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Temporal evolution of charged and neutral nanoparticle concentrations during atmospheric new particle formation events and its implications for ion-induced nucleation

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 143-151页

作者： E. Rohan Jayaratne Buddhi Pushpawela lidia morawska International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4001 Australia

Time series of nanoparticle number concentration during new particle formation （NPF） events in the urban environment of Brisbane, Australia, showed that the formation of charged particles often occurred before that of neutral particles. We monitored 241 days during the calendar year 2012 over which NPF events were observed on 108 days. We studied the times at which the charged and neutral particle concentrations in the size range 1.8-3.2 nm reached their peak values and found that they were clearly different in 50 events with the peak neutral particle concentration lagging behind the charged particle concentration during 42 of these events with a mean time lag of 245-12 rain. While the charged particles were more likely to form before the neutral particles, once lbrmed, the growth rate of the particles did not depend on their charge. While ion-induced nucleation is not the dominant mechanism of NPF in the atmosphere, our observations suggest that the presence of ions in the atmosphere plays a role that cannot be ignored.

关键词： Charged particles Cluster ions Secondary particles Environmental pollution

Distribution characteristics of respiratory aerosols in enclosed environments

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Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) 2010年第2期26卷 232-237页

作者：高乃平牛建磊 lidia morawska 同济大学机械工程学院上海200092 香港理工大学屋宇设备工程学系 School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Queensland University of TechnologyQueensland

This paper studies the spatial concentration distribution and temporal evolution of exhaled and sneezed/coughed droplets within the range of 1.0 to 10.0 μm in an office room with three air distribution methods,including mixing ventilation（MV）,displacement ventilation（DV）,and under-floor air distribution（UFAD）.The simulation results indicate that exhaled droplets with diameters up to 10.0 μm from normal respiration process are uniformly distributed in ***,they become trapped at the breathing height by thermal stratifications in DV and UFAD,resulting in a high droplet concentration and an increased exposure risk to other ***/coughed droplets are more slowly diluted in DV/UFAD than in *** air speed in the breathing zone in DV/UFAD can lead to prolonged human exposure to droplets in the breathing zone.

关键词： respiratory droplets displacement ventilation under-floor air distribution(UFAD) transmission airborne disease

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham lidia morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

Monitoring the levels of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in passenger cars:Utilisation of car air filters as active samplers

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第5期32卷 142-150页

作者： Long KTran Chang He Dam Hoang Phuc Leisa-Maree LToms Xianyu Wang Meng Xiu Jochen FMueller Adrian Covaci lidia morawska Phong KThai QAEHS Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Hanoi University of Science and Technology HanoiViet Nam School of Public Health and Social Work Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationFaculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQLDAustralia Toxicological Center Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1AntwerpBelgium

Filters in residential and office air conditioning(A/C)systems have been used as sampling devices for monitoring different ***,cabin air filters(CAFs)in the A/C system of passenger cars have not been utilised for this *** this study,we collected22 used CAFs from passenger cars in Hanoi,Vietnam to analyse for 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and 10 organophosphate esters(OPEs).All the analytes were detected in more than 50%of samples with the exception of BDE153 and *** average concentrations of∑10OPEs and∑8 BDEs in the captured dust were 2600 and 40 ng/g,respectively with Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TCIPP)and BDE209 as the dominant congener in OPE and BDE groups,*** are a potential tool to qualitatively assess the levels of semi-volatile chemicals in suspended dust in cars as a screening step for exposure assessment of those chemicals.

关键词： Flame retardants Vehicle cabin Air quality Human exposure PBDEs OPEs

The airborne contagiousness of respiratory viruses:A comparative analysis and implications for mitigation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 257-264页

作者： Alex Mikszewski Luca Stabile Giorgio Buonanno lidia morawska International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia CIUS Building Performance Lab The City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering University of Cassino and Southern LazioCassinoFRItaly Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUnited Kingdom

The infectious emission rate is a fundamental input parameter for airborne transmission risk assessment,but data are limited due to reliance on estimates from chance superspreading *** study assesses the strength of a predictive estimation approach developed by the authors for SARS-CoV-2 and uses novel estimates to compare the contagiousness of respiratory *** applied the approach to SARS-CoV-1,SARS-CoV-2,MERS,measles virus,adenovirus,rhinovirus,coxsackievirus,seasonal influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)and compared quanta emission rate(ER)estimates to literature *** calculated infection risk in a prototypical classroom and barracks to assess the relative ability of ventilation to mitigate airborne *** median standing and speaking ERestimate for SARS-CoV-2(2.7 quanta h)is similar to active,untreated TB(3.1 quanta h),higher than seasonal influenza(0.17 quanta h-1),and lower than measles virus(15 quanta h).We calculated event reproduction numbers above 1 for SARS-CoV-2,measles virus,and untreated TB in both the classroom and barracks for an activity level of standing and speaking at low,medium and high ventilation rates of 2.3,6.6 and 14 L per second per person(L sp),*** predictive ERestimates are consistent with the range of values reported over decades of *** congregate settings,current ventilation standards are unlikely to control the spread of viruses with upper quartile ERqvalues above 10 quanta h,such as SARS-CoV-2,indicating the need for additional control measures.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19)airborne transmission Quanta emission rate Ventilation Measles Influenza

