ignored.

关键词： Charged particles Cluster ions Secondary particles Environmental pollution

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

Soil particle size range correction for improved calibration relationship between the laser-diffraction method and sieve-pipette method

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 134-144页

作者： Weiwen QIU Wei HU Denis CURTIN lidia MOTOI New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited Private Bag 4704Christchurch 8140New Zealand

Particle size fraction(clay, silt, and sand) is an important characteristic that influences several soil functions. The laser-diffraction method(LDM) provides a fast and cost-effective measurement of particle size distribution, but the results usually differ from those obtained by the traditional sieve-pipette method(SPM). This difference can persist even when calibration is applied between the two methods. This partly relates to the different size ranges of particles measured by the two methods as a result of different operational principles, i.e., particle sedimentation according to Stokes’ Law vs. Mie theory for laser beam scattering. The objective of this study was to identify particle size ranges of LDM equivalent to those measured by SPM and evaluate whether new calibration models based on size range correction can be used to improve LDM-estimated particle size fractions, using 51 soil samples with various texture collected from five soil orders in New Zealand. Particle size distribution was determined using both LDM and SPM. Compared with SPM, original data from LDM underestimated the clay fraction(he silt fraction(2–53 μm), but provided a good estimation of the sand fraction(53–2 000 μm).Results from three statistical indices, including Pearson’s correlation coefficient, slope, and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, showed that the size ranges of he he traditional calibration(based on the same particle size ranges), new calibration models(based on the corrected size ranges of these two methods) improved the estimation of clay and silt contents by LDM. Compared with soil-specific models(i.e., different models were developed for different soils), a universal model may be more parsimonious for estimating particle size fractions if the samples to be assessed represent multiple soil orders.

关键词： laser diffraction Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient particle size distribution Pearson’s correlation coefficient sedimentation method soil separate soil texture

Genes for RNA-binding proteins involved in neuralspecific functions and diseases are downregulated in Rubinstein-Taybi iNeurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 5-14页

作者： lidia Larizza Luciano Calzari Valentina Alari Silvia Russo Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory IRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanoItaly

Taking advantage of the fast-growing knowledge of RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)we review the signature of downregulated genes for RBPs in the transcriptome of induced pluripotent stem cell neurons(iNeurons)modelling the neurodevelopmental Rubinstein Taybi Syndrome(RSTS)caused by mutations in the genes encoding CBP/p300 *** discuss top and functionally connected downregulated genes sorted to“RNA processing”and“Ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis”Gene Ontology *** first set of downregulated RBPs includes members of hnRNHP(A1,A2B1,D,G,H2-H1,MAGOHB,PAPBC),core subunits of U small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and Serine-Arginine splicing regulators families,acting in precursor messenger RNA alternative splicing and *** with literature findings on reduced transcript levels of serine/arginine repetitive matrix 4(SRRM4)protein,the main regulator of the neural-specific microexons splicing program upon depletion of Ep300 and Crebbp in mouse neurons,RSTS iNeurons show downregulated genes for proteins impacting this *** link downregulated genes to neurological disorders including the new HNRNPH1-related intellectual disability syndrome with clinical overlap to *** set of downregulated genes for Ribosome biogenesis includes several components of ribosomal subunits and nucleolar proteins,such NOP58 and fibrillarin that form complexes with snoRNAs with a central role in guiding post-transcriptional modifications needed for rRNA *** nucleolar proteins are“dual”players as fibrillarin is also required for epigenetic regulation of ribosomal genes and conversely NOP58-associated snoRNA levels are under the control of NOP58 interactor BMAL1,a transcriptional regulator of the circadian *** downregulated genes for“dual specificity”RBPs such as RUVBL1 and METTL1 highlight the links between chromatin and the RBP-ome and the contribution of perturbations in their cross-talk to *** underline the hub position o

关键词： alternative splicing CBP/p300 chromatin regulators downregulated genes induced pluripotent stem cell-neurons neurodevelopmental disorders ribosome biogenesis RNA-binding proteins RNASeq Rubinstein-Taybi

Neuroglobin and neuroprotection:the role of natural and synthetic compounds in neuroglobin pharmacological induction

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2353-2358页

作者： lidia Ciccone Susanna Nencetti Simone Socci Elisabetta Orlandini Department of Pharmacy University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Earth Sciences University of PisaPisaItaly Research Center“E.Piaggio ”University of PisaPisaItaly

Neuroglobin(Ngb)is a 17 kDa monomeric hexa-coordinated heme protein belonging to the globin *** is mainly expressed in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system,although moderate levels of Ngb have been detected in non-nervous *** the past decade,Ngb has been studied for its neuroprotective role in a large number of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Huntington’s disease,brain ischemia and *** review discusses and summarizes the natural compounds and the small synthetic molecules capable of modulating Ngb expression that exhibits a protective role against various neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Neuroglobin neuroglobin pharmacological induction neuroprotection neurodegenerative diseases natural compounds synthetic small molecules Alzheimer’s disease Huntington’s disease

Predator-induced physiological responses in tadpoles challenged with herbicide pollution

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 475-484页

作者： Pablo BURRACO lidia Jimenez DUARTE Ivan GOMEZ-MESTRE Ecology Evolution and Development Group Estaci6n Biol6gica de Dofiana (EBD-CSIC) E-41092 Seville Spain Av. Las Ciencias 4 2℃ 41020 Sevilla Spain

Predators induce plastic responses in multiple prey taxa, ranging from morphological to behavioral or physiological changes. In amphibians, tadpoles activate plastic responses to reduce predation risk by reducing their activity rate and altering their morphology, specifically tail depth and pigmentation. Furthermore, there is now evidence that tadpoles＇ defenses are modi- fied when predators combine with other stressful factors such as pollutants or competitors, but our knowledge on the physiologi- cal responses underlying these responses is still scarce. here we study physiological responses in Pelobates cultripes tadpoles exposed to a natural predator （larvae of the aquatic beetle Dytiscus circumflexus）, non-lethal concentrations of herbicide （gly- phosate, 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L） or both factors combined. We measured corticosterone levels, standard metabolic rate, oxidative damage （TBARS） and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and immune response （via leukocyte count）. Tadpoles reduced their corti- costerone concentration by ca. 24% in the presence of predator cues, whereas corticosterone did not change in the presence of glyphosate. Two enzymes involved in antioxidant response also decreased in the presence of predators （14.7% and 13.2% respec- tively） but not to glyphosate. herbicide, however, increased the number of neutrophils and reduced that of lymphocytes, and had an interaction effect with predator presence. Standard metabolic rate did not vary across treatments in our experiment. Thus we show a marked physiological response to the presence of predators but little evidence for interaction between predators and low levels of herbicide. Multiple assessment of the physiological state of animals is important to understand the basis and conse- quences ofphenotypic plasticity

关键词： Inducible defenses Physiological responses Corticosterone Glyphosate Spadefoot toads Oxidative stress

Sorbents with high efficiency for CO2 capture based on amines-supported carbon for biogas upgrading

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第10期28卷 138-150页

作者： lidia Pino Cristina Italiano Antonio Vita Concetto Fabiano Vincenzo Recupero CNR Institute of Aduanced Technology for Energy "Nicola Giordano" Via S. Lucia 5 98126 Messina Italy

Sorbents for CO2 capture have been prepared by wet impregnation of a commercial active carbon （Ketjen-black, Akzo Nobel） with two CO2-philic compounds, polyethylenimine （PEI） and tetraethylenepentamine （TEPA）, respectively. The effects of amine amount （from 10 to 70 wt.%）, CO2 concentration in the feed, sorption temperature and gas hourly space velocity on the CO2 capture performance have been investigated. The sorption capacity has been evaluated using the breakthrough method, with a fixed bed reactor equipped with on line gas chromatograph. The samples have been characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray （SEM/EDX）. A promising CO2 sorption capacity of 6.90 mmo1/gsorbent has been obtained with 70 wt.% of supported TEPA at 70℃ under a stream containing 80 vol% of CO2. Sorption tests, carried out with simulated biogas compositions （CH4/CO2 mixtures）, have revealed an appreciable CO2 separation selectivity; stable performance was maintained for 20 adsorption-desorption cycles.

关键词： CO2 capturePEI-TEPA based sorbentsAmine efficiencyBiogasSeparation selectivity

Winkler Support Model and Nonlinear Boundary Conditions Applied to 3D Elastic Contact Problem Using the Boundary Element Method

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2019年第2期32卷 230-248页

作者： J.Vallepuga-Espinosa lidia Sanchez-Gonzalez Ivan Ubero-Martinez Departamento de Tecnologia Minera Topografiay de EstructurasUniversidad de LeonCampus de Vegazana s/n24071 LeonSpain Departamento de Ingenierias Mecanica Informatica y AeroespacialUniversidad de LeonCampus de Vegazana s/n24071 LeonSpain

This work presents a numerical methodology for modeling the Winkler supports and nonlinear conditions by proposing new boundary conditions. For the boundary conditions of Winkler support model, the surface tractions and the displacements normal to the surface of the solid are unknown, but their relationship is known by means of the ballast coefficient, whereas for nonlinear boundary conditions, the displacements normal to the boundary of the solid are zero in the positive direction but are allowed in the negative direction. In those zones, detachments of nodes might appear, leading to a nonlinearity, because the number of nodes that remain fixed or of the detached ones (under tensile tractions) is unknown. The proposed methodology is applied to the 3D elastic receding contact problem using the boundary element method. The surface t r actions and the displacements of the common int erface bet ween the two solids in contac t under the influence of different supports are calculated as well as the boundary zone of the solid where the new boundary conditions are applied. The problem is solved by a double-iterative met hod, so in the final solut ion, t here are no t r act ions or pene trations between the two solids or at the boundary of the solid where the nonlinear boundary conditions are Simula ted. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by examples.

关键词： Boundary element method Elastic contact problem Winkler support model Nonlinear boundary conditions

Dysfunctional glia:contributors to neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 218-222页

作者： Marta Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz lidia Strużyńska Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry Department of NeurochemistryMossakowski Medical Research CentrePolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland

Astrocytes are integral components of the central nervous system,where they are involved in numerous functions critical for neuronal development and functioning,including maintenance of blood-brain barrier,formation of synapses,supporting neurons with nutrients and trophic factors,and protecting them from *** roles are markedly affected in the course of chronic neurodegenerative disorders,often before the onset of the *** this review,we summarize the recent findings supporting the hypothesis that astrocytes play a fundamental role in the processes contributing to *** focus onα-synucleinopathies and tauopathies as the most common neurodegenerative *** mechanisms implicated in the development and progression of these disorders appear not to be exclusively neuronal,but are often related to the astrocytic-neuronal integrity and the response of astrocytes to the altered microglial function.A profound understanding of the multifaceted functions of astrocytes and identification of their communication pathways with neurons and microglia in health and in the disease is of critical significance for the development of novel mechanism-based therapies against neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： astrocytes microglia neurodegeneration neuroinflammation synaptic dysfunction synucleinopathies tauopathies