机动车细微颗粒物及气体污染物排放的隧道实测研究

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环境污染与防治 2010年第5期32卷 19-25页

作者：朱春张旭 morawska lidia 同济大学机械工程学院上海200092 昆士兰科技大学物理化学系

利用隧道实验法对澳洲Vulturestreet公交专用隧道的细微颗粒物和气体污染物进行连续4d实测,分析了自然通风和纵向通风下隧道内NOX、细微颗粒物数目浓度以及细微颗粒物粒度分布特征。结果表明,隧道内细微颗粒物粒径谱呈双峰分布,峰值区... 详细信息

利用隧道实验法对澳洲Vulturestreet公交专用隧道的细微颗粒物和气体污染物进行连续4d实测,分析了自然通风和纵向通风下隧道内NOX、细微颗粒物数目浓度以及细微颗粒物粒度分布特征。结果表明,隧道内细微颗粒物粒径谱呈双峰分布,峰值区段细微颗粒物粒径分别在19～25、70～105nm,判定为低硫柴油公交车和CNG公交车共同作用结果。隧道内NO2/NOX比值与NOX具有很强的相关性(R2=0.8320),当NOX大于1.000×10-6时,NO2/NOX渐进于(0.088±0.001),同时,NOX与细微颗粒物数目浓度、细微颗粒物总体积(VFP)呈明显的线性相关关系。柴油公交车和CNG公交车的混合条件下,细微颗粒物数目浓度、NOX平均排放因子分别为(2.48±1.53)×1014个/km、(12.8±5.1)g/km,柴油车和CNG公交车细微颗粒物数目浓度排放因子和NO排放因子没有明显差异。

关键词：细微颗粒物数目浓度粒度分布 NOX

地下机动车道空气质量标准和设计通风量计算方法

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暖通空调 2009年第9期39卷 132-136页

作者：朱春张旭 lidia morawska 同济大学昆士兰科技大学

分析了机动车排放的主要污染物,探讨了地下机动车道可借鉴应用的空气质量标准。通过分析机动车在地下车道内的运行特点,研究了地下车道的分类及不同分类下的通风量计算指标。给出了地下车道设计通风量的计算公式,通过实例论证了地下空... 详细信息

分析了机动车排放的主要污染物,探讨了地下机动车道可借鉴应用的空气质量标准。通过分析机动车在地下车道内的运行特点,研究了地下车道的分类及不同分类下的通风量计算指标。给出了地下车道设计通风量的计算公式,通过实例论证了地下空间采用稀释污染物计算方法的必要性。

关键词：地下机动车道空气质量设计通风量

Daily CO_(2) Emission Reduction Indicates the Control of Activities to Contain COVID-19 in China

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The Innovation 2020年第3期1卷 24-36页

作者： Rong Wang Yuankang Xiong Xiaofan Xing Ruipu Yang Jiarong Li Yijing Wang Junji Cao Yves Balkanski Josep Peñuelas Philippe Ciais Didier Hauglustaine Jordi Sardans Jianmin Chen Jianmin Ma Tang Xu Haidong Kan Yan Zhang Tomohiro Oda lidia morawska Renhe Zhang Shu Tao Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438P.R.China Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438P.R.China Big Data Institute for Carbon Emission and Environmental Pollution Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438P.R.China Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710075P.R.China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA CNRS UVSQ91190 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès08193 CataloniaSpain CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterra08193 CataloniaSpain College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking University100871 BeijingP.R.China School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology AssessmentFudan UniversityShanghai 200438P.R.China Universities Space Research Association ColumbiaMDUSA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Queensland University of Technology 2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD 4001Australia Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092P.R.China

Lockdown measures are essential to containing the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),but they will slow down economic growth by reducing industrial and commercial ***,the benefits of activity control from containing the pandemic have not been examined and *** we use daily carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission reduction in China estimated from statistical data for energy consumption and satellite data for nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI)as an indicator for reduced activities consecutive to a *** perform a correlation analysis to show that a 1%day-1 decrease in the rate of COVID-19 cases is associated with a reduction in daily CO_(2) emissions of 0.22%±0.02%using statistical data for energy consumption relative to emissions without COVID-19,or 0.20%±0.02%using satellite data for atmospheric column NO_(2).We estimate that swift action in China is effective in limiting the number of COVID-19 cases<100,000 with a reduction in CO_(2) emissions of up to 23%by the end of February 2020,whereas a 1-week delay would have required greater containment and a doubling of the emission reduction to meet the same *** analyzing the costs of health care and fatalities,we find that the benefits on public health due to reduced activities in China are 10-fold larger than the loss of gross domestic *** findings suggest an unprecedentedly high cost of maintaining activities and CO_(2) emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic and stress substantial benefits of containment in public health by taking early actions to reduce activities during the outbreak of COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 PANDEMIC CARBON EMISSION ENERGY CONSUMPTION SOCIAL CARBON COST CONTAINMENT EFFICACY PUBLIC HEALTH CORRELATION ANALYSIS INTEGRATED MODEL

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马路大量洒水与秋冬季雾霾的关系

马路大量洒水与秋冬季雾霾的关